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Thursday, 23 March 2017

The adoption of farm level soil conservation practices in developed countries: a meta-analytic review

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Abstract: Many researchers have been investigating factors that influence farmers' adoption of soil conservation practices. This paper presents an exhaustive review of the empirical literature since 1980. It reviews and meta-analyses 69 empirical studies on the adoption of soil conservation practices. The main results prove disappointing for nation-wide policy arrangements, as there are almost no universal patterns to discover. In fact, variables that are since decades regarded as classic adoption of innovation variables actually converge to an insignificant influence. We list some of the methodological weaknesses of many past adoption studies, which may account for a significant proportion of insignificant results and inconsistency. We offer several suggestions for future adoption researchers and derive opportunities for policy makers.
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Proceedings of an international workshop held at the Forestry Training Centre, Gympie, Qld., Australia, 4-7 August 1986: Australian Acacias in Developing Countries

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Anonymous
Keywords: seed germination; acacia species; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy(search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 1986
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Proceedings of an international workshop held in Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia, 1-4 July 1991: Breeding Technologies for Tropical Acacias

Author
Anonymous and Kron M. Aken
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The economic impact of the invasion of Acacia saligna in Israel

Author
David Lehrer, Nir Becker (nbecker@telhai.ac.il) and Pua Bar

Abstract: This paper illustrates the use of alternative, non-market valuation methods to estimate the economic value of ecological damage caused by the invasive plant Acacia saligna. We discuss the motivation to perform an economic valuation for bio-invasion in general and then examine the costs and benefits of conservation management programmes that reduce the risk of A. saligna invasion at the Nizzanim Long-Term Ecosystem Research (LTER) nature reserve in Israel. The study found that the annual mean willingness to pay (WTP) for containment or eradication of A. saligna was US$8.41 and US$8.83, respectively. The value placed on conserving the nature reserve was then compared to the cost of containment or eradication of the species, enabling a standard economic benefit–cost analysis. The result of this analysis showed that, using the most conservative method of valuation of the nature reserve, eradication of A. saligna gave a net benefit.
Keywords: Acacia saligna; benefit–cost analysis; biodiversity; conservation planning; CVM; Mediterranean; non-market valuation; sand dunes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q24 Q51 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2010-11-28
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Published in International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 18.2(2011): pp. 118-127
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Early growth of invasive acacias as a potential biomass-for-energy source under Mediterranean conditions

Author
Marta Carneiro, Rita Moreira, Jorge Gominho, Francisco Abreu and António Fabião

Abstract: Most of the short rotation energy coppices used in Northern and Central Europe may be of limited value under Mediterranean climates. Abandoned acacia stands with an invasive behaviour, of environmental concern in many Mediterranean countries, may perform better as biomass producers under summer drought than those coppices. Seedlings of invasive Acacia dealbata, A. melanoxylon and A. pycnantha were planted to test for early growth performance under rain-fed and irrigated conditions. Rooted cuttings of an E. globulus clone were also established as a reference for biomass production. Plants were harvested after one year, sorted by biomass components and oven-dried. Above-ground dry weight was calculated on an area basis, accounting for survival. A. dealbata and A. melanoxylon showed low survival and biomass production, even irrigated, whereas A. pycnantha had better survival and growth performance than eucalypt, even in rain-fed plots, suggesting potential for the harvest of this drought-adapted species as a biomass source.
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Proceedings of an international workshop held in Bangkok, Thailand, 11-15 February 1991: Advances in Tropical Acacia Research

Anonymous
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EARLY GROWTH AND STAND VOLUME PRODUCTIVITY OF SELECTED CLONES OF Eucalyptus pellita

Author
Teguh Setyaji, Sri Sunarti, Arif Nirsatmanto

Abstract


Using current technologies, several forest plantation companies in Indonesia are pursuing clonal forestry program with E. pellita to increase plantation productivity using selected clones. This paper evaluates the early growth and stand volume productivity of  selected clones of  E. pellita as part of  a breeding program for pulpwood.  Two clonal trials of  E. pellitawere established in Central Java with two different plot configurations: single tree-plot and multiple tree-plot. Trial evaluation was done at two years age involving tree height, diameter, stem volume and stand volume. Result show that among the clones there were significant differences for all traits assessed. All of  the tested clones exceeded the control seedling of  F-1 generation by 9-50% for height, 10-36% for diameter and 22-137% for stem volume, respectively. Clonal repeatability ranged from 0.7-0.9, with corresponding individual ramet repeatability ranged from 0.2-0.4.  Overall stand volume productivity at given age reached 15 m³/ha.

