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Sunday 2 April 2017

Reforestation policy integration by the multiple sectors toward forest transition in the Republic of Korea

Author
Mi Sun Park and Yeo-Chang Youn
Forest Policy and Economics, 2017, vol. 76, issue C, pages 45-55

Abstract: The Republic of Korea (ROK) started to experience forest transition in the 1960s in spite of severe deforestation and forest degradation by the mid 1950s. This ROK case followed the state policy pathway to forest transition. This study interpreted the reforestation policy of the multiple sectors in ROK with the theory of environmental policy integration. ROK has attempted an integrated policy program for reforestation, land management and social development as an innovative approach to solving the problem of flood and erosion due to deforestation while pursuing economic growth. This integrated approach to reforestation of ROK was implemented in three pillars of action: 1) coordinated national plans, 2) collaboration among the governmental branches, and 3) organizational reformation. The integrative approach helped the reforestation policy to be implemented successfully. The case of policy integration for reforestation in ROK is a good example demonstrating that policy integration should be a principle of forest policy design and implementation. The Korean experience could be informative to developing countries experiencing deforestation for design and implementation of forest policy to avoid deforestation and achieve forest transition.
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Assessment of bio-physical, social and economic drivers for forest transition in Asia-Pacific region

Author
Jawaid AshrafRajiv Pandey and Wil de Jong
Forest Policy and Economics, 2017, vol. 76, issue C, pages 35-44

Abstract: Forest transition (FT) has taken place in many developing countries in recent decades. Analysis of developing countries FT is mostly based on case studies and exploring a limited set of drivers that result in forest cover change. This paper attempts to identify and explain trends in forest cover change across nine countries of the Asia Pacific based on panel data of a period of over 50years (1962–2011). We used discriminant analysis to identify relationships between bio-physical variables (forest cover area and land under cultivation) and socioeconomic variables (GDP, assets and infrastructure), and the transition status (transition vs. no transition) of the countries. The results show a net increase in forest cover in China, India (with consistent increase in the area of agricultural land in both), Philippines and Vietnam; and a decrease in Indonesia, Laos, and Malaysia (with a consistent decrease in the area of agricultural land). They also show a decrease of forest cover and area of agricultural land in both Japan and South Korea. The discriminant analysis results suggest that FT is linked to variation in area of agricultural land (Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam), livestock population (China, Indonesia, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia), urban population (India, Laos, Philippines, Vietnam), cereal production (Indonesia, Japan, Philippines), and area of arable land (China and Japan). The results concur with FT predictions of forest cover change in relation to bio-physical and socioeconomic dynamics, with heterogeneity in rates of change across the nine countries. The results have implications for existing FT models. We conclude that there is opportunity for a refinement of analyses and explanations of FT by considering the effect of precise bio-physical and socioeconomic drivers.
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Comparative study of the forest transition pathways of nine Asia-Pacific countries

Author
Jinlong LiuMing LiangLingchao LiHexing Long and Wil De Jong
Forest Policy and Economics, 2017, vol. 76, issue C, pages 25-34

Abstract: Forest transition (FT) over the last three decades has attracted much academic attention. In this paper we present a comparative study of FT to assess regional variety in nine countries in Asia: China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Laos and Vietnam, using data covering the years 1960–2010. This study's examination of changes in forest area demonstrates that Korea and Japan achieved FT before the 1980s, and that China, Vietnam, India and the Philippines achieved FT more recently, while Indonesia, Malaysia and Laos still experience forest cover decline. Economic development pathway and state forest policy pathway are most common in these nine countries. The globalization pathway is also found to contribute to FT, primarily in countries that are net importers of forest products. The land use intensification pathway is not identified in any of the nine countries. This study also observed that four countries (China, Vietnam, India and the Philippines) tend to achieve FT at relatively low income levels, which may point to the significance of state intervention in the region's countries via forest protection laws, national forest planning and afforestation programs.
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Conditions of forest transition in Asian countries

Author
Yeo-Chang YounJunyeong ChoiWil de JongJinlong LiuMi Sun ParkLeni D. CamachoSatoshi TachibanaNguyen Din HuudungPadam Parkash BhojvaidEllyn K. DamayantiPhongxiong Wanneng and Mohd Shawahid Othman
Forest Policy and Economics, 2017, vol. 76, issue C, pages 14-24

