The Woodwright Shop with Roy Underhill Season Twenty Two, 2 DVD set

The Bill Anderson Woodworking Collection – Limited Quantity Available!

By Roy Underhill

Format: DVD 

Roy Underhill is back yet again for Season Twenty Two. In this DVD set, you will learn how to make a baby's cradle, visit the, work with Dan Mack, explore Colonial craftsmanship and so much more! For over 30 years, Roy Underhill has been educating and entertaining audiences with his unrivaled knowledge of traditional hand tools and wood building techniques.

Each episode is filled with classic woodworking techniques and how-tos, including:

• Dovetail A Triangular Box — A three-sided box?! Well that’s different. Let Roy show you how to make a triumphant triangular box for your trifocals.
• Shaker Work Table — Clever, elegant and delicate beauty. Roy shows you how to produce a wonderful little Shaker work table.
• Craftsman Wall Cabinet — Roy's bringing craftsmanship back into our lives with an Arts & Crafts style cabinet.
• Scandinavian Milking Stool — Have fun building a folk milking stool. Think of the possibilities!
• Spill Plane & Book Stand — What the heck is a spill plane and how do you make a hinged book stand out of one piece of wood?
• Canadian Cradle — Roy shows you how to build a delightful rocking cradle for a newborn baby.
• Shutter Dogs from the Blacksmith — Roy learns how to make shutter dog that is used to hold open shuttles when not to use.
• Rustic Furniture Maker — Meet Dan Mack, and see how he fabricates fascinating furniture out of naturally occurring materials.
• Williamsburg Wheelwright — Find out what it takes to make a wheel at the Palace Wheelwright Shop in Colonial Williamsburg.
• Limberjacks & Dancing Dolls — Roy shows you how to build wonderful articulated dancing toys called Limberjacks!
• Plymouth Plantation Woodworkers — See how the Pilgrims performed early American woodworking with just a few basic tools.
• Colonial Carpenters — Learn the difference between a carpenter and a joiner. Hint: Think doors, windows & stairs.
• Craftsmen of Old Sturbridge Village — Visit Old Sturbridge Village, and meet the 1930s American—a farmer/craftsman.

SKU	T0368
Author/Speaker/Editor	Roy Underhill
Format	DVD
ISBN 13	9781440335068
Runtime	6 hours

For further information log on website :

http://www.shopwoodworking.com/the-woodwright-shop-with-roy-underhill-season-22-dvd-set

Production of mahogany sawdust reinforced LDPE wood–plastic composites using statistical response surface methodology

Published Date 

June 2015, Volume 26, Issue 2, pp 487-494

First online: 27 January 2015

Title 

Production of mahogany sawdust reinforced LDPE wood–plastic composites using statistical response surface methodology

• Sofina-E-Arab
• , Md. Azharul Islam

Abstract

We produced wood–plastic composite board by using sawmill wastage of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) wood and low density polyethylene. We used multi-response optimization to optimize the process parameters of composite board production including mixing ratio, fire retardant (%) and pressing time (min). We investigated the effects of these three process parameters in the mechanical and physical properties of the composite board. Afterwards, Box–Behnken design was performed as response surface methodology with desirability functions to attain the optimal level of mixing ratio, fire retardant and pressing time (min). The maximum modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were achieved at the optimal conditions of wood plastic mixing ratio of 60:40, pressing time of 9 min and zero fire retardant percentage. The optimized MOR and MOE were 13.12 and 1,781.0 N mm−2, respectively.

Keywords

Wood plastic composite LDPE Mechanical properties Physical properties Response surface methodology