Keywords


Eucalyptus pellita; clone; clonal forestry; growth; stand volume

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References


Borralho, N. M. G., Almeida, I. M., & Cotterill, P.P. (1992). Genetic control of young Eucalyptus globulus clone in Portugal. Silvae Genetica, 41(2), 100–105.
De Assis, T. F., Rezende, G. D. S. P., & Aguiar, A. M. (2012). Current status of breeding and deployment for clonal forestry with tropical eucalypt hybrids in Brazil. Retrieved November 24, 2014, from http://www.celsofoelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo2012
Falconer, D. S. (1989). Introduction to quantitative genetics (Longman Sc.). New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Gonçalves, P. D. S., Silva, M. D. A., Regina, L., Gouvêa, L., Borracha, E. P. D. E., & Hevea, E. M. (2006). Genetic variability for girth growth and rubber yield in Hevea brasiliensis. Science Agriculture, 3(June), 246–254. doi:10.1590/ S0103-90162006000300006
Gwaze, D. P., Bridgwater, F. E., & Lowe, W. J. (2000). Performance of interspecific F1 eucalypt hybrids in Zimbabwe. Forest Genetics, 7(4), 295–303.
Hardiyanto, E. B. (2010a). Advanced tree improvement (Lecture Module). Yogyakarta: Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University.
Hardiyanto, E. B. (2010b). Intensive silviculture practice in Indinesia. In A. Rimbawanto, F. Febrianto, & E. T. Komar (Eds.), Proceedings of International Seminar Researcher on Plantation Forest Management: Challenges and Opportunities. (pp. 33–38). Center for Plantation Forest Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia.
Hardiyanto, E. B., & Tridasa, A. M. (2000). Early performance. In Proceedings of QFRI/CRCSPF Symposium, Hybrid Breeding and Genetics of Forest Trees, 9-14 April 2000 (pp. 273–279).
Noosa. Queensland. Australia. Kartikaningtyas, D., & Yuliastuti, D. S. (2011). The Cutting technics of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. Informasi Teknis, 9(2). Yogyakarta: CFBTI.
Kien, N. D. (2009). Improvement of Eucalyptus plantation grown pulp production (Doctoral Thesis). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala Libby, W. J., & Ahuja, M. R. (1992). The genetics of clones. In M. R. Ahuja & W. J. Libby.(Eds.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Quaile, D. R. (1988). Early growth performance of selected mondi clones. In G. L. Gibson, A. R. Griffin, & A. C. Matheson (Eds.), Proceeding Conference on Breeding Tropical Trees: Population Structure and Genetic Improvement Strategies in Clonal and Seedling Forestry.
Rufi’ie, Prihatini, A., Subarudi, & Fatmawati, I. S. (2005). The improvement technology of Acacia mangium. In Proceeding of Acacia mangium research seminar (pp. 1 – 6). Bogor: The Center of Social and Forest Policy Research.
Sachs, R. M., Lee, C., Ripperda, J., & Woodward, R. (1988). Selection and clonal propagation of eucalyptus. California Agriculture, 5, 27–31.
Sunarti, S. (2013). Breeding strategy of Acacia hybrid (A. mangium x A. auriculiformis). Gadjah Mada University.
Sunarti, S., Setyaji, T., Nirsatmanto, A., & Kartikaningtyas, D. (2011). General information of clonal test establishment of Acacia hybrid (A. mangium x A. auriculiformis) and Eucalyptus pellita in Wonogiri, Central Java (Fiscal year 2011). Yogyakarta: FTIP.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2016.3.1.27-32

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BUTOXIDE AND SILVER NITRATE ON DEGRADATION PATHWAYS OF N-OCTADECANE BY Fusarium sp. F092

