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Tuesday, 28 March 2017

Timber concessions in Madre de Dios: Are they a good deal?

Author
Renzo Giudice, Britaldo S. Soares-Filho, Frank Merry, Hermann O. Rodrigues and Maria Bowman
Ecological Economics, 2012, vol. 77, issue C, pages 158-165

Abstract: This study contributes to the design of public policies for the forestry sector in Madre de Dios, Peru. We developed a timber rent model that estimates optimal stumpage fees and compared three scenarios of harvestable areas access versus two harvest methods to calculate potential revenues to the State. We found that current stumpage fees undervalue timber resources and thus provide windfall profits to loggers. Annual forest revenues to the State could be increased from US$1 million to a maximum annual average of US$23.4±1.4 million over a 20-year period if the fee structure suggested from our estimations were adopted. Similarly, we show that the spatial distribution of current fees encourages timber harvesting outside of timber concessions, in particular from Brazil-nut concessions, which compete with timber concessions to supply timber to markets. Our results suggest that timber harvesting should be limited to a maximum volume of 5m3/ha inside Brazil-nut concessions and that timber harvesting in all Madre de Dios could be increased by up to ~200% over the next 20years without threatening conservation areas. This would in turn provide additional revenues to the State that could be applied to better monitoring and forest management.
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Optimal Timber Harvesting for Wood Production and Wildlife Habitat

Author
John Kennedy and Kristin Jakobsson 
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Keywords: wood; production; timber EDIRC Provider-Institution: RePEc:edi:smlatau(search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 1993
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Input factor setback for national timber industry policy

Author
Noor Hazmira Merous (norainiz@frim.gov.my) and Ismariah Ahmad
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EAS Strategic Options, 2013, vol. 2013, issue 17, pages 14-15

Abstract: The timber industry covers activities at both upstream and downstream levels. Upstream activities are mainly concerned on sustainable forest management while downstream activities are either in the form of primary, secondary or tertiary operations. The Malaysian timber industry has grown from being a producer of logs to the manufacturer of primary and high value-added products such as wooden furniture in addition to sawntimber, plywood, veneer, and furniture builder?s joinery and carpentry (BJC).
Keywords: Malaysia; forest products; timber; market; trade; consumption; industry(search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2013
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Puan Rohana, EAS, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
rohanasr@frim.gov.my
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Quantifying the cost of excess market thickness in timber sale auctions

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International Journal of Industrial Organization, 2009, vol. 27, issue 5, pages 553-566

Abstract: In auctions with endogenous entry, theory predicts that too many potential bidders, or the excess market thickness, may actually decrease the seller's expected revenue and the social welfare generated by the auction. This paper proposes a computationally easy method for estimating the optimal number of potential bidders in timber sale auctions with endogenous entry and an uncertain number of active bidders and then quantifies the cost of excess market thickness. It is found that the welfare loss due to the excess market thickness is moderate in this market.
Keywords: Timber; auctions; Excess; market; thickness; Entry (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2009
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China as a Final Market: The Gabon Timber and Thai Cassava Value Chains

Author
Raphael Kaplinsky, Anne Terheggen and Julia Tijaja
World Development, 2011, vol. 39, issue 7, pages 1177-1190

Abstract: Summary Rapid economic growth in China has boosted its demand for commodities. In many commodities sectors, this has been associated with declining demand from high-income northern economies. This paper examines two hypotheses of the resulting outcomes for the organization of global value chains in general, and for the role played by low income producers in particular--the importance of standards in global value chains, and the space available for low income producers to upgrade into higher value niches in their chains. The detailed case-studies of the Thai cassava industry and the Gabon timber sector both confirm these hypotheses.
Keywords: value; chains; China; Thailand; Gabon; cassava; timber (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
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Sustainable Forestry: Timber Bequests, Future Generations and Optimal Tax Policy

Author
Markku Ollikainen (econ@helsinki.fi)
Environmental & Resource Economics, 1998, vol. 12, issue 3, pages 255-273

