Blog List

Tuesday, 14 March 2017

Biomass transportation

Author
Gustavsson
Renewable Energy, 1996, vol. 9, issue 1, pages 1033-1036

Abstract: Extensive utilisation of logging residues, straw, and energy crops will lead to short transportation distances and thus low transportation costs. The average distance of transportation of biomassto a large-scale conversion plant, suitable for electricity or methanol production using 300 000 dry tonne biomass yearly, will be about 30 km in Sweden, if the conversion plant is located at the centre of the biomass production area. The estimated Swedish biomass potential of 430 PJ/yr is based on production conditions around 2015, assuming that 30% of the available arable land is used for energy crop production. With present production conditions, resulting in a biomasspotential of 220 PJ/yr, the transportation distance is about 42 km. The cost of transporting biomass 30–42 km will be equivalent to 20–25% of the total biomass cost. The total energy efficiency of biomassproduction and transportation will be 95–97%, where the energy losses from transportation are about 20%. Biomass transportation will contribute less than 10% to the total NOx, CO, and HC emissions from biomass production, transportation, and conversion.
Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0960148196884564
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text
Access Statistics for this article
Renewable Energy is currently edited by Soteris A. Kalogirou and Paul Christodoulides
More articles in Renewable Energy from  Elsevier
Series data maintained by Dana Niculescu (repec@elsevier.com).

For further details log on website :
http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/search.pf?kw=Biomass%20cultivation
at No comments:

A review on biomass as a fuel for boilers

Author
R. Saidur, E.A. Abdelaziz, A. Demirbas, M.S. Hossain and S. Mekhilef

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011, vol. 15, issue 5, pages 2262-2289
Abstract: Currently, fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas represent the prime energy sources in the world. However, it is anticipated that these sources of energy will deplete within the next 40-50Â years. Moreover, the expected environmental damages such as the global warming, acid rain and urban smog due to the production of emissions from these sources have tempted the world to try to reduce carbon emissions by 80% and shift towards utilizing a variety of renewable energy resources (RES) which are less environmentally harmful such as solar, wind, biomassetc. in a sustainable way. Biomass is one of the earliest sources of energy with very specific properties. In this review, several aspects which are associated with burning biomass in boilers have been investigated such as composition of biomass, estimating the higher heating value of biomass, comparison between biomass and other fuels, combustion of biomass, co-firing of biomass and coal, impacts of biomass, economic and social analysis of biomass, transportation of biomass, densification of biomass, problems of biomass and future of biomass. It has been found that utilizing biomass in boilers offers many economical, social and environmental benefits such as financial net saving, conservation of fossil fuel resources, job opportunities creation and CO2 and NOx emissions reduction. However, care should be taken to other environmental impacts of biomass such as land and water resources, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity and deforestation. Fouling, marketing, low heating value, storage and collections and handling are all associated problems when burning biomass in boilers. The future of biomass in boilers depends upon the development of the markets for fossil fuels and on policy decisions regarding the biomass market.
Keywords: Boilers; Biomass; Combustion; Impact; of; biomass; Biomass; problems; and; solutions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations View citations in EconPapers (68) Track citations by RSS feed
Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364-0321(11)00057-8
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text
Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/bibliographic
http://www.elsevier. ... 600126/bibliographic
Access Statistics for this article
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews is currently edited by L. Kazmerski
More articles in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews from  Elsevier
Series data maintained by Dana Niculescu (repec@elsevier.com).

For further details log on website :
http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/search.pf?kw=Biomass%20cultivation
at No comments:

Tobacco Cultivation in Latin America

Author

Abstract: This paper evaluates the importance of tobacco cultivation in Latin America. To this end the main variables of the sector will be analyzed, such as the quantity and value of production, the number of cultivated hectares and crop yields. The value of the sector as export strength is also studied. In addition, a comparison of direct employment generated by tobacco cultivation in tobacco countries of Latin America is created based on different sources. The results show that the production of Latin-American countries as a whole has been increasing in recent years, making the share of production of this continent close to 16% of world production. Argentina and Brazil stand out for their production to be placed among the ten largest producers in the world. The extension of cultivated area in the region reaches 13.55% of the area dedicated to tobacco in the world. The increase in production has driven a growth in the productivity of the product with a growing trend for the past several lustrums. This positive trend has been accompanied by an increase in prices paid to the grower, particularly since 2007. It is then a sector with a significant impact on the region. Tobacco cultivation has the capacity of generating 650,000 direct jobs and exporting U.S. $ 3,788 million annually. Considering the analysis only involves direct employment, these figures are very significant.

Keywords: Tobacco Cultivation; Direct Employment in Tobacco; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics; Q10; Q18; O54 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-lam
Date: 2014-03-10
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations Track citations by RSS feed
Downloads: (external link)
http://purl.umn.edu/209321 (application/pdf)
Related works:
Working Paper: Tobacco Cultivation in Latin America (2014) Downloads
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Searchfor items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text
Access Statistics for this paper
More papers in Documentos CEDE Series from  Universidad de Los Andes, Economics Department Contact information at EDIRC.
Series data maintained by AgEcon Search (aesearch@umn.edu).