Author
Asep Hidayat, Sanro Tachibana

Abstract


The aliphatic fraction is usually the largest component in crude oil. Its removal from oil contaminated fields has become an environmental priority and been considered useful for enhancing recovery. Our previous studies reported the isolation of Fusarium sp. F092 based on the ability to degrade chrysene. It also could degrade crude oils and their aliphatics fractions. However, aliphatic degradative pathways in crude oil have not been clearly understood. The identification of aliphatic metabolite pathways using a representative compound n-octadecane was carried out in this study, as well as the effect of Piperonyl Butoxide (PB) and Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) on the degradation of n-octadecane and its metabolite. We determined that Fusarium sp. F092 had ability to break down n-Octadecane from about 125 to 13 mg L-1 after 60 days incubation. During degradation, several metabolite products could be detected and identified to form carboxylic acid groups. By the addition of PB and AgNO3, inhibitor of monooxgenase and dioxygenase enzymes, Fusarium sp. F092 had ability to convert n-octadecane to form alkyl hydroperoxides via terminal oxidation pathway with involving a dioxygenase

Keywords


n-Octadecane; Biodegradation pathway; Fusarium sp. F092

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References


Aoki, Y. (2001). Polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans as endocrine disrupters--what we have learned from Yushodisease. Environmental Research, 86(1), 2–11.
Atlas, R. M. (1981). Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: an environmental perspective. Microbiological Reviews, 45(1), 180–209.
Binazadeh, M., Karimi, I. A., & Li, Z. (2009). Fast biodegradation of long chain n-alkanes and crude oil at high concentrations with Rhodococcus sp. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 45(3), 195–202.
Broderick, J. B., & O’Halloran, T. V. (1991). Over production, purification, and characterization of chlorocatechol dioxygenase, a non-Heme iron dioxygenase with broad substrate tolerance. Biochemistry, 30(29), 7349–7358.
Bugg, T. D. H. (2003). Dioxygenase enzymes: catalytic mechanisms and chemical models. Tetrahedron, 59(36), 7075–7101.
Cerniglia, C. E. (1992). Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Biodegradation, 3, 351–368.
Das, N., & Chandran, P. (2011). Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants: An overview. Biotechnology Research International, 1–13.
Erdogan, E. E., & Karaca, A. (2011). Bioremediation of crude oil polluted soils. Asian Journal of Biotechnology, 3(3), 206–213. doi:10.3923/ajbkr.2011.206.213
Harayama, S., Kishira, H., Kasai, Y., & Shutsubo, K. (1999). Petroleum biodegradation in marine environments. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1(1), 63–70.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Ueno, A., Ito, H., Ito, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Yumoto, I., & Okuyama, H. (2007). Degradation of long-chain n-alkanes (C36 and C40) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain WatG. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 59(1), 40–43. doi:10.1016/j. ibiod.2006.07.010
Hidayat, A., & Tachibana, S. (2012). Biodegradation of aliphatic hydrocarbon in three types of crude oil by Fusarium sp. F092 under stress with artificial sea water. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5(1), 64–73. doi:10.3923/jest.2012.64.73
Hidayat, A., & Tachibana, S. (2013). Crude oil and n-octadecane degradation under saline conditions by Fusarium sp. F092. Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 6, 29–40.
Hidayat, A., Tachibana, S., & Itoh, K. (2012). Determination of chrysene degradation under saline conditions by Fusarium sp. F092, a fungus screened from nature. Fungal Biology, 116(6), 706–714. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2012.04.004.
Hogdson, E., & Levi, P. E. (1998). Interaction of piperonyl butoxide with cytochrome P450. In D. G. Jones (Ed.). Piperonyl butoxide, the insecticide synergist. (pp. 41–54). California: Academy Press.
Juhasz, A. L., & Naidu, R. (2000). Bioremediataion of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons : a review of the microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 45(1-2), 57–88. doi:10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00052-4
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2016.3.1.1-7

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Soil erosion, dissolved organic carbon and nutrient losses under different land use systems in a small catchment in northern Vietnam

