Chainsaw milling: supplier to local markets, vol 52

Author

Marieke Wit, Jinke van Dam, Paolo Omar Cerutti, Guillaume Lescuyer, Rohini Kerrett, James Parker Mckeown, Nick Pasiecznik, Arthur W. Klassen, Agus Andrianto, Krystof Obidzinski, Heru Komarudin, Jean-Marc Roda (roda@cirad.fr), Patrick Langbour, Bayuni Shantiko (b.shantiko@gmail.com), Bernhard Mohns, Richard Laity, Rodney J. Keenan, Cossey Yosi Jim Grigoriou, Jan van der Ploeg, Charlotte Benneker, Richard Mancilla Terrazas, Rudy Guzman Gutierrez, Juan Carlos Camargo, Ruben Dario Moreno, Nelson Villota, Walter Palacios, Ulrich Malessa, Godfrey Marshall, Claus-Martin Eckelmann, Albert Gallion, Antony Simon, Barry Mahabir, Alfred Prosper, Alli Morgan, Lucio Brotto, Edouard Essiane Mendoula, Richard Eba’a Atyi, Robert Nasi, Yeboa Alexis Koffi, Wynet Smith, Victor Vundu dia Massamba, Joël B. Kiyulu N’yanga, Emmanuel Marfo, Jonathan D. Quartey, George M. Muthike, Douglas Shitanda, Christopher L. Kanali, Fred N. Muisu, Jangar S. Kamara, Edward S. Kamara, Letla Mosenene, Francis K. Odoom, Labode Popoola, Ekeoba Matthew Isikhuemen, Robert K. Kambugu, Abwoli Y. Banana, Geoffrey Odokonyero and Freerk Wiersum

in Selected Books from CIRAD, Forest department, UPR40

Abstract: Chainsaw milling, the on-site conversion of logs into lumber using chainsaws, is supplying a large proportion of local timber markets with cheap lumber. while it offers socio- economic opportunities to local people, it is very often associated with corruption and illegalities. regulating and controlling the practice is a challenge due to the mobility of these chainsaw milling operations. with this issue of ETFRN News, Tropenbos international, together with Cifor, wishes to contribute to the discussion on how to address the domestic timber trade effectively and equitably at international and national levels.

Keywords: forest; chainsaw; chainsaw milling; informal trade; illegal trade; undocumented trade; domestic trade (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L73 Q23 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2010
Edition: 1
ISBN: 978-90-5113-094-2
Note: 248
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Chapters in this book:

Ch 2.3 The chainsaw economy in Tanimbar archipelago, indonesia , pp 31-37 

Jean-Marc Roda, Patrick Langbour and Bayuni Shantiko

Ch 4.2 The chainsaw supply chain in cameroon: the northern trail , pp 129-137 

Patrick Langbour, Jean-Marc Roda and Yeboah Alexis Koffi

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Cambodia Feeding China's Expanding Demand for Wood Pulp, vol 1

Author

Jean-Marc Roda (roda@cirad.fr) and Santosh Sankarlal Rathi
Additional contact information

in Selected Books from CIRAD, Forest department, UPR40

Abstract: After decades of war, Cambodia is one of the world's poorest nations, its economy and its political life are still suffering from the civil war that racked the country during the latter part of the 20th century. Rice and rubber were traditionally the principal exports of Cambodia, but exports fell sharply after the onset of the civil War, which put most of the rubber plantations out of operation. By the 1990s, however, rubber plantings had been undertaken as part of a national recovery program, and rubber and rice were again being exported. The fishing industry has also somehow been revived, but some food shortages continue. From this period, the largest source of export income has been timber, until the Cambodian government set up a log export ban in 1995. With a rather limited national environment supporting the development of an internationally competitive wood processing industry, this industry sector has not benefited from this ban. Wood material exports have continued under a limited processed form, i.e. squared logs and thick boards. Up to now, no development of any wood pulp or chipping industry has been impossible in Cambodia. Additionally, in 2002, any logging activity has been suspended for any forest companies, until the approval of their new forest concessions. Some forest companies which had old logs (harvested before 2001) were still authorized to process them. Further, in 2003, a large portion of the territory (about 24%) was declared as protected area. The industrial growth of the country is now mainly sustained by the garment and tourism sectors. But until now, inadequate transportation hampers the development of national industries, except in some development pockets. This poor transportation is a major impediment for the development of pulp wood plantations or pulp and chipping industries in Cambodia.