For further details log on website :
http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/search.pf?kw=Biomass%20cultivation
at No comments:

Shifting cultivation and forest pressure in Cameroon

Author

Abstract: Shifting cultivation is often blamed as a principal cause of deforestation in tropical Africa. It is claimed that the practice is unsustainable because shortened fallow lengths result in soils too degraded to support forest vegetation. The decline in fallow lengths is often attributed to increases in population density and greater market participation. The conventional wisdom makes several claims that are as yet unsubstantiated. This paper investigates whether there is evidence to support two of these claims in southern Cameroon. First, using both cross-sectional and panel data, I find that there is indeed a robust negative association between fallow lengths and population density in the study area and weaker evidence for a negative relationship between fallow lengths and market participation. Second, a stochastic frontier production function approach is used to investigate the marginal contribution of fallow to output. Results indicate that fallow lengths are not low enough to be affecting yields and therefore do not appear to be resulting in declines in soil fertility. Thus overall, while some of the assumptions of the conventional wisdom appear to be true, there is little evidence to support its dramatic conclusion that shifting cultivators are causing deforestation in the forested region of Cameroon.
Keywords: Shifting cultivation; population density; market participation; deforestation; Cameroon (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O12 O13 Q12 Q15 Q23 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations View citations in EconPapers (1) Track citations by RSS feed
Downloads: (external link)
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53077/1/MPRA_paper_53077.pdf original version (application/pdf)
Related works:
Journal Article: Shifting cultivation and forest pressure in Cameroon (2011)
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Searchfor items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text
Access Statistics for this paper
More papers in MPRA Paper from  University Library of Munich, Germany Ludwigstraße 33, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Contact information at EDIRC.
Series data maintained by Joachim Winter (winter@lmu.de).

For further details log on website :
http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/search.pf?kw=Biomass%20cultivation
at No comments:

The impact of shifting cultivation in the forestry ecosystems of Timor-Leste

Author
Maria Jeus, Pedro Henriques (pdamiao@uevora.pt), Pedro Laranjeira, Vanda Narciso and Maria Leonor Silva Carvalho(leonor@uevora.pt)
Additional contact information

Abstract: Every year thousands of hectares of forest are destructed as a result of the practice of swidden agriculture, shifting cultivation or "slush and burn" causing changes in forest ecosystems. In Timor-Leste shifting cultivation is still practiced nowadays as a form of subsistence agriculture. The objectives of the research are to characterize and reveal the socio-economic importance of shifting agriculture to rural communities in Timor-Leste, to identify its impacts in the environmental sustainability of the ecosystems, as well as to suggest some solutions to mitigate their negative impacts. A questionnaire survey that characterized shifting cultivation, and asked farmers’ opinion on slash and burning of forest areas and on the importance of forests was applied to farmers of two Sucos of Bobonaro district. According to the results the existing vegetation before the slash was composed of dense forest, the slash is made by the family group, farmers have been doing the “slush and burn” for more than ten years and the size of the plots used is less than 2 hectares. The materials resulting from the slash are used for firewood, building materials and fencing. The burning of vegetable residues is done before planting and soil preparation and sowing is done with a lever. Land and forest, despite having an individual use, have a tenure regime of ownership and access in which its nature of common pool good prevails.
Keywords: shifting cultivation; forest ecosystems; sustainability; Timor-Leste. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q23 Q24 Q26 Q57 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-agrand nep-env
Date: 2012
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations Track citations by RSS feed
Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Searchfor items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text
Access Statistics for this paper
More papers in CEFAGE-UE Working Papers from  University of Evora, CEFAGE-UE (Portugal) Contact information at EDIRC.
Series data maintained by Angela Pacheco (cefage@uevora.pt).

For further details log on website :
http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/search.pf?kw=Biomass%20cultivation
at No comments:

Breeding and CultivationTechnique of Ditian 6

Author
Jianbin Yan, Linsheng Shao, Junhua Wang, Yonggang Cheng, Ruigang Wang, Xu Pang, Haiying Liang, Xuebiao Zhang and Peimin Zhang
Asian Agricultural Research, 2016, vol. 08, issue 02

Abstract: Ditian 6 is super sweet corn hybrid. Its parents are inbred line 201-2 and 769 respectively. It was certificated by Variety Certification Committee of Shanxi Province in 2013. Ditian 6 participated in regional trials of Shanxi Province in 2010 and 2011. The average fresh ear yield is 14257.5 kg/ha. Its growth period is 81 d, belonging to the early variety. It has obvious advantages if it is early cultivated. The kernel is yellow, and the quality reaches a high level. In the early or late market, it has significant economic benefits. The variety has strong resistance to disease and adversity, with wide adaptability, high and stable yield. It can be planted in the areas where accumulated temperature is above 2300℃.
Keywords: Ditian 6; Breeding; Planting pattern; Cultivationtechniques; Seed breeding; Early cultivation; Agribusiness(search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations Track citations by RSS feed
Downloads: (external link)
http://purl.umn.edu/241362 (application/pdf)
Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Searchfor items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text
Access Statistics for this article
Asian Agricultural Research is currently edited by February
More articles in Asian Agricultural Research from USA-China Science and Culture Media Corporation
Series data maintained by AgEcon Search (aesearch@umn.edu).