References

1. ASTM D1037-12 (2012) Standard test methods for evaluating properties of wood-base fiber and particle panel materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken
2. ASTM D790-10 (2010) Standard test methods for flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics and electrical insulating materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken
3. Atuanya CU, Ibhadode AOA, Igboanugo AC (2011) Potential of using recycled low-density polyethylene in wood composites board. Afr J Environ Sci Technol 5(5):389–396
4. Ayrilmis N, Benthien JT, Thoemen H, White RH (2011) Effects of fire retardants on physical, mechanical, and fire properties of flat-pressed WPCs. Eur J Wood Wood Prod 70:215–224
5. Ayrilmis N, Akbulut T, Dundar T, White RH, Mengeloglu F, Buyuksari U, Candan Z, Avci E (2012) Effect of boron and phosphate compounds on physical, mechanical, and fire properties of wood–polypropylene composite. Constr Build Mater 33:63–69
6. Azizi K, Tabarsa T, Ashori A (2011) Performance characterizations of particleboards made with wheat straw and waste veneer splinters. Compos B 42(7):2085–2089
7. Benthien JT, Thoemen H (2012) Effects of raw materials and process parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of flat pressed WPC panels. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 43(4):570–576
8. Box GP, Behnken DW (1960) Some new three level design for the study of quantitative variables. Technometrics 2(4):456–475
9. Chen JH, Zhong JC, Cai YH, Su WB, Yang YB (2007) Morphology and thermal properties in the binary blends of poly (propylene-co-ethylene) copolymer and isotactic polypropylene with polyethylene. Polymer 48(10):2946–2957
10. Islam MA, Sakkas V, Albanis TA (2009) Application of statistical design of experiment with desirability functions for the removal of organophosphorus pesticide from aqueous solution by low cost material. J Hazard Mater 170(1):230–238
11. Islam MA, Nikoloutsou Z, Sakkas V, Papatheodorou M, Albanis TA (2010) Statistical optimization by combination of response surface methodology and desirability function for removal of azo dye from aqueous solution. Int J Environ Anal Chem 90:495–507
12. Islam MA, Alam MR, Hannan MO (2012) Multiresponse optimization based on statistical response surface methodology and desirability function for the production of particleboard. Compos B Eng 43(3):861–868

1. Kuo M, Adams D, Myers D, Curry D, Heemstra K, Smith J, Bian Y (1998) Properties of wood agricultural fiberboard bonden with soybean-based adhesives. For Prod J 48(2):71–75
2. Lee H, Kim HJ, Park HJ (2002) Performance of paper sludge/polypropylene fiber/linocellulosic fiber composites. J Ind Eng Chem 8(1):50–56
3. Leu SY, Yang TH, Lo SF, Yang TH (2011) Optimized material composition to improve the physical and mechanical properties of extruded wood–plastic composites (WPCs.). Constr Build Mater 29:120–127
4. Myers RH, Montgomery DC (2001) Response surface methodology: process and product optimization using designed experiments, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
5. Najafi SK, Kiaefar A, Hamidina E, Tajvidi M (2007) Water absorption behavior of composites from sawdust and recycled plastics. J Reinf Plast Compos 26(3):341–348
6. Nirdosha G, Setunge S, Jollands M (2011) Design of experiments (DOE) for investigating particleboard production. In: Fragomeni S, Venkatesan S, Lam NTK, Setunge S (eds) Incorporating sustainable practice in mechanics of structures and materials. Taylor & Francis Group, London
7. Obidiegwu MU, Nwosu CT (2012) Mechanical and flammability properties of low density polyethylene/ALSTONIA BOONEI wood fiber composite. Asian J Nat Appl Sci 1(2):53–62
8. Panshin AJ, De Zeewe C (1980) Textbook of wood technology, 4th edn. McGraw – Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, pp 1–402
9. Pramila R, Ramesh KV (2011) Biodegradation of low density polyethylene (LDPE) by fungi isolated from municipal landfill area. J Microbiol Biotechnol 1(4):131–136
10. Pritchard G (2004) Two technologies merge: wood plastic composites. Plast Addit Compd 6(4):18–21

1. Rahim S (2009) Wood waste utilization for wood composite industries in Malaysia. Paper presented at Asia Pacific Forest Products Workshop, 14 Dec
2. Stark NM, White HR, Mueller SA, Osswald TA (2010) Evaluation of various fire retardants for use in wood flour-polyethylene composites. Polym Degrad Stab 95(9):1903–1910
3. Tabarsa T, Ashori A, Gholamzadeh M (2011) Evaluation of surface roughness and mechanical properties of particleboard panels made from bagasse. Compos B Eng 42(5):1330–1335
4. Tamrakar S, Lopez-Anido RA (2011) Water absorption of wood polypropylene composite sheet piles and its influence on mechanical properties. Constr Build Mater 25(10):3977–3988
5. Yamashita Y, Watanabe H, Takeda S (1999) Rubber wood characteristics of its supply and development of its utilization. For Resour 71:65–70
6. Yang WJ, Xie YJ, Wang HG, Liu BY, Wang QW (2013) Impacts of freezing and thermal treatments on dimensional and mechanical properties of wood flour-HDPE composite. J For Res 24(1):143–147
7. Youngquist JA, Krzysik AM, Chow P, Meimban R (1997) Properties of composite panels. In: Roger RM et al (eds) Paper and composites from agro-based resources. CRC Lewis Publisher, Boca Raton, pp 309–311
8. Yuan FP, Ou RX, Xie YJ, Wang QW (2013) Reinforcing effects of modified Kevlar® fiber on the mechanical properties of wood-flour/polypropylene composites. J For Res 24(1):149–153
9. Zhang ZT, Sun ZB, Yang XH, Dong YH (2013) Manufacturing composite from regenerated wood fiber and polyethylene via paten-pressing process. Adv Mater Res 645:39–42
10. Zhao J, Wang XM, Chang JM, Zheng K (2008) Optimization of processing variables in wood–rubber composite panel manufacturing technology. Bioresour Technol 99(7):2384–2391

For further details log on website :

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11676-015-0031-2

What Are the Food Sources of HDL Cholesterol?