Keywords: forest; tropical forest; pulp; paper; economy; Cambodia; trade; network; globalisation; China; forest economics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L73 Q23 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2006
Edition: 1
ISBN: 979-24-4675-3
Note: language = english, 32p, EC Asia Pro Eco Program, A Diagnostic Assessment of Plantation Development, Fiber Supply, and Impacts on Natural Forests in China and in the South East Asia Region
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Bosques para el Nuevo Milenio - BOSQUES QUE BENEFICIEN A LA GENTE Y SUSTENTEN LA NATURALEZA, vol 1

Author

René Alfaro, Carlos Bahamondez, John Beer, Bruce Campbell, José J. Campos, Liu Can, Benjamin Cashore, Carol Colfer, Jim Farrel, Mike Fullerton, Glenn Galloway, Denis Gautier, GLueCK Peter, Luis Gonz¡lez, Moraia Grau, Hartmut Holzknecht, Markku Kanninen, Peter Kanowski, Yemi Katerere, Sebastiao Kengen, Michael Kleine, Don Lee, Maxim Lobovikov, Martin Lorenz, Bastiaan Louman, Concepci”n Luj¡n, Gerardo Mery, Florencia Montagnini, John Parrotta, Charlie Pye-Smith, Hiroyasu Oka, Andreas Ottitsch, Jeremy Rayner, Jean-Marc Roda (roda@cirad.fr), SARAMƒKI Jussi, Jeffrey Sayer, SEPPƒLƒ Risto, Brad Stennes, Dietmar Stoian, Ilpo Tikkanen, Jorge Trevin, Heidi Vanhanen, Paul Vantomme, Martti Varmola, Jari Varjo, Sen Wang, Bill Wilsonand Jim Wood.

in Selected Books from CIRAD, Forest department, UPR40

Abstract: LAS MANERAS DE PERCIBIR Y USAR LOS BOSQUES HAN CAMBIADO DRAM¡TICAMENTE DURANTE LOS ⁄LTIMOS A—OS. YA NO SE CONSIDERA M¡S A LOS BOSQUES S”LO COMO UNA FUENTE DE MADERA, SINO COMO ECOSISTEMAS COMPLEJOS QUE SUSTENTAN LAS FORMAS DE VIDA HUMANA Y SUMINISTRAN UNA GAMA DE PRODUCTOS Y SERVICIOS AMBIENTALES. AHORA ES AMPLIAMENTE RECONOCIDO QUE LOS BOSQUES PUEDEN CONTRIBUIR AL DESARROLLO RURAL Y AYUDAN A ALIVIAR LA POBREZA.

Keywords: Forest; economics; livelihoods (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L73 Q23 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2005
Edition: 1
ISBN: 951-724-488-6
Note: language = spanish, 36p
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Atlas of wooden furniture industry in Jepara, Indonesia, vol 1