Author
P. Jouquet, Thi Phuong Quynh Le, Thi Nguyet Minh Luu, Quoc Anh Ngo, D. Orange, Dinh Rinh Pham, Duc Toan Tran, Sy Hai Tran, Anh Duc Trinh, C. Valentin and E. Rochelle-Newall
Agricultural Water Management, 2014, vol. 146, issue C, pages 314-323

Abstract: The export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from agricultural soils can represent an important pathway of soil organic carbon loss. However, despite its importance in terrestrial and downstream aquatic ecosystems, most work has focused on temperate agrosystems with tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems being ignored. Here we present the results of a series of rain simulation experiments aimed at examining DOC export from sloping lands in North Vietnam. Three regularly used agricultural practices were tested and compared with Bare soils. We also compared the impact of leaf litter in two planted forest sites. We found high rates of DOC export (0.03–0.25gCm−2) during a 40min rain episode with the lowest rates observed in the Bare soils and the highest in the planted Forest without leaf litter. This is equivalent to a loss of between 0.001 and 0.008% of the total soil organic carbon in the upper 10cm during a single, intense rain event. This work highlights the impact of different agricultural practices (Bare soil, hoeing, mulching and fallow) and land use (planted Forest with or without leaf litter) on the export of DOC from upland, tropical soils and further underlines the importance of studying DOC fluxes from agricultural land as it represents an important and highly mobile component of ecosystem carbon fluxes.
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Rubber based Agroforestry Systems (RAS) as Alternatives for Rubber Monoculture System

Author
Meine Van Noordwijk and Eric Penot (penot@cirad.fr)
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Abstract: Smallholder rubber plantations in Indonesia, representing more than 80% of the total rubber areas, are very unique in the world. Most smallholder rubber areas are multi-strata in nature. Rubber is not the only perennial crop in that area, but also mixed with timber trees (forest re-growth), fruit trees, and different annual crops. Scientists identified these multistrata systems or called “Jungle Rubber” have multiple functions such as main income source for many farmers; keeping certain level of the forest biodiversity; Carbon sequestration; soil and water conservation. Many efforts have been done by the Indonesian Government to improve the productivity of jungle rubber through monocuture system such as Nucleolus Estate for Smallholding (NES); Project Management Unit (PMU); and Partial System. However, the rate of rubber replanting through those specific projects are too small compared to the total rubber areas in Indonesia. Taking into account the positive aspects of the Rubber Based Agroforestry Systems (RAS), ICRAF, CIRAD and IRRI worked jointly to implement various RAS systems in order to provide farmers better technological options for managing their farms. Results presented in this paper are collected from both on-station and on-farm research. At on-station, rubber planted at a double rows spacing (6m x 2m x 14m) with and without perennial intercrops was monitored and compared to that of the normal spacing (6mx3m). Rubber girth with double row spacing reached tappable size at five years after planting and similar to that planted with normal spacing. Rubber growth at the plot planted with Acacia mangium a very fast growing tree, at the same time with rubber, was very slow: a haft of that of the other treatments. If the fast growing trees are planted two years after rubber planting, then rubber growth is similar to that of normal spacing. Three types of RAS were tested at farmers' plots (RAS1, RAS2, and RAS3). The total number of participants is about 150 farmers, in 100 ha plots, distributed in Jambi, West Kalimantan, West Sumatra and South Sumatra. Results of clone comparison in RAS 1 type of trial (maintenance only on rubber rows) showed that rubber growth variability was more due to the variability of farmers' plots and frequencies of weeding. Rubber clones such as PB 260; RRIC 100 and BPM1 planted under RAS 1 can adapt the RAS conditions and can be tapped at 5-7 years after planting. These findings provide farmers alternatives to develop more environmentally friendly and divers systems in their farms, compared to that of monoculture system. This paper presents also various results related to more intensive RAS (RAS1 and RAS 3).
Keywords: Agroforestry; rubber; timber trees; Acacia mangium; Imperata cylindrica; RAS; Jambi; West Kalimantan; West Sumatra; South Sumatra (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2006
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Published in IRRDB annual conference, 2006, Ho-chi-minh city, Vietnam. 2006
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Fasting for Runners

Author BY   ANDREA CESPEDES  Food is fuel, especially for serious runners who need a lot of energy. It may seem counterintuiti...