Abstract: This study identifies the important factors that contribute to or inhibit forest transitions in nine Asian countries: China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Philippines, and Vietnam. A qualitative comparative analysis method was used to determine which conditions or combinations of conditions led to or prevented a forest transition. Under the condition of public ownership with no private forest tenure or ownership of forest land, there was no instance of forest transition among the nine countries studied. Under the condition of non-liberal timber trade policies, there was no instance of forest transition in the countries studied. The results of this analysis suggest that for a forest transition to occur, the country should liberalize timber import and provide forest tenure to the private sector. Based on these results, we argue that in order for a forest transition to take place or for REDD+ to be effective, the state should allow for private sector to participate in forest management and create market conditions that meet the demand for timber via trade policy alignment.
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Economic globalization, trade and forest transition-the case of nine Asian countries

Author
Lingchao LiJinlong LiuHexing LongWil de Jong and Yeo-Chang Youn

Forest Policy and Economics, 2017, vol. 76, issue C, pages 7-13
Abstract: Previous studies have mostly focused on the links between the variability of trade of primary sector products and forest transition. This study more widely discusses the effects of economic globalization on forest transition, and explores the links between trade, adjustment of trade structure, FDI and forest transition in nine Asian countries. The study also expands the scope of forest transition study and integrates the analysis of both forest quantity and quality change in forest transition research. The result suggests that the proportion of forestry products in total exports has significantly negative effects on forest area, forest volume and forest density, while the total export value has positive effects on forest area and forest density. It indicates that one country or region may improve forest resources condition through upgrading the export structure by absorbing FDI in manufacturing and service sectors to develop export-oriented manufacturing and service industries. This study demonstrates the need to introduce forest quality analysis in forest transition study. It also indicates that when exploring the relationship between economic globalization and forest transition, one should consider the overall situations how one country participates in economic globalization and the development and adjustment of its industries in the process of economic integration.
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The practice of entrepreneurship in the non-wood forest products sector: Support for innovation on private forest land

Author
Alice LudvigVeera TahvanainenAntonia DicksonCamille EvardMikko KurttilaMarija CosovicEmma ChapmanMaria Wilding and Gerhard Weiss
Forest Policy and Economics, 2016, vol. 66, issue C, pages 31-37

Abstract: The paper sets out to examine the characteristics of support for innovation processes in Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFP). The typical enterprises and start-ups which emerge in this sector tend to be small-scale and family owned. We claim that there is a large unused potential for NWFP to support rural development and increase incomes of land owners and rural enterprises. In this article, we study what makes selected and so far successful product innovations in NWFPs special and subsequently what were the factors that supported their development and marketing? These questions we study at hand of four empirical innovative case studies in four European rural areas. We come to the conclusion that the entrepreneurs show some common features in the ways they started their business. However, they have applied individual strategies for the realisation of their own ideas. In line with recommendations from recent literature on creating innovations, all of them have used some “external” support, but at very different levels: They range from monetary support and consultation of effective support organisations to personal non-monetary exchange-relationships in social networks within a communal area. Our results contribute to an understanding of entrepreneurial behaviour as a very individual and context-specific undertaking on the one hand and as a “universal” activity with common features and attributes on the other.
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The world availability of non-wood lignocellulosic biomass for the production of cellulosic ethanol and potential pretreatments for the enhancement of enzymatic saccharification

Author
Ying Ying TyeKeat Teong LeeWan Nadiah Wan Abdullah and Cheu Peng Leh
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, vol. 60, issue C, pages 155-172

Abstract: Non-wood lignocellulosic biomass is abundantly available, low cost, easy to process and consists of a short growth and harvest period; therefore, it is introduced as a potential feedstock biomass for bioethanol production. Common non-wood lignocellulosic biomasses are categorised into agricultural residues, native and non-wood plant fibres. The potential of non-wood lignocellulosic biomass as a resource for cellulosic ethanol production are determined and, analyzed in the context of their chemical composition, fibre production yield, total cellulose availability as well as the enzymatic saccharification efficiency after pretreatment. Based on the obtained data, agricultural residues show significant advantages in all contexts over other non-wood lignocellulosic biomasses. Moreover, pretreatment plays an important role in enhancing the enzymatic accessibility and hydrolysability of non-wood biomass. This review found that various pretreatments could be applied to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysability of different biomasses; however the major factors that vary the effectiveness of particular pretreatment on improving of different biomass hydrolysability have not been clearly highlighted. In addition, even though enzymatic saccharification of pretreated biomass is mainly highlighted in most of the cellulosic ethanol studies to evaluate the improvement of biomass hydrolysability, this data is unable to show the total glucose that obtained from the untreated biomass directly. In this study, the importance of total glucose yield is emphasized and it is calculated from various research data by multiplying the solid recovery yield by the enzymatic saccharification yield of the pretreated biomass, as it presents the percentage of the total glucose that could be converted directly from the original biomass. This work verifies that besides enzymatic saccharification yield, the solid recovery yield is also one of the major factors to be identified in cellulosic ethanol study.
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A STUDY ON MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF IN SITU FORMED TiC REINFORCED COMPOSITE COATINGS