Author

Jean-Marc Roda (roda@cirad.fr), Philippe Cadène, Philippe Guizol, Levania Santoso and Achmad Uzair Fauzan
Additional contact information

in Selected Books from CIRAD, Forest department, UPR40

Abstract: In this document, we study the industrial district of Jepara, Indonesia. It is specialised in furniture production, for Indonesian consumption as well as for worldwide exports. We summarize the main features of the dynamics of the firms involved in the Jepara industrial complex with a quantitative analysis of flows among them, and between them and markets elsewhere. A specific method of spatial analysis was designed, and merged with existing methods for the analysis of forest production networks and social networks. This method allows to take into account and to accurately assess the number of very small workshops that cannot be evaluated by classical methods. We demonstrate that both the official statistics and the existing literature about Jepara considerably underestimate the extent of the wood industry and its activities. We present the results through synthesis maps. A total of 15 271 units of production have been identified, employing approximately 170 000 workers in Jepara. The activity generates considerable revenue: between 11 900 and 12 300 billion Rp/year of added value (about 1 billion euros/year), that is to say between 70 and 78 million Rp/worker/year. The district of Jepara consumes between 1.5 and 2.2 million m3/year of roundwood, and in other words, we found that the use of around 9 m3 of roundwood sustains one full-time employee for a year. The organisation of the production is typical of an industrial district, featuring a high level of intertwined relationships and subcontracting among highly specialised production units and a prevalence of small and very small units in various steps of the production rather than bigger, integrated units.

Keywords: Indonesia; Java; furniture; timber; industrial district; production network; manufacturing cluster; flexible specialisation; SME; teak; trade; furniture; forest products industries; teak; small businesses; location of production (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L73 Q23 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2007
Edition: 1
ISBN: 978-979-1412-13-1
Note: language = indonesian, 52p, EC project "Levelling the playing field", This document is jointly produced by the Centre de coopération international en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD) and Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). We thanks the surveyors for their hard work (Adi Nugroho, Budi Suprojo, Desti Wahyu Kurniawati, Dewi Azizah, Eko Agus Wibisono, Fajar Hery Purwanto, Fauziatul Iffah, Iwan Achmad Ambiya, Muhammad Maksalmina, Rini Puspita Sari, Wachid Nurhadi, Wuri Rahmawati), Maya Dina the field coordinator, Fitri Mulyana who check and clean up the database, and Rosita Go for secretarial support. We thank Peter Frost, who reviewed and provided useful advices to the manuscript, and the team from Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University whom have encouraged us in this effort. This paper would not have been issued without vigilantly work of Gideon Suharyanto and Eko Prianto, who did the layout and cover design. We thank the local district government of Jepara (Pemda Kabupaten Jepara) for supporting this work. Finally, we thank the European Union Commission, CIRAD and CIFOR for their financial support.
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Working Paper: Atlas of wooden furniture industry in Jepara, Indonesia (2007) 
Working Paper: Atlas of wooden furniture industry in Jepara, Indonesia (2007) 
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ATLAS INDUSTRI MEBEL KAYU DI JEPARA, INDONESIA, vol 1

Author

Jean-Marc Roda (roda@cirad.fr), Philippe Cadène, Philippe Guizol, Levania Santoso and Achmad Uzair Fauzan
Additional contact information