Abstract: This paper analyzes harvesting and timber bequest behavior in a two-period overlapping generations model where the government uses site productivity, yield and inheritance taxation. The ceteris paribus effects of forest and inheritance taxes are derived first, then the paper discusses the optimal design of forest and inheritance taxes by assuming that intergenerational externalities are either absent or operative. In the absence of intergenerational externalities, it is optimal to use only the site productivity tax, and not to introduce yield and inheritance taxes at all. In the presence of intergenerational externalities the situation changes. The paper demonstrates that the externality can be internalized by introducing either a yield tax or an inheritance subsidy, or both. If the government is able to use both at the same time, it is desirable to use the yield tax to 'punish' excessive harvesting and an inheritance subsidy to 'bribe' to give bequests. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 1998
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Taxation, Bequests, and Short and Long Run Timber Supplies: An Overlapping Generations Problem

Author
Gregroy Amacher (gamacher@vt.edu), Richard Brazee, Erkki Koskela and Markku Ollikainen
Environmental & Resource Economics, 1999, vol. 13, issue 3, pages 269-288

Abstract: This paper uses an overlapping generations model with one-sided altruism to study the effects of several forest taxes that target bequests and affect timber supply. Unlike previous work, we investigate bequests and timber supply in both the short and long run when bequests are costly (e.g., taxed). The landowner's problem is examined in the short run, while the government's problem is examined in the long run assuming the existence of a steady state. We also consider taxes targeting harvests, growth, savings and bequests. Several new results are established concerning the interactions of taxes that might be used by a government to alter short and long run forest capital stocks: (i) the presence of a forest bequest tax affects the neutrality of harvest tax in both the short and long run, (ii) in the long run the bequest tax decreases bequests and timber supplies. When the bequest tax is not present, the capital income tax is neutral with respect to bequest and timber supply, while the harvest tax is neutral only if forest productivity is also not taxed. Finally, (iii) in the short run, the substitution and total effects of taxes in landowner decisions generally depend on the presence of the bequest tax. The results have implications for Pigouvian tax design and second best tax choice. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 1999
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Efficient timber pricing and purchasing behavior in forest owners' associations

Author
Ståle Størdal
Journal of Forest Economics, 2004, vol. 10, issue 3, pages 135-147
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Timber price dynamics after a natural disaster: Hurricane Hugo revisited

Author
Henry W. Kinnucan
Journal of Forest Economics, 2016, vol. 25, issue C, pages 115-129
Abstract: Timber prices in the area struck by a natural disaster such as a hurricane or pest infestation are known to drop sharply immediately following the disaster, only to recover after about a year or so. Previous research attributes the rapid recovery to shifts in supply and demand curves. Our analysis suggests the more probable explanation is rotation in the curves. Supply and demand shifts come into play in the second and third years as rebuilding from the hurricane begins in earnest, and as timber inventory is rebuilt in response to elevated price expectations. But for the period in which price recovery occurs, model simulations based on data for Hurricane Hugo indicate the major causal factors of the observed price dynamics are curve rotation and trade with the surrounding undamaged region. Inventory-based supply shifts, the previously-identified causal factor, play a minor role in the observed price dynamics. Getting the causal factors right is important for predicting the price effects of forest inventory shocks, and for proper measurement of their welfare effects.
Keywords: Equilibrium displacement model; Hurricane Hugo; Le Chatelier's principle; Market integration; Timber price dynamics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C22 E30 Q23 R30 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
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Sustainable electricity generation from oil palm biomass wastes in Malaysia: An industry survey

Author
Mohd Shaharin Umar, Philip Jennings and Tania Urmee
Energy, 2014, vol. 67, issue C, pages 496-505

Abstract: The biomass wastes from the palm oil industry offer great potential for large-scale power generation in Malaysia. It has been estimated that 85.5% of available biomass in the country comes from oil palm agriculture. The introduction of the FiT (Feed-in Tariff) regime in 2011, which superseded the underperforming SREP (Small Renewable Energy Power) scheme, is expected to catalyse and accelerate the development of the renewable energy industry, including biomass technology. Despite a major overhaul of the market structure under the new scheme, the sustainability of the grid-connected oil palm biomass renewable energy industry downstream components remains questionable. Hence, this paper aims to investigate and analyse the market response to six sustainability-related topics. The research methods include electronic and conventional postal modes to disseminate questionnaires to all of the palm oil producers. The returned questionnaires were then analysed with a statistical tool and inferences were drawn to identify the gaps in the existing policy system. The survey identified several key factors for the government's consideration.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Fasting for Runners

Author BY   ANDREA CESPEDES  Food is fuel, especially for serious runners who need a lot of energy. It may seem counterintuiti...