Overview

HDL Cholesterol, or high density lipoprotein, is the “good” cholesterol. According to the American Heart Association HDL cholesterol helps remove the “bad” LDL cholesterol, or low density lipoprotein, from the blood and take them back to the liver to be processed and removed. HDL cholesterol helps prevent plaque deposits from LDL cholesterol in the arteries that can lead to heart disease, heart attack and stroke. The American Council on Exercises recommends for individuals to have HDL levels above 60mg per deciliter. HDL levels below 40mg per deciliter are considered a risk factor for heart disease. There are many ways in which to increase HDL levels with specific food intakes.

Salmon and red wine have both been shown to raise HDL cholesterol levels. Photo Credit Trevor Allen/iStock/Getty Images.

Fish

Fatty fish such as salmon, tuna, halibut and mackerel have high levels of omega-3 fatty acids which is rich with HDL cholesterol. Consume two to three servings a week. If you are not a fish lover, then fish oil supplements will suffice, however many nutrients are not absorbed during digestion. It’s always best to get your nutrients from whole foods because it is easier for the body to absorb all the nutrients.

Nuts

Raw nuts such as almonds, walnuts and cashews have high levels of HDL cholesterol and are rich in polyunsaturated fats. It is best to eat them raw as opposed to baked or cooked because the cooking process can eliminate some of the nutrients. Also avoid salted nuts, because high sodium levels can increase blood pressure.

Soluble Fiber

Foods that are rich in soluble fiber include fruits like apples, pears and prunes with skin on. Grains, oatmeal and beans are another source of soluble fiber. The average adult should try to get at least 20g of soluble fiber in their diet daily, with a goal of 20g for lower LDL and higher HDL cholesterol.

Olive Oil

Olive oil is high in antioxidants which help lower LDL and rise HDL cholesterol levels. The Food and Drug Administration recommends using 2 tbsp., or 23g per day for added health benefits. Substitute using olive oil for cooking spray and butter. Combined with vinegar it is also a good salad dressing. Remember to use in moderation however since it is high in calories.

Red Wine

Red wine in moderation, about a glass per day, can raise HDL levels by about 4mg per deciliter, however it has not been shown to lower LDL cholesterol. If you have high triglycerides, this is not a method to try to raise HDL levels.

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Effect of eucalyptus wood vinegar on rubberwood infestation by Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).

Published Date

Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2013;78(2):317-22.

Title 

Effect of eucalyptus wood vinegar on rubberwood infestation by Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).

Author 

Tarasin M.

Abstract

Wood degradation caused by fungi, termites, and insects, is a major problem for the rubberwood industry. The potential of wood vinegar as rubberwood preservative was studied. The infestation rates of Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) on rubberwood samples treated with 25%, 50% and 100% eucalyptus wood vinegar for 24 hours were observed in laboratory conditions. Both non-choice and choice experiments were included. The effects of eucalyptus wood vinegar treatment depended on its concentration. In the non-choice experiments, rubberwood samples treated with 100% eucalyptus wood vinegar had the highest resistance to C. gestroi infestation, with the lowest relative loss of mass, followed in rank order by 50% and 25% treatments. However, in the choice experiments the relative loss of mass did not differ significantly between the treatments with varied wood vinegar concentration. Untreated control samples were distinctly infested by C. gestroi in both non-choice and choice experiments, but their relative loss of mass in the non-choice experiments was not significantly different from samples treated with 25% eucalyptus wood vinegar. Hence, 25% eucalyptus wood vinegar was not effective as rubberwood preservative against C. gestroi attack. The results suggest that eucalyptus wood vinegar acts as a rubberwood preservative against termites, provided the treatment is done without dilution. About 50% dilution still has some efficacy, while lower concentrations are not effective.


For further details log on website :

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25145252

Published Date

December 2011, Volume 8, Issue 2, pp 161-164

First online: 24 April 2012

Efficacy of colemanite against mould fungi on rubber wood veneer

• Aparna Kalawate 
• , C. N. Pandey

Abstract

Colemanite, also called as hydrated calcium borate hydroxide, is a borate mineral found in evaporite deposits of alkaline lacustrins environments. It is a secondary mineral that forms by alternation of borax and ulexite. As this chemical is not toxic to human beings and other mammals, it has been chosen for the present preliminary work on assessing the efficacy against mould fungi on rubber wood veneers. Colemanite at two different levels of concentrations, 3 and 5 % was tested against moulds and it has been found that 5 % concentration acts as an effective mouldicide. In India this is the first report where colemanite was used against mould fungi.