in Selected Books from CIRAD, Forest department, UPR40

Abstract: Dokumen ini merupakan kajian terhadap sentra industri di Kabupaten Jepara, Indonesia, yang mengkhususkan diri pada produksi mebel untuk dipasarkan dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Kami mengambil kesimpulan dari ciri-ciri utama dan dinamika yang terjadi pada berbagai perusahaan di Jepara dengan menggunakan analisis kuantitatif terhadap alur yang terjadi antara perusahaanperusahaan tersebut dan dengan pasar di tempat lain. Suatu metode analisis spasial telah dirancang khusus, dan digabungkan dengan metode lain yang sudah ada untuk menganalisa jaringan produksi hutan serta jaringan sosial. Metode tersebut memungkinkan adanya pertimbangan serta evaluasi yang lebih tepat dan akurat terhadap jumlah bengkel-bengkel kecil (lebih dikenal dengan sebutan "brak" atau workshop) yang tidak dapat dievaluasi dengan menggunakan metode-metode klasik. Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa statistik resmi dan berbagai tulisan yang sudah ada tentang Jepara selama ini ternyata memberikan taksiran yang terlalu rendah terhadap jangkauan industri kayu dan kegiatan di Jepara. Hasilnya disajikan melalui peta sintesis. Sebanyak 15.271 unit produksi telah diidentifikasi di Jepara, yang memperkerjakan sekitar 170.000 orang. Kegiatan tersebut menghasilkan pendapatan yang cukup besar, yaitu nilai tambah antara Rp 11.900 - 12.300 miliar/ tahun (sekitar Euro 1 miliar/tahun), atau Rp 70 - 78 juta/pekerja/tahun. Konsumsi kayu bulat di Kabupaten Jepara adalah sebesar 1,5 hingga 2,2 juta m≥/tahun, dengan kata lain, 9 m≥ kayu bulat dapat menyokong pekerjaan 1 pekerja tetap selama satu tahun. Penataan produksi di daerah ini sama seperti di sentra industri lainnya, di mana hubungan dan sistem sub kontrak antara sesama unit produksi serta tingkat spesialisasi tergolong tinggi, dan unit ukuran kecil dan sangat kecil menjadi cukup dominan dalam berbagai tahap produksi dibandingkan dengan unit terpadu yang lebih besar.

Keywords: Indonesia; Jawa; mebel; kayu; sentra industri; jaringan produksi; daerah klaster manufaktur; spesialisasi yang fleksibel; UKM; jati; dagang (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L73 Q23 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2007
Edition: 1
ISBN: 978-979-1412-13-1
Note: language = indonesian, 54p, EC project "Levelling the playing field", CABI thesaurus: 1. furniture 2. forest products industries 3. teak 4. small businesses 5. location of production, Buku ini dibuat bersama oleh Centre de coopération international en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD) dan Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). Kami berterima kasih kepada para pendata atas kerja keras mereka (Adi Nugroho, Budi Suprojo, Desti Wahyu Kurniawati, Dewi Azizah, Eko Agus Wibisono, Fajar Hery Purwanto, Fauziatul Iffah, Iwan Achmad Ambiya, Muhammad Maksalmina, Rini Puspita Sari, Wachid Nurhadi, Wuri Rahmawati), Maya Dina ñ koordinator lapangan, Fitri Mulyana ñ yang merapihkan dan memeriksa data base, dan Rosita Go ñ sekretaris. Kami juga berterima kasih kepada Peter Frost, yang memeriksa dan memberikan masukan yang berguna untuk buku ini, dan kepada tim Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Gadjah Mada yang telah memberikan dukungan dalam penelitian ini. Buku ini tidak akan tercetak tanpa ketelitian yang luar biasa dari Gideon Suharyanto dan Eko Prianto ñ yang memformat dan mendesain sampul buku. Kami berterima kasih kepada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Jepara untuk bantuan mereka, dan kepada Komisi Uni Eropa, CIRAD, dan CIFOR untuk bantuan dana.
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List of Foods for Those Allergic to Nightshade

Author
by ELLEN DOUGLAS

Overview

Eliminating foods in the nightshade family may provide pain relief for arthritis sufferers. Research suggests that some people may be sensitive to the alkaloids found in nightshade, or Solanaceae, foods. Along with joint pain, the nightshade foods may cause muscle spasms and digestive upset. Common foods in the nightshade include potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, hot peppers, eggplants, pimentos, huckleberries, tomatillos, paprika, ground cayenne pepper and hot sauce. You may find some common substitutes for the nightshade foods helpful.

Root Vegetables

Sweet potatoes. Photo Credit Elena Schweitzer/iStock/Getty Images

Perhaps the most obvious nightshade substitutes, sweet potatoes and yams offer many of the same flavor and texture characteristics of the white potato, yet none of the nightshade-allergen problems. Prepare sweet potato fries or chips instead of the traditional white potato versions, or serve sweet potatoes or yams mashed, whipped or roasted. Other root vegetables which may remind you of starchy white vegetables include winter squash, turnips, parsnips and rutabagas.

