Rheological consideration in fracture of wood in lateral tension

Published Date
April 2016, Volume 62, Issue 2, pp 138–145

Author

• Yuka Miyoshi
• Yuzo Furuta

Original article

First Online: 

09 February 2016

Abstract

For the purpose of elucidating the effect of rheological property of wood on lateral tensile fracture, failure strain, elastic modulus, and creep at various temperature conditions were measured. And, relationship between the degree of softening or fluidity and lateral tensile failure strain was examined. To discuss the fracture mechanism from the results of the failure strains, broken specimens were observed and each appearance ratio of fractures in different tissue was calculated. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Failure strains were reduced in the temperature from 80 to 95 °C, because the weakest parts as a starting point of fracture changed in all of the specimens and the weakest parts for fractures were increased with temperature rise. (2) The effects of softening of wood are important for increasing failure strains up to the temperature range in which the fracture mechanism changes. (3) Creep deformation, that is, fluidity was included in the wood deformation process, and the fluidity had different characteristics dependent on the anatomical characteristics. It also became clear that the creep deformation measured in the load range of this study did not affect the increase in failure strain significantly.

Keywords

Rheology Failure strain Elastic compliance Creep compliance Fracture surface 

References

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For further details log on website :
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10086-016-1538-7

Do Raisins Make You Fat?

Author
by WILLIAM MCCOY

A small box of raisins makes for an ideal snack at home or at work when you need a sweet treat to get you through the afternoon. Although raisins are high in calories, they won't automatically lead to fat gain. If you eat this dried fruit excessively, however, it might put your body into a caloric excess, in which case you'll gain weight.

Weight Gain Can Be Subtle

Gaining fat is dependent on the relationship between the calories your body takes in and those it burns during exercise and other everyday activities. No type of food will automatically make you fat, but if a food's high caloric value increases your day's caloric intake beyond your caloric burn, weight gain is the result. Because 1 pound of fat is made of 3,500 calories, you aren't likely to see instant fat gain. For example, if your caloric intake exceeds your caloric burn by 100 calories per day, it would take 35 days to gain 1 pound of fat.

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Be Wary of Calories in Raisins

Eating a diet low in calories, coupled with exercising, can keep your body in a caloric balance or caloric deficit, which will lead you to maintain or lose weight, respectively. A single serving of raisins doesn't take long to eat, but its high caloric value might be problematic. A 1.5-ounce box of raisins, for example, has 129 calories. If your recommended daily caloric intake is 1,800 calories and you have a sedentary lifestyle, the 100-plus calories in the box of raisins makes up a significant part of your caloric allotment. In this case, the raisins could play a role in you getting fat, especially if you eat multiple servings.

Raisins for Diabetics

Although eating too many raisins might increase your probability of gaining weight, a small serving of this source of natural sugars and complex carbs is often ideal for people with diabetes. When your blood sugar is low, the University of Michigan Comprehensive Diabetes Center recommends eating something sweet, such as raisins. Don't overdo it, however. Two tablespoons of raisins provides about 15 grams of carbs and might be enough to reduce the symptoms of low blood sugar.

Pair Raisins With Exercise

If you love the taste of raisins and want to include them in your diet, give yourself peace of mind by committing to some regular exercise. Physical activity should already be a part of your day, but you can offset the 100 or so calories you consume when you eat a small box of raisins by burning at least 100 calories during something physical. Doing so won't take long; a 30-minute walk for someone who weighs 155 pounds will more than offset the raisins' calories.

For further information log on website :
http://www.livestrong.com/article/489173-do-raisins-make-you-fat/

Should Diabetics Not Eat Raisins or Dried Dates?

Author
by ELLEN DOUGLAS 

According to the American Diabetes Association, the myth that people with diabetes need to avoid all fruits is a persistent one. Although naturally sweet fruits do contain more carbohydrates than non-starchy vegetables, fruits also provide the fiber, minerals and vitamins you need to stay healthy. If you choose super-sweet fruits like raisins or dates, however, portion control is crucial. Consider using small amounts of chopped dates or raisins to accent a baked dessert or even a savory main course, rather than making these sugary treats the main ingredient of a meal or snack.

