Blog List

Thursday 3 August 2017

Composite Panels Manufactured from Bamboo and Rice Straw

Principle Investigator: Dr. Salim Hiziroglu
Other participants: Songklod Jarusombuti, Department of Forest Products,Kasetsart University Vallayuth Fueangvivat , Piyawade Bauchongkol, Worakit Soontonbura, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, Thailand
Funded by: Agricultural Experimental Station Kasetsart University and Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, Thailand, and FAPC.
This study investigated some of the important properties of particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF) manufactured from non-wood underutilized species, bamboo and rice straw in Thailand. Various type of experimental panels were manufactured using different ratios of both types of raw material. Rice straw did adversely influenced panels properties. However addition of low amount of rice straw in all panels did not substantially reduced both mechanical and physical properties of the samples. Panel made from 100% bamboo resulted in the highest values.
Currently sandwich type panels, having thin layers of fiber on the faces and particles in the core of the samples are being manufactured.

Rice HarvestingBamboo Plantation
  
  
Fiberboard panel manufacturing process
  
  

For further details log on website :
http://nrem-old.okstate.edu/faculty/researchlabs/Hiziroglu/Bamboo%20Panels/BambooPanels.html

Surface Characteristics of Japanese Wood Composite Panels

Principle Investigator: Dr. Salim Hiziroglu
Other participants: Dr. Shigehiko Suzuki
Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Japan
Funded by: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
and Agricultural Experimental Station.
This study investigated surface characteristics of commercially manufactured particleboard and fiberboard panels before and after they overlaid with melamine impregnated papers. Overlaid samples exposed to 55% and 93% relative humidity and their surface roughness was evaluated using a stylus type equipment. Significant difference between roughness of the samples at initial condition and 93% relative humidity was determined. Janka hardness of the samples exposed to two humidity levels also resulted in significant difference from each other.

Overlaying Process
Average Values of roughness parameters
 
 
 
Typical roughness profiles of the samples

For further details log on website :
http://nrem-old.okstate.edu/faculty/researchlabs/Hiziroglu/Japan/JapanesePanels.htm

Resistance of Eastern Redcedar Panels to Damage by Termites

Principal Investigator : Dr. Salim Hiziroglu
Other participants: Dr. Brad Kard, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology
Dr. Mark E. Payton, Department of Statistics
Funded by : Agricultural Experimental Station and FAPC.
This study investigated resistance of experimental particleboard panels manufactured from eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) to feeding by the wood destroying eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar).Eastern redcedar panels with and without foliage were exposed to foraging termites. Particles and blocks sustained some damage by feeding termites but were not equally preferred. In choice test were all particles and panels plus control samples were simultaneously available to foraging termites, radiate pine sustained 44.6% weight loss compared with 2.1 to 6.1 % weight loss for particle and blocks. It appears that redcedar panels tested exhibited moderate resistance against termite damage.
FORAGING SUBSTRATE
STERILIZED SAND AND VERMICULATE
(10:1 RATIO)
STERILE DEIONIZED WATER WAS ADDED  350 ml/1,000 g DRY MIX.

  
Testing of Termite Survival
 
  

For further details logo website:
http://nrem-old.okstate.edu/faculty/researchlabs/Hiziroglu/Termites/redcedar%20termites.htm

Structural Composite Panel Manufactured from Eastern Redcedar

Principle Investigator: Dr. Salim Hiziroglu
Funded by: Agricultural Experimental Station and FAPC.
This study addresses to use low quality eastern redcedar trees to manufacture structural panels. Laboratory type flaker at Forest Product Laboratory, Louisiana State University was employed to produce strands from 6 in long eastern redcedar sections. Initially experimental panels having strands with random distribution were manufactured. Physical and mechanical properties of the samples will be evaluated. In the second part of the study oriented strandboard panels will be produced and their properties will be tested.