Author
Peng Liu (liupeng_qlzs@163.com), Wei Guo and Hui Luo
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Surface Review and Letters (SRL), 2012, vol. 19, issue 02, pages 1250016-1-1250016-7

Abstract: In situ synthesized TiC reinforced composite coating was fabricated by laser cladding of Al-Ni-Cr-C powders on titanium alloys, which can greatly improve the surface performance of the substrate. In this study, the Al-Ni-Cr-C laser-cladded composite coatings have been researched by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). There was a metallurgical combination between the Al-Ni-Cr-C laser-cladded coating and the Ti-6Al-4V substrate, and the micro-hardness of the Al-Ni-Cr-C laser-cladded coating was in the range of ~1200–1450 HV0.2, which was ~3–4 times higher than that of Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Furthermore, the reinforcement of the Al-Ni-Cr-C laser-cladded coating were mainly contributed to the action of the TiC, Ti3Al, Cr7C3, Al8Cr5 phases and the solution strengthening.
Keywords: In situsurfacescoatingsmicrostructures (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012
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Grass is Always Greener When It's Legal: Policies for State Regulated Marijuana

Author
Cohen Evan and McGowan Richard
The Economists' Voice, 2012, vol. 9, issue 1, pages 1-6

Abstract: With marijuana legalization currently on three state ballots this year, it is vital to consider optimal marijuana regulatory and tax structures. This paper lays out a framework for a regulated marijuana market, drawing on the lessons from the taxation and regulation of similar products.
Date: 2012
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An Examination of the Volatile Nature of Grass Production in Ireland

Author
O'Connor, DeclanDeirdre HennessyLaurence Shalloo and Cristina Hurtado-Uria
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: Declan O Connor

Abstract: Grass production provides Irish dairy farmers with a competitive advantage over many of their mainland European counterparts by providing a cheap feed source. The temperate climate in Ireland favours the production of grass, however production is highly seasonal with little growth over the winter period. This seasonal pattern of grass production in turn has resulted in predominantly spring calving dairy herds and has limited the development of the dairy product portfolio in Ireland which has created a reliance on dairy commodities. As Ireland exports approximately 80% of its dairy output, recent substantial increases in market price volatility has resulted in increased price volatility at farm level. The increased price volatility at market and farm level has been well documented; however the volatility of farm inputs has received little attention to date. In this paper the seasonal and volatile nature of grass production is presented and compared with other Irish crops. As Irish dairy and beef farmers expand production in the post quota environment the optimal use of grass as a feed source will be central to their competitive position. The volatile nature of this resource will require improved pasture management along with improved risk management tools. A number of possible tools are discussed in the latter part of this paper.
Keywords: Grass ProductionVolatilityRisk ManagementRisk Management ToolsFarm ManagementRisk and Uncertainty (search for similar items in EconPapers)
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Date: 2012-02-24
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Grass, Sweat, and Sun: An Exploratory Study of the Labor Market for Gardeners in South Texas

Author
Michael Pisani (m.pisani@cmich.edu) and David W. Yoskowitz
Social Science Quarterly, 2005, vol. 86, issue 1, pages 229-251

Abstract: This article takes a first exploratory step in understanding the market for home gardeners in the southwest borderlands (Laredo, Texas). Copyright (c) 2005 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.
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Transformation of a Woodworking and Furniture Industrial District in Kampala, Uganda - Academic Research Repository at the Institute of Developing Economies,Japan(ARRIDE)

