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Monday 29 August 2016

Lipton Tea Health Benefits

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Lipton Tea Health Benefits
A teapot pouring a cup of tea. Photo Credit DAJ/amana images/Getty Images
If you enjoy a cup of Lipton tea, you probably like its flavor and aroma and might drink it at breakfast or use it as a daytime pick-me-up. But in addition to its value as a beverage, tea may also have significant health benefits. Tea's natural compounds, which belong to a class of phytonutrients called flavonoids, may help keep you healthy and lower your risk of several potentially serious chronic conditions.

Antioxidant Components

The leaves of a plant (Camellia sinensis) are used to make most teas, including those produced under the Lipton brand. White and green teas contain fresh, unrolled leaves, while leaves in black tea are first rolled and broken before drying. Because of this difference, compounds in white, green and black teas are also somewhat different. But all contain flavonoids, including theaflavins and catechins, which are in black and green tea, respectively. They are both potent antioxidants, according to a study published in the September 2001 issue of the "Journal of Nutrition." Antioxidants help protect your body from free radicals, unstable molecules that form in your body and, over time, can raise your risk of cancer, heart disease and other disorders.

Cardiovascular Benefits

Research suggests that consuming tea may benefit your heart and blood vessels, potentially reducing your risk of heart disease and stroke. For example, a study published in the March 2013 issue of "Annals of Epidemiology" that followed almost 75,000 men and women for 10 years found that daily consumption of 4 or more cups of black tea was associated with a lower the risk of stroke. Drinking tea might also help relax blood vessels, widening them and helping reduce blood pressure, and it could also lower your risk of atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, according to other research studies. Although research in this area is promising, large clinical trials are still needed to confirm these benefits.

Cancer Prevention

Research also suggests that compounds in white, green or black Lipton tea might help protect you from carcinogenic chemicals and suppress or prevent the growth of cancer. Although much of this research has been done in the laboratory, several studies with human subjects produced promising results. For example, a large study published in 2002 in "Cancer Causes and Control" studied 34,000 women for 12 years. It found that those whose diet was rich in tea catechins had significantly less rectal cancer than controls, while stomach, pancreatic and blood cancers also tended to be reduced, although this wasn't statistically significant. Another study published in 2013 in "Nutrition and Cancer" found a similar association between green tea drinking and lower rates of esophageal cancer.

The Bottom Line

Drinking Lipton tea regularly might have additional benefits, including boosting your memory and cognition, promoting weight loss, helping control blood sugar and reducing your risk of type-2 diabetes, supporting your immune system and improving your oral health, although research is still in progress in all these areas. But tea also contains caffeine, which can affect your ability to fall asleep or make you jittery or shaky, especially if you drink lots of tea. You can avoid these possible problems by choosing decaffeinated varieties of Lipton tea, but keep in mind that decaffeination removes some of the flavonoids, with the amount depending on the process used. If you have questions about drinking tea and its possible benefits, talk to your doctor.
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Sunfleck Contribution to Leaf Carbon Gain in Gap and Understory Tree Seedlings of Shorea macrophylla

Title 

Sunfleck Contribution to Leaf Carbon Gain in Gap and Understory Tree Seedlings of Shorea macrophylla

  • Author 
  • Yanhong Tang
  • Toshinori Okuda
  • Muhamad Awang
  • Abd Rahim Nik
  • Makoto Tani

  • Abstract 
  • Dynamic gas exchange in response to sunflecks has been studied extensively through laboratory experiments and by modeling. However, model estimates of photosynthetic changes in response to sunflecks vary widely depending on the local light environment and on species-specific differences. Moreover, it remains unclear how much sunflecks contribute to leaf carbon gain in natural forests because of a lack of field measurements of dynamic photosynthetic responses. Since sunflecks may increase photosynthetic carbon gain by providing photosynthetic energy and by decreasing limitations on the induction of photosynthesis, we hypothesized that a large proportion of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) received from sunflecks would increase the proportion of carbon gain contributed by sunfleck PPFD. We measured dynamic changes in photosynthesis of Shorea macrophylla tree seedlings experimentaly planted under a canopy gap microsite and under the forest canopy in the Pasoh Forest Reserve (Pasoh FR) of Malaysia. The total proportion of daily leaf carbon gain that resulted from sunfleck utilization varied from 26% to 83%, depending on the microsite, during 7 days of measurements. Sunfleck utilization efficiency decreased with increasing threshold values for sunfleck PPFD. The results indicated that total daily carbon gain was closely related to total daily PPFD and total sunfleck PPFD, but was weakly related to diffuse background PPFD.


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Gas Exchange and Turgor Maintenance of Tropical Tree Species in Pasoh Forest Reserve

Title

Gas Exchange and Turgor Maintenance of Tropical Tree Species in Pasoh Forest Reserve


Author 
  • Yoosuke Matsumoto
  • Yutaka Maruyama
  • Akira Uemura
  • Hidetoshi Shigenaga
  • Shiro Okuda
  • Hisanori Harayama
  • Satoko Kawarasaki
  • Ang Lai Hoe
  • Son Kheong Yap

  • Abstract 
  • Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gw), water use efficiency (WUE), and osmotic potential (ψ s0) were studied for 46 tropical tree species, including 24 tree species found in Pasoh Forest Reserve, in order to clarify their ecophysiological traits. The maximum value of Pn (Pnmax) varied from 2.5 to 24.2µmolCO2 m-2s-1 with an average of 9.1µmolCO2 m-2 s-1. The maximum value of Gw (Gwmax) varied from 30 to 1,300 molH2O m-2 s-1 with an average of 340 mmolH2O m-2 s-1. These values were relatively low compared to those of temperate tree species. Intrinsic water-use efficiency (IWUE, Pnmax/Gwmax) of the tropical species was also relatively low compared to the temperate tree species. ψ s0 of the tropical species was relatively high (less negative) compared to the temperate tree species, suggesting that the capacity of leaves to maintain positive turgor is relatively low in the tropical species. The lower photosynthetic rate in the tropical species was due not only to lower stomatal conductance, but also to lower photosynthetic efficiency, compared to the temperate species. The rapid growth of tropical tree species may be due to favorable environmental factors such as relatively constant temperature and moisture levels, which permit photosynthesis all the year-round.

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    Leaf Physiological Adjustments to Changing Lights: Partitioning the Heterogeneous Resources across Tree Species

    Author

    • Atsushi Ishida
    • Akira Uemura
    • Naoko Yamashita
    • Michiru Shimizu
    • Takashi Nakano
    • Ang Lai Hoe

    Abstract

    Rain forest trees with various light requirements exhibit a high variation in their physiology and morphology as they encounter contrasting light environments, contributing to higher leaf carbon gain in each environment. A desire to understand the species-specific variations of capturing and using of light resources in terms of photosynthetic processes provides the setting for this chapter. Both niche partitioning and chance effects in the distribution of tropical trees are widely recognized. The objective of this chapter is to clarify tree responses at the single leaf and whole plant levels for the spatial and temporal changes of lights, providing an improved background of ideas on rain forest dynamics and coexistence and an improved plan for the sustainable forest management and conservation. Recent evidences that the ecophysiological adjustments of plant to changing lights influence replacement success under the changing environments and tropical forest dynamics, are reviewed briefly.

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    http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-4-431-67008-7_16

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