Cauliflower

Cauliflower. Photo Credit Medioimages/Photodisc/Photodisc/Getty Images

Substitute mashed or roasted cauliflower for potatoes. While raw or boiled segments of cauliflower certainly don’t evoke the hearty potato, mashing well-cooked cauliflower with low-fat butter and milk yields a texture surprisingly similar to the real thing. Roasting cauliflower pieces in a 400 degree oven for 15 minutes caramelizes the vegetable, bringing out its more flavorful, rustic qualities.

Celery

Celery. Photo Credit Medioimages/Photodisc/Photodisc/Getty Images

Celery delivers the color, crispness and crunch that fresh green peppers often bring to a dish. While they’re not in the same hot flavor family as peppers, celery pieces may work well in dishes like salads that rely on cool, crunchy foods. Similarly, celery and green peppers often pair as bases for soups and stews. Double the amount of celery you use, perhaps adding black pepper to boost the spice level.

Radishes

Radish bunch. Photo Credit PhotoObjects.net/PhotoObjects.net/Getty Images

Like celery, radishes bring a crunchy texture to uncooked dishes. They have a taste often described as “peppery,” which makes them an obvious bell or hot pepper substitution. While many people think of radishes as solely a salad food, the vegetables also roast or boil well.

Fresh Fruit

Consider grapes as an alternative fruit. Photo Credit Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images

To add color and vitamins to your fresh salads and sandwich wraps in place of tomatoes, consider adding grapes, strawberries, orange slices or melon. While you may recoil at adding sweet foods to non-dessert dishes, remember that tomato itself is a fruit often celebrated for its sweet flavor.

Mushrooms

Shiitake mushroom. Photo Credit Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images

Use large mushrooms like shiitake or Portobello to deliver the same “meaty” texture that eggplant brings to vegetarian lasagnas, breaded dishes and shish-kabob.

Spices

Assorted spices. Photo Credit Visage/Stockbyte/Getty Images

Use black and white ground pepper in place of ground red pepper, or to spice up vegetables taking the place of bell or hot peppers. Cumin, tumeric and other members of the hot/pungent spice family may make suitable substitutes for cayenne and paprika.

Alternative Pasta Sauces

Experiment with Olive Oil. Photo Credit Angel Luis Simon Martin/iStock/Getty Images

Many people miss tomato-based spaghetti when they begin eliminating nightshades from their diet. Experiment with simple sauces of olive oil, onions, olives, garlic and wine. Alfredo sauce is dairy-based rather tomato-reliant; using low-fat cream and cheese in the recipe makes the sauce more heart-healthy. For a similar texture and color to traditional tomato sauce, cook vitamin-rich pumpkin sauce. Combine pureed pumpkin, broth, cream or dairy-free substitute and the herbs and spices of your choice. Simmer for at least five minutes before spooning over cooked pasta.

Blueberries

Blueberries. Photo Credit Goodshoot/Goodshoot/Getty Images

Replace huckleberries with the more familiar blueberries in dessert, syrup and jam recipes. In some parts of the country huckleberries are more accessible than blueberries, but the extra cost may be worth it to those with nightshade allergies.

For further information log on website :
http://www.livestrong.com/article/265055-list-of-foods-for-those-allergic-to-nightshade/

What Are the Benefits of Curry Leaves?

Author
by JESSICA HENDRICKS 

Curry leaves, which look similar to bay leaves with their dark green color, are commonly used in Indian and Asian cooking. Usually, they are used in combination with other ingredients and rarely consumed on their own. Whole leaves are not the same as curry powder, which is actually a blend of spices. Most often sold dried, curry leaves may have a number of health benefits.

Oxidative Stress Study

An animal study published in “Chemico-Biological Interactions” in 2007 concluded that extracts from curry leaves reduce oxidative stress, especially in the pancreas. High levels of oxidative stress can damage tissues, and are often an indicator of arthritis, atherosclerosis and diabetes. Curry leaf extract, when consumed regularly, helps to prevent and reverse the damage done by oxidative stress in the pancreas of diabetic rats. This extract was determined to be similar to glibenclamide, which is used to treat hypoglycemia, but human studies are needed.