Keywords

Colemanite Wood preservative chemical Mould Wood preservation 
Mouldicide

References

1. Alexopoulos JC, Minis WC (1979) Introductory mycology, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York
2. Anon (1998) Standard test method for fungicides for controlling sapstain and mould on unseasoned lumber (laboratory method). D 4445-91, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol. 04.01. American Society for Testing Materials, West Conshohocken
3. Cornelis Klein, Cornelius S, Hurlbut Jr (1985) Manual of mineralogy, 20th edn. Wiley, New York, p 347
4. Flannigan B, Miller JD (1993) Indoor humidity and the building envelope guidelines for evaluation of air borne microbial contamination of buildings. In: Rose WB, Ten Wolde A (eds) Bugs, Mold and RotII. National Institute of Building Sciences, Washington, DC, pp 43–50
5. Holding AS (2003) Health and safety data sheet. Research and development department Istambul. http://​www.​etimineusa.​com/​files/​ground-colemanite.​doc
6. Korpi A, Kasanen JP, Alarie Y, Kosama VM, Pasanen AL (1999) Sensory irritating potency of some microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) and a mixture of five MVOCs. Arch Environ Health 543:347–352
7. Ladislav Reinprecht (2007) Selected laboratory tests of boron efficacy against wood-destroying fungi and moulds. In: 8th Workshop BRASOV COST Action E37: Romania, 2006. pp 18–19
8. Lindgren RM (1952) Permeability of southern pine as affected by mold growth and other fungus infection. Proc Am Wood Preserv Assoc 48:158–1754
9. Mann A (1999) Mold: a health alert. USA Weekend, Dec 3–5, pp 8–9
10. Padmanabhan S, Kamal SZM, Ananthanarayan S (1997) Development of protective measures for wood and wood based panels using B.M.-59: a new boron based chemical. IPIRTI research report No. 99, p 55
11. Pasanen AL, Lappalainen S, Pasanen P (1996) Volatile organic metabolites associated with some toxic fungi and their mycotoxins. Analyst 12:1949–1953
12. Pasanen AL, Korip A, Kasanen JP, Pasanen P (1998) Critical aspects on significance of microbial volatile metabolites as indoor air pollutants. Environ Int 24(7):703–712
13. Pasanen AL, Kasanen J, Sirpa R, Ikaheimo M, Rantamaki J, Kaariainen H, Kalliokoski P (2000) Fungal growth and survival in building material under fluctuating moisture and temperature conditions. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 46:117–127
14. Zabel RA, Morrell JJ (1992) Wood microbiology: decay and its prevention. Academic Press, San Diego

For further details log on website :

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13196-012-0040-0

How to Cook Lamb on a Weber Grill

Cooking lamb on a Weber grill infuses the smoky and earthy flavor from charcoal into the meaty richness of the meat. Lamb chops and steaks remain tender and juicy when cooked on a Weber grill, though larger cuts of lamb, such as whole legs of lamb or roasts, cook better at low temperatures for long periods of time in a roaster oven or slow cooker. Whether boneless or bone-in, choose lamb chops and steaks that appear light red in color and contain light marbling for best results on the grill.

A plate of grilled lamb with herbs. Photo Credit bhofack2/iStock/Getty Images.

Grilling Lamb

Step 1

Butterfly large cuts of lamb, such as a boneless leg of lamb or thick-cut chops, before grilling to cut the meat down to a uniform thickness of no more than 1 1/2 inches throughout. Trim away large pieces of fat.

Step 2

Light the charcoal to preheat the grill to high heat, between 450 to 500 degrees Fahrenheit. Adjust the vents as necessary to increase, decrease or maintain temperatures throughout cooking. Opening the vents increases the temperature since it allows oxygen to fuel the fire; closing them decreases it.

Step 3

Bring the lamb to room temperature. Pull from the refrigerator and allow it to sit for up to 30 minutes. Salt and pepper the lamb and season to taste. Brush the meat with a light coat of olive oil.

Step 4

Place the lamb on the preheated grill. Cook for 3 to 4 minutes for thinner chops, or 6 to 8 minutes for thicker cuts, then turn the meat using a spatula or tongs. Cook on the other side for the same length of time, or until the internal temperature registers 145 F for medium-rare. Take the internal temperature of the lamb by inserting a meat thermometer into the thickest part of the meat not touching the bone.