General Guidelines

Cup of melon Photo Credit thodonal/iStock/Getty Images

In general, people with diabetes should aim for fruit servings that don’t exceed 15 grams of carbohydrates. For that reason, you can usually eat more juicy fresh fruit than concentrated sweet treats like dates and raisins, which are higher in calories and carbs. For example, 3/4 to 1 cup of melon is equal to 1 serving, while you’ll need to restrict yourself to 2 tbsp. raisins or 3 dates to avoid having too many carbs or calories.

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Raisins

Cup of raisins Photo Credit Virynja/iStock/Getty Images

A 1 cup serving of seedless raisings contain almost 500 calories and 100 g sugar. They also have 131 g carbohydrates. Nutritional benefits include 24 percent DV for dietary fiber, and at least 10 percent of the DV for iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, manganese and several B vitamins.

Dates

Cup of chopped dates Photo Credit sarahdoow/iStock/Getty Images

A 1 cup of serving of chopped dates contains 415 calories and almost 95 g sugar, as well as 110 g carbohydrates. On the plus side, dates contribute almost half of your daily fiber needs. They also provide at least 10 percent of your DV for magnesium, potassium, manganese, copper and vitamin B-6.

Comparisons to Fresh Fruit

Watermelon Photo Credit utah778/iStock/Getty Images

Because they have naturally concentrated sugars and a low water content, raisins and dates are much higher in sugar, calories and carbohydrates than most other fruits, especially the juicier varieties. Compared to the 15 to 20 percent water content of dates and raisins, fresh berries and watermelon are 85 to 90 percent water. In consequence, each cup of watermelon, strawberries or blueberries is between 45 to 85 calories and 11 to 21 g carbohydrates, with a sugar count of between 7 and 15 g. In other words, fresh fruit contains only about 15 percent of the calories and sugar, and 10 percent of the carbohydrates, that dried fruit has. Depending on the variety, fresh fruits like berries and watermelon are also high in nutrients, especially vitamin A, vitamin C and manganese.

For further information log on website :
http://www.livestrong.com/article/502516-should-diabetics-not-eat-raisins-or-dried-dates/

Guest Post #2 ~ Ayam Masak Merah

Guest Post #2 ~ Ayam Masak Merah

Lisa Ho  8:17:00 AM



I guess the best way to describe Ayam Masak Merah would be ~ Fried Chicken cooked in rich-creamy Spicy-Tomato sauce. 

Mentioned Ayam Masak Merah to a Kedahan (Kedah is a state in the far North of Malaysia),  would immediately evoke memories of ‘Traditional Malay Weddings’ and perhaps Hari Raya / Eid Celebration. 

Yes… Ayam Masak Merah is not an everyday affair in a typical household in Kedah. It is a unique dish to be enjoyed on special occasions… served with Nasi Minyak / Savoury Rice, fresh salad of cucumber, pineapple, cut-up chillies and red onions.

Ayam Masak Merah has unique flavours, the taste is beautiful and unforgettable although it shares some basic similar spices (cinnamon, cloves, star anise and chillies) to Chicken Curry. It is distinctively different, be it in the texture of the chicken or the tantalizing flavours in the sauce.

The chicken pieces are rubbed in with turmeric and salt and are deep fried till golden in colour.Deep frying seals the juice as well as it gives the chicken pieces, a firmer texture to every bite. The pieces are then added to the simmering sauce. This gives the chicken, its rich flavour, with its subtle heat from the chillies, sweet and sour-ish taste from the tomato soup combine with creaminess from coconut milk.

Moslems in Malaysia and around the world will be celebrating Hari Raya Aidil Fitri,/ Eid Mubarak soon, perhaps Ayam Masak Merah could be one of the dish that you might want to cook and join in the Celebration.

The recipe for Ayam Masak Merah courtesy from my sister... who happened to be a great cook.

I am submitting this to Suresh Chong of 3 Hungry Tummies for the Muhibbah Malaysia Monday..

Eid Mubarak …

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For further information log on website :
http://www.mykeuken.com/2011/08/guest-post-ayam-masak-merah.html