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Monday 7 November 2016

Effect of Immersion Time in Water on the Tensile Properties of Acetylated Steam-exploded Acacia mangium Fibers-Filled Polyethylene Composites

Author
  1. R. Mat Taib
    1. School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia, razaina@eng.usm.my
  1. S. Ramarad
    1. School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
  1. Z.A. Mohd Ishak
    1. School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia


  1. H.D. Rozman
    1. School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

Abstract

Composites of high-density polyethylene and acetylated steam-exploded Acacia mangium fibers are immersed in water at room temperature for 30 days and tested for tensile properties after 2, 4, and 6 days of immersion. All composites absorb water but the water uptake decreases with increasing weight percent gain (WPG) of the acetylated fibers (AAEF). Immersion time has negative effect on the tensile properties and the impact is lesser for composites filled with AAEF of higher WPG. Tensile modulus decreases linearly (R 2=0.80) with water uptake. Acetylation does not improve fiber—matrix interaction but reduces the amount of water absorbed by the composite systems.

For further details log on website :
http://jtc.sagepub.com/content/19/5/475.abstract

Effect of Moisture Absorption on the Tensile Properties of Steam-exploded Acacia mangium Fiber–Polypropylene osites

Author
R. Mat Taib
    1. School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia; razaina@eng.usm.my
  1. Z. A. Mohd Ishak
    1. School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
  1. H. D. Rozman
    1. School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia


  1. W. G. Glasser
    1. Biobased materials/Recycling Center, Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia 24061, USA

Abstract

Polypropylene-filled alkali-extracted steam-exploded Acacia mangium fiber (AEF–PP) composites are immersed in water at room temperature for three months. All composites, including those with maleated polypropylene (MAPP) are found to absorb water considerably. The results of tensile properties indicate that the properties deteriorate following water absorption. The addition of MAPP to the composite systems (AEF–PP–MAPP) does not help in retaining the tensile properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations of the fracture surfaces of AEF–PP–MAPP composites reveal degradation of interfacial interaction. The composites, however, recover more than 90% of the tensile properties after oven treatment probably due to recovery of interfacial interaction as evident in scanning electron micrographs. The tensile properties recoveries for AEF–PP composites are fewer than for those with MAPP. Permanent damages in composite structures due to water absorption might 

For further details log on website :
http://jtc.sagepub.com/content/19/5/475.abstract

Alkali Extracted Steam-Exploded Acacia mangium Wood Fiber as Reinforcing Material for Polypropylene-Based Composites

Published Date
Author
R. M. Taib , 
Pages 67-84 | Received 03 Feb 2003, Accepted 17 Jul 2003, Published online: 20 Nov 2008
Abstract 

Composites of polypropylene (PP) and alkali extracted steam-exploded Acacia mangium wood fiber (AEF) were prepared. The fiber was grafted with maleated polypropylene (MAPP), either Epolene E-43 or Epolene G-3003. Their performance as a compatibilizing agent was compared. Treated fibers were characterized with SEM, ESCA, and FTIR. SEM and ESCA showed the presence of both MAPPs at the fiber surfaces. FTIR spectroscopy was unable to detect ester links between MAPP and AEF. All mechanical properties were improved with the incorporation of the treated fibers due to improved fiber dispersion and fiber/matrix adhesion as revealed by optical and scanning electron micrographs. As a compatibilizer, Epolene E43 performed better than E polene G-3003.

For further details log on website :
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J395v01n01_05

A method for visualizing cesium ions adsorbed on wood charcoal using SEM–EDX

Published Date
Original
DOI: 10.1007/s00226-016-0875-4

Cite this article as: 
Yamagishi, T., Kurimoto, Y. & Yamauchi, S. Wood Sci Technol (2016). doi:10.1007/s00226-016-0875-4

Author
  • Takayuki Yamagishi
  • Yasuji Kurimoto
  • Shigeru Yamauchi
Abstract

A new method based on scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) was developed for visualizing the distribution of cesium ions (Cs+) adsorbed by Japanese cedar charcoal. After being soaked in saturated aqueous CsCl solutions, wood charcoal and regular wood samples were embedded in resin, and thin sections of sample were prepared for the Cs+ observations. The Cs+ ions on charcoal could be seen in EDX mapping images and also in line profiles with enough contrast to identify differences between the various carbonized cell wall regions. On the other hand, Cs+ could not be observed in the EDX mapping images of wood samples, despite having been soaked in a saturated aqueous CsCl solution. These results indicate that Cs+ adsorbed on charcoal can be visualized using this method, but not Cs+ in wood. Additionally, oxygen detected on the charcoal by EDX can be regarded as an indicator of the presence of surface functional groups.

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For further details log on website :
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00226-016-0845-x

Chemical structure and thermal properties of lignin modified with polyethylene glycol during steam explosion

Published Date

Original
DOI: 10.1007/s00226-016-0870-9

Cite this article as: 
Feng, Y., Lan, J., Ma, P. et al. Wood Sci Technol (2016). doi:10.1007/s00226-016-0870-9

Author
  • Yanhong Feng
  • Junshan Lan
  • Pengtao Ma
  • Xiaolong Dong
  • Jinping Qu
  • Hezhi He
Abstract

Thermoplastic processing of lignin is restricted by its high glass transition temperature (Tg). In this study, lignin was modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) during steam explosion to improve its thermoplastic properties, and the effects of steam explosion and PEG on the chemical structure and thermal properties of lignin were investigated. Structure characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that hydroxyl and ether functional groups increased and the activity of lignin was improved by steam explosion. In addition, steam explosion treatment was more effective than heat treatment for promoting the reaction of PEG with lignin. Solid-state 13C NMR revealed that PEG was grafted onto lignin. The Tg of raw lignin was 164.1 °C; after steam explosion, lignin exhibited more than one Tgs. The Tg of lignin was reduced when the steam explosion temperature increased and decreased further, to around 60 °C, when PEG was used to modify lignin. Therefore, this work provides an effective approach to reducing the high Tg of lignin.

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For further details log on website :
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00226-016-0845-x

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