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2344/790

タイトル: Transformation of a Woodworking and Furniture Industrial District in Kampala, Uganda: Dichotomous Development of SME Cluster and Large Firm Sector
著者: Yoshida, Eiichi
吉田, 栄一
キーワード: SME
Cluster
Agglomeration
Incubation
Woodworking
Furniture
Uganda
Kampala
中小企業
クラスター
集積
木工
家具
ウガンダ
カンパラ
Issue Date: Oct-2008
出版者: Institute of Developing Economies, JETRO
引用: IDE Discussion Paper. No. 171. 2008.10
抄録: Clustering small manufacturers are believed to attain various types of collective efficiency. A woodworking and furniture SME district in Uganda has created a learning environment for artisans to start up their own workshops. In the district workers can access various managerial information including business skills and input materials easily than outside. Hence it attracted new entrants to follow and district growth continued. On contrary large firms are locating separately and dispersedly from SME district and have a negative image to SME. This dichotomy has been created partly through spatial division of two sectors and partly through policy favouritism toward large firms.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2344/790
Appears in Collections:04.IDE Discussion Paper
01.経済、産業(Economy and Industry)/アフリカ(African Studies)

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Philippines Furniture Outlook

Author
Alessandra Tracogna (tracogna@csilmilano.com), Stefania Pelizzari(pelizzari@csilmilano.com) and Iyan Rosihan
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Abstract: CSIL ranks the Philippines as the 48th furniture exporter at a world level. The United States remains the country’s largest export market for furniture, absorbing around 45% of Filipino furniture exports. This research is part of the Country Furniture Outlook Series, covering at present 70 countries. Each Country Furniture Outlook Report is structured as follows: Furniture sector performance is analyzed through updated furniture statistics and through tables, graphs and maps. Information covers all the main variables necessary to analyze the sector, from the supply side (Productive Factors, Furniture Production) to the market side (Demand Determinants, Furniture Consumption), also considering the international trading activity (Furniture Imports and Furniture Exports). Future sector prospects and CSIL's assessment of market potential are also provided (Furniture Market Potential) and cross-country comparison is also shown in order to enrich the analysis (Country Rankings). Short profiles of manufacturers and distributors operating in the country and a list of international Furniture Fairs, Furniture Association and Professional Furniture magazines are also provided. Background country information is also provided through summarized detailed statistics (Socio-Economic Data) as well as the country's attractiveness in terms of economic competitiveness (Business Climate).
JEL-codes: L11 L22 L68 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012-09
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The office furniture market in India

Author
Aurelio Volpe (volpe@csilmilano.com) and Mauro Spinelli (spinelli@csilmilano.com)
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Abstract: In 2013 the office furniture production in India reached a total value of US$ 1,702 million, showing about 4% growth compared to the previous year (+14% in local currency). Production quadrupled over the last decade and average growth in the period considered (2007-2013) was +8% in US$. Consumption of office furniture showed a good performance driven by a general improvement in the economic situation in the country and by growth in the industrial and services sectors. Non-residential construction activities performed very well, leading to an expansion of office premises and space…CSIL Market Research The office furniture market in India provides office furniture market size, historical trends of office furniture production and consumption, imports and exports. 2008-2013 data on the office furniture sector and macroeconomic forecast up to 2018. The report is enriched by an in-depth analysis of the competitive system in terms of company dimension, manufacturing locations and product breakdown. Figures on sales and estimates on market shares of the top 50 leading office furniture manufacturers operating in India are also available (total office furniture production and segments: seating, desking, storage). The sample has been extended to more than 100 when considering either office furniture manufacturers (Local and Multinational) than importers, retailers, architects playing on the Indian market. Short profiles of the top office furniture manufacturers are also available. Reference prices are reported by segment (office seating, operative desks, executive furniture, office storage). Office furniture imports and exports are broken down by country and geographical area of origin/destination. A specific analysis on main players in the distribution is given for the six states and eight megacities that are considered strategic for the future of the office furniture business. Leading furniture importers are listed by city, as well as leading architects and interior designers. Considered states include Delhi-Haryana, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, West Bengal. In the focused megacities a growth of household expenditure is given by around 50% from 2013 up to 2020, as an average Addresses of top 50 leading office furniture manufacturers almost mentioned in the report are also included. An Excel file attached is given with addresses of around 400 Indian furniture manufacturers and retailers and other key contacts among fairs, magazines, architects and logistic companies. The study has been carried out involving direct interviews in Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore.
JEL-codes: L11 L22 L68 L81 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
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Date: 2014-04
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Fasting for Runners

Author BY   ANDREA CESPEDES  Food is fuel, especially for serious runners who need a lot of energy. It may seem counterintuiti...