For further details log on website :
http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/search.pf?kw=Biomass%20cultivation
at No comments:

Shifting cultivation in peatlands

Author
Bambang Saharjo
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2007, vol. 12, issue 1, pages 135-146
Keywords: Fire; Land management; Land preparation; Peat; Shifting cultivation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2007
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations Track citations by RSS feed
Downloads: (external link)
http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s11027-006-9048-3 (text/html)
Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text
Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.springer.com/economics/journal/11027
Access Statistics for this article
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change is currently edited by Robert Dixon
More articles in Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change from  Springer
Series data maintained by Sonal Shukla (sonal.shukla@springer.com).

For further details log on website :
http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/search.pf?kw=Biomass%20cultivation
at No comments:

ECONOMICS OF GM CROP CULTIVATION

Author

Abstract: Asynchronous approval of new GM crops across international jurisdictions is of growing concern due to its potential impact on global trade. Different countries have different authorisation procedures and, even if regulatory dossiers are submitted at the same time, approval is not given simultaneously (in some cases, delays can even amount to years). For instance, by mid-2009 over 40 transgenic events were approved or close to approval elsewhere but not yet approved – or not even submitted – in the EU. Yet, like some other jurisdictions, the EU also operates a zero-tolerance policy to even the smallest traces of nationally unapproved GM crops (so-called low-level presence). The resultant rejection of agricultural imports has already caused high economic losses and threatens to disrupt global agri-food supply chains. The risk that feed supplies could be affected by a low-level presence of non-EU approved GM material could be resolved if the EU allowed a tolerance for this, rather than operating a strict zero tolerance as now. The Commission has undertaken to come forward with a nonlegislative technical solution to address the difficulties created by a strict zero tolerance policy. To what extent this would be helpful will depend on the nature of the proposed solution.
Keywords: crop cultivation; GM; supply chain of commodity crops; Agricultural and Food Policy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations Track citations by RSS feed
Downloads: (external link)
http://purl.umn.edu/104659 (application/pdf)
Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Searchfor items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text
Access Statistics for this article
More articles in APSTRACT: Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce from  AGRIMBA
Series data maintained by AgEcon Search (aesearch@umn.edu).

For further details log on website :
http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/search.pf?kw=Biomass%20cultivation
at No comments:

Paddy Cultivation in Kerala

Author
Jayan Jose Thomas
Additional contact information
Journal, 2011, vol. 1, issue 2, pages 215-226
Keywords: cultivation; Minimum Support Prices; local institutions; Palakkad; Kerala (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations Track citations by RSS feed
Downloads: (external link)
http://ras.org.in/paddy_cultivation_in_kerala (text/html)
Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text
Access Statistics for this article
Journal is currently edited by July-December
More articles in Journal from  Review of Agrarian Studies
Series data maintained by Prof. VK Ramachandran (coordinator@ras.org.in).

For further details log on website :
http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/search.pf?kw=Biomass%20cultivation
at No comments:

An lnquiry into Cultivation of New-generation Farmers

Author
Dong-qing Kong and Fu-jun Liu
Asian Agricultural Research, 2012, vol. 04, issue 01

Abstract: This article expounds the necessity of the transformation from traditional farmers to modern new farmers, the building of new socialist countryside needs modern new farmers: the coordination of urban-rural integration development needs the transformation from traditional farmers to modern new farmers; the development of modern agriculture needs the transformation from traditional farmers to modern new farmers. then it analyses the characteristics and role of new-generation farmers, and presents the way to accelerate cultivation of new-generation farmers: make sound laws and regulations, to lay solid foundation for cultivation of new-generation farmers; create conditions, to provide funds guarantee for cultivation of new-generation farmers; make scientific planning, to promote regular, Systematized and Standardized training work for new-generation farmers; focus on education, to promote the overall quality of new-generation farmers; innovate upon content, to meet the needs of development of new-generation farmers; highlight focus, to intensify competitiveness training for returning-home migrant workers.
Keywords: New generation; New famers; Cultivation; Agribusiness (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations Track citations by RSS feed
Downloads: (external link)
http://purl.umn.edu/133101 (application/pdf)
Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Searchfor items with the same title.
Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text
Access Statistics for this article
Asian Agricultural Research is currently edited by January
More articles in Asian Agricultural Research from USA-China Science and Culture Media Corporation
Series data maintained by AgEcon Search (aesearch@umn.edu).

For further details log on website :
http://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/search.pf?kw=Biomass%20cultivation
at No comments:
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fasting for Runners

Author BY   ANDREA CESPEDES  Food is fuel, especially for serious runners who need a lot of energy. It may seem counterintuiti...