Raw MaterialsFlaking Process
(Louisiana State University,
Forest Products Development Center)
  
Stranding ProcessRandomly Oriented Strandboard Forming Box
 
  
Unpressed MatPressing of the Panel
  
 
Strandboard samples

For further detail slog on website :
http://nrem-old.okstate.edu/faculty/researchlabs/Hiziroglu/Redcedar%20panels/ERC%20panels.htm

Value-added Composite Panels Manufactured from Under-utilized Species in Oklahoma

Principle Investigator : Dr. Salim Hiziroglu
Funded by: Agricultural Experimental Station and FAPC.
Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) , mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) and osage orange (Maclura pomifera) are some of the under-utilized invasive species in Oklahoma. Currently they have very limited uses, such as shelterbelt, wind break, and fence post. This study investigated some of the important properties of experimental panels made from particles of three species and their mixture of 50 %-50% ratio. Whole-tree chipped material was used to manufacture the panels. The samples were tested for mechanical strength and physical stability properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D-1037. Modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of the panels made from 100% eastern redcedar resulted in the highest bending among four types of panels. Thickness swelling of the samples ranged from 11% to 20%. All panels yielded adequate bending strength, stiffness, and internal bond strength. Based on the findings in this study, it appears that whole-tree chipped particles of three species can be used to manufacture value-added panels without having any adverse influence on panel properties.

Eastern redcedar invasionEastern redcedar logs
  
 
Harvesting of Osage Orange
 
  
Pressed panel3-layer unpressed mat
  
Bending test set-upInternal bond strength test set-up
  

For further details log on website :
http://nrem-old.okstate.edu/faculty/researchlabs/Hiziroglu/Underutilized/underutspp.htm

Value-added Wood Composite Laboratory


The Value-added Wood Composite Laboratory is located in Room 236 at the Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Center (www.fapc.biz), Oklahoma State University. The laboratory is used to develop various types of wood composite panels such as particleboard and fiberboard, primarily from under-utilized species in Oklahoma and mid-south region and evaluate their physical and mechanical properties.

For further information please contact:
Salim Hiziroglu
Professor
303-G Agricultural Hall
Department of Natural Resource Ecology & Management
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-6013
 
Phone : (405) 744-5445
Fax: (405) 744-3530
E-mail: salim.hiziroglu@okstate.edu

Dr. Salim Hiziroglu
 
Rotary-type resin mixing drum with spray gunParticleboard forming box
  
Unpressed matHot press with 24 in by 24 in (60.9 cm by 60.9 cm) platen size and 900 psi (6,201) kPa platen pressure capacity
 
  
Unpressed matPressing process
  
Pressed panelFiberboard forming box
  
Hand operated hot press with 6 in by 6 in (15.2 cm by 15.2 cm) platen size and 400 psi (2,756kPa) platen pressure capacityComTen testing system with 2,000 lb loadcell capacity
 
Hotplate to prepare internal bond strength samplesPortable stylus type surface profilometer
  
Tablesaw
 
Stereomicroscope

For further details log on website :
http://nrem-old.okstate.edu/faculty/researchlabs/Hiziroglu/WoodCompLab/WoodCompLab.htm

A COMPATIBLE ESTIMATION MODEL OF STEM VOLUME AND TAPER FOR Acacia mangium Willd. PLANTATIONS

Author
Haruni Krisnawati

Abstract

This study describes the establishment of  a compatible volume estimation model for Acacia mangium Willd on the basis of  279 felled sample trees collected from the A. mangium plantation stands in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The model comprises of  a total volume model and a stem taper model, which is compatible in the sense of  the total volume obtained by integration of  the taper model being equal to that computed by the total volume model. Several well-known total volume functions were evaluated including constant form factor, combined variable, generalized combine variable, logarithmic, generalized logarithmic and Honer transformed variables. A logarithmic model was determined to be the best and was then used as the basis for deriving the taper model. Appropriate statistical procedures were used in model fitting to account for the problems of  heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation that are associated with the construction of  volume and taper functions. The simultaneous fitting method of  the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) improved the parameter estimates and goodness-of-fit statistics while ensuring numeric consistency among the component models and reducing the total squared error obtained by an independent fitting method. The developed model can be used to estimate total stem volume, merchantable volume to any merchantability diameter limit at any height, and (possibly) height of  any diameter based on only easily measurable parameters such as diameter at breast height and total tree height for the species analysed.