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Potential Anti-Carcinogen

In a study published in “Plant Foods For Human Nutrition" in 2000, researchers found that curry leaves are naturally high in antioxidants. These are substances that help protect cells from damage or death as a result of exposure to free radicals or toxins. This animal study found that curry leaf extract helped reduce the effects of dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride, a known carcinogen. However, further research, on humans and on other carcinogens, is required.

Anti-Inflammatory Benefits

Scientists published a study in the “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research" in 2009 in which curry leaves were shown to have powerful anti-inflammatory abilities. This study found that curry leaf extract significantly reduces swelling in rats induced with cancer. The extract also greatly reduces the number and weight of tumors. The study was conducted over a period of 16 days, and while promising, long-term study on humans is needed.

Nutritional Content and Use

Curry leaves contain trace amounts of a number of vitamins and minerals, including B vitamins and vitamin A. It is also a source of protein, amino acids and alkaloids. Because curry leaves are used in small quantities and in tandem with other ingredients, such as vegetables, meat and legumes, its nutritional role in a finished dish is slight. The leaves are used most often for seasoning oils, soups or stews.

For further information log on website :
http://www.livestrong.com/article/283292-what-are-the-benefits-of-curry-leaves/

What Is the Difference Between Curry Powder & Garam Masala?

Author
by ELLEN DOUGLAS 

Red-hued garam masala and vivid yellow curry powder contribute more than color to food. They also carry a hint of India, as well as other Eastern ports of call. Use a garam masala blend to spice up creamy carrot or winter squash soups and sauces, or to shake over cooked vegetables and dried legumes, such as chickpeas and lentils. Curry powder can be used in Indian or other Asian curries, of course, as well as sprinkled over roasted root vegetables and stirred into yogurt sauces.

Grasping Garam Masala

Also known as Indian sweet spice or hot spice, garam masala is a reddish blend of spices crucial to northern Indian cooking. Garam masala combines spices that Western cooks tend to think of as belonging in separate categories, such as "sweet" nutmeg and cinnamon along with "savory" coriander and cumin. Because some of the ingredients turn bitter after prolonged cooking, garam masala is best added toward the end of preparation, or even after the food has come off the burner.

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Grinding Garam Masala

A typical garam masala blend calls for 5 parts coriander, 4 parts cumin, 2 parts each black pepper and cardamon, and 1 part each cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg. If possible, buy whole versions of some or all of the spices. Dry-toast whole spices, with the exception of nutmeg, in a skillet over medium-low heat until some of the spices start to darken, then let them cool. Grind them, with the nutmeg and any other powdered spice, in a spice or coffee bean grinder, and store in an airtight container.

Comprehending Curry Powder

Like garam masala, curry powder contains powdered, or ground, spice. Its hue tends toward the yellow-orange part of the color spectrum, owing largely to the turmeric in the blend. Other powdered spices commonly found in curry powder include chili, fenugreek, cardamon, cumin and coriander, as well as saffron and mace. Add curry powder during the early stages of cooking to prevent bitterness. It's especially effective when added to sauteed aromatics such as onions and garlic.

Creating Curry Powder

To create your own curry powder blend, start by dry-roasting 6 parts each dried chili pepper, fennel and coriander, plus 2 parts cumin. Cook them in a skillet over medium-low heat until some of the seeds start to pop, which takes about 3 minutes. Once the roasted mixture cools, the blend goes into a coffee bean grinder or spice mill along with 2 parts white pepper and mace and and 1 part turmeric. Grind to a powder, store in an airtight container, and ideally use within one week.

For further information log on website :
http://www.livestrong.com/article/412623-what-is-the-difference-between-curry-powder-garam-masala/