Things You'll Need

• Olive oil
• Salt and pepper

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Does Doing Push-ups Every Day Tone Arms?

Whether you visit the gym several times a week or strive to build a strong body by working out at home, push-ups are an ideal exercise to include in your fitness routine. This body-weight exercise doesn't target your arms but can tone arm muscles and a number of other muscles in your body. Performing the exercise daily, however, doesn't allow enough recovery time for your muscles.

Boot camp class doing push-ups outdoors Photo Credit Mike Powell/Digital Vision/Getty Images.

Push-ups for Strength

Push-ups target the pectoralis major muscles located in your chest and are an effective way to build strong pecs without the use of weights. They also require the involvement of other muscles, including the biceps and triceps, found in the front and rear, respectively, of your upper arms. As such, performing this exercise can tone and strengthen your arms over time. The exact length of time before you'll see signs of muscle development depend on how frequently you perform push-ups and the length and intensity of the workout.

Daily Is Too Much

It's easy to think that performing push-ups daily will lead to faster muscle growth, but the American Council on Exercise, or ACE, warns against strength training too frequently. For your muscles to reap the rewards of exercise, they must have time to recover between workouts. ACE recommends at least two strength-training sessions every week but advises taking two days of recovery time between workouts. Your strength training shouldn't just include push-ups; always strengthen every muscle group.

Be Careful of Overtraining Given that it's not ideal to perform push-ups daily, tailor your workout to be as beneficial as possible. ACE suggests eight to 12 reps of any exercise in which you work your muscles to fatigue. Instead of trying to increase your reps, concentrate on using proper form. To perform this exercise correctly, lie on your front on the floor, bend your arms and press your palms against the floor beside your shoulders. Tighten your core muscles and straighten your arms until your weight sits on your hands and toes. Slowly bend your arms to lower your chest to the floor to complete your first rep. Repeat the exercise for three sets of 10 reps. Joint and muscle pain are signs that you're overtraining. If your body is sore, take more than two days to recover.  Kicking it Up a Notch If you begin to find push-ups don't pose the same challenge they once did, it's easy to increase the resistance of the exercise to further strengthen your muscles. Challenging variations include weighted push-ups, during which you place a weight plate on your back, and decline push-ups, which you perform with your feet elevated on a bench. Variations allow you to maximize each rep, rather than performing more reps of standard push-ups. Eventually, you can build up to challenging plyometric variations, such as clap push-ups.

www.livestrong.com

Effect of Fiber Esterification on Fundamental Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Biocomposites

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13(2), 1327-1346; doi:10.3390/ijms13021327

Article

Effect of Fiber Esterification on Fundamental Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Biocomposites

Samira Siyamak 1,* ,  Nor Azowa Ibrahim 1,* ,  Sanaz Abdolmohammadi 1

,Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus 2

 and   Mohamad Zaki AB Rahman 1

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia

2 Chemistry Department, Center for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia

* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. 

Received: 6 December 2011 / Revised: 13 December 2011 / Accepted: 5 January 2012 / Published: 27 January 2012

Abstract 

A new class of biocomposites based on oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), which is a biodegradable aliphatic aromatic co-polyester, were prepared using melt blending technique. The composites were prepared at various fiber contents of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt% and characterized. Chemical treatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber was successfully done by grafting succinic anhydride (SAH) onto the EFB fiber surface, and the modified fibers were obtained in two levels of grafting (low and high weight percentage gain, WPG) after 5 and 6 h of grafting. The FTIR characterization showed evidence of successful fiber esterification. The results showed that 40 wt% of fiber loading improved the tensile properties of the biocomposite. The effects of EFB fiber chemical treatments and various organic initiators content on mechanical and thermal properties and water absorption of PBAT/EFB 60/40 wt% biocomposites were also examined. The SAH-g-EFB fiber at low WPG in presence of 1 wt% of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiator was found to significantly enhance the tensile and flexural properties as well as water resistance of biocomposite (up to 24%) compared with those of untreated fiber reinforced composites. The thermal behavior of the composites was evaluated from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/differential thermogravimetric (DTG) thermograms. It was observed that, the chemical treatment has marginally improved the biocomposites’ thermal stability in presence of 1 wt% of dicumyl peroxide at the low WPG level of grafting. The improved fiber-matrix surface enhancement in the chemically treated biocomposite was confirmed by SEM analysis of the tensile fractured specimens.

Keywords: oil palm EFB fiber; poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate); biocomposite; fiber esterification;  thermal and mechanical properties; succinic anhydride

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

For further details log on website :

http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/13/2/1327