Keywords


Acacia mangium, Indonesia, compatible volume, taper

Full Text:

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References

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Burkhart, H. E., & Sprinz, P. T. (1984). Compatible cubic volume and basal area projection equations for thinned old-field loblolly pine plantations. Forest Science, 30, 86–93.
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Harbagung, & Krisnawati, H. (2009). Stem taper model for Khaya anthoteca C.DC. plantation in Pasirhantap Experimental Forest, Sukabumi, West Java (in Indonesian with English abstract). Forest and Natural Conservation Research Journal, 6(1), 13–24.
Hardiyanto, E. B., Anshori, S., & Sulistyono, D. (2004). Early results of site management in Acacia mangium plantations at PT. Musi Hutan Persada, South Sumatra, Indonesia. In E. K. S. Nambiar, J. Ranger, A. Tiarks, & T. Toma (Eds.), Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Plantation Forests (pp. 93–108). Bogor: CIFOR.
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Jiang, L., Brooks, J. R., & Wang, J. (2005). Compatible taper and volume equations for yellow-poplar in West Virginia. Forest Ecology and Management, 213, 399–409.
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Krisnawati, H., & Bustomi, S. (2004). Clearbole volume estimation model for sungkai (Peronema canescens) in the Forest District of Banten. Forest Research Bulletin, 644, 39–50.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2016.3.1.49-64

For further details log on website :
http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index.php/IJFR/article/view/641

IMPACTS, PATTERNS, INFLUENCING FACTORS AND POLICIES OF FUELWOOD EXTRACTION IN WAY KAMBAS NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA

Author
Ari Rakatama

Abstract

Uncontrolled fuelwood extraction from conservation forest of  Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) could threaten the existing forest. This paper studies the way to tackle the forest degradation in WKNP, with less negative impacts to the local people. Study was conducted by analysing existing data and maps of  WKNP in terms of forest degradation, forest inventories, current policies, survey on how fuelwood is extracted, observation on fuelwood gatherers, fuelwood demand, and identification of  further policy options. Results show that the most significant factors influencing the fuelwood extraction activity in WKNP are land ownership, followed  by the distance to forest area, income level, the number of  household members and age of  household head. In the field, the fuelwood utilization is allowed by WKNP Authority, although it is formally forbidden.It was stated that fuelwood extraction in the area should be less than 2.89 ton/ha/year to maintain its sustainability, based on the mean WNKP forest tree annual increment. The fact shows that fuelwood extraction in WKNP reduces of  forest biomass stock (1.06 tons/ha/year) and decreases species diversity index (from 3.05 to 2.45), species evenness index (from 1.06 to 0.91) and old-young tree ratio (from 1.29 to 1). Ecosystem quality reduction is mainly caused by destructive techniques in extracting fuelwood such as slashing, scratching cambium, and cutting trees. Therefore, recommended policy includes legalizing fuelwood extraction with restrictions, providing alternative fuelwood and other biomass energy resources outside WKNP, conducting preventive (establishing checkpoints and increasing patrols) and pre-emptive (educating and campaigning) efforts, collaborating  with other stakeholders, and empowering local economy.

Keywords


fuel-wood; national park; forest extraction; deforestation; rural energy

Full Text:

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References

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2016.3.1.33-47

For further details log on website :
http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index.php/IJFR/article/view/1563

EARLY GROWTH AND STAND VOLUME PRODUCTIVITY OF SELECTED CLONES OF Eucalyptus pellita

Author
Teguh Setyaji, Sri Sunarti, Arif Nirsatmanto

Abstract


Using current technologies, several forest plantation companies in Indonesia are pursuing clonal forestry program with E. pellita to increase plantation productivity using selected clones. This paper evaluates the early growth and stand volume productivity of  selected clones of  E. pellita as part of  a breeding program for pulpwood.  Two clonal trials of  E. pellita were established in Central Java with two different plot configurations: single tree-plot and multiple tree-plot. Trial evaluation was done at two years age involving tree height, diameter, stem volume and stand volume. Result show that among the clones there were significant differences for all traits assessed. All of  the tested clones exceeded the control seedling of  F-1 generation by 9-50% for height, 10-36% for diameter and 22-137% for stem volume, respectively. Clonal repeatability ranged from 0.7-0.9, with corresponding individual ramet repeatability ranged from 0.2-0.4.  Overall stand volume productivity at given age reached 15 m³/ha.

Keywords


Eucalyptus pellita; clone; clonal forestry; growth; stand volume

Full Text:

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2016.3.1.27-32


For further details log on website :
http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index.php/IJFR/article/view/1578

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fasting for Runners

Author BY   ANDREA CESPEDES  Food is fuel, especially for serious runners who need a lot of energy. It may seem counterintuiti...