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Saturday 19 November 2016

Improving characteristics of melamine–urea–formaldehyde resin by addition of blocked polyurethane prepolymer

Author
Original
DOI: 10.1007/s00107-016-1132-0


Cite this article as: 
Jiang, J. & Lu, X. Eur. J. Wood Prod. (2016). doi:10.1007/s00107-016-1132-0


Abstract

In this paper, the effect of blocked polyurethane prepolymer (BPUP) with four R values (the ratio of –NCO to –OH) and different blending proportions on the characteristics of melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resin were first investigated. The properties of the modified adhesive systems were examined by dynamic wettability and shear strength. The results indicated that the bonding performance and the wettability of high R value blending modification were superior to that of low R value case. In addition, the optimal bonding performance came from the MUF resin modified by 15% BPUP (R = 5) addition. Besides, the K value on wood substrates with different moisture contents (MC) was calculated by wetting model to interpret the wetting kinetics. The polymer blending adhesive has a potential capacity for making wood-based panels from high-moisture raw materials.

References

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For further details log on website :
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-010-0458-2

Notions of justice in payments for ecosystem services: Insights from China's Sloping Land Conversion Program in Yunnan Province

Published Date
February 2015, Vol.43:207216, doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.11.011

Author 
  • Jun He a,b,c,1,,
  • Thomas Sikor b,1

  • aCollege of Economics and Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
    bSchool of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
    cWorld Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF East and Central Asia Program, Heilongtan, Kunming 650204, China
    Received 29 March 2013. Revised 5 November 2014. Accepted 10 November 2014. Available online 1 December 2014.

    Highlights
    • China's Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) is the world's largest payments for ecosystem services (PES) scheme.
    • State policy on the SLCP contains provisions for distributive and procedural justice.
    • Villagers, local officials and state policy share the concern about distributive justice.
    • The shared distributive concern contributes to reforestation and rising incomes.
    • Research needs to consider notions of justice for a fuller understanding of PES.
    Abstract 

    China's Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) pays millions of farmers to convert cropland in upper watersheds to tree plantations. It is considered one of the world's largest payments for ecosystem services (PES) scheme for its reliance on financial incentives. This paper examines the outcomes of the SLCP by way of a case study from the Yangliu watershed in Yunnan province. It focuses on the notions of justice embedded in state policy and held by villagers and local state officials in order to understand the observed outcomes in terms of people's participation in the implementation of the SLCP, land use changes and livelihood effects. Villagers, local state officials, and state policy share a primary concern about distributive justice despite significant differences in their specific notions. The shared concern underlies the villagers’ positive reactions to the SLCP, which among other factors, have led to the intended expansion of tree plantations and a livelihood transition in Yangliu since 2003. The insights from Yangliu suggest the need to consider justice for a fuller understanding of the dynamics and outcomes of the SLCP and other PES schemes worldwide as the notions of justice applied by the involved actors may influence land use and livelihood dynamics in addition to the other factors considered in research this far.

    Keywords

  • Justice
  • Payments for ecosystem services
  • Land-use change
  • Livelihoods
  • Policy implementation
  • China

  • Fig. 1.
     Table 1
    Table 1.
    • ⁎ 
      Corresponding author at: College of Economics and Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China. Tel.: +86 871 5223014; fax: +86 871 5223377.

    For further details log on website :
    http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934116301289

    Empirical linkages between devolved tenure systems and forest conditions: Selected case studies and country experiences

    Published Date
    December 2016, Vol.73:286293doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2016.05.018

    Author 
    • Miaoying Shi a
    •  
    • Runsheng Yin b,,
    •  
    • Leo Zulu c
    •  
    • Jiaguo Qi d
    •  
    • Mark Freudenberger e
    •  
    • Matthew Sommerville e
    • aDepartment of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
    • bCollege of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
    • cDepartment of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
    • dCenter for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
    • eTetra Tech., 159 Bank Street, Suite 300, P.O. Box 1397, Burlington, VT 05402, USA

    Forest devolution
  • Tenure reform
  • Community-based management
  • Forest condition


  • Impact evaluation
  • .

    • This article belongs to the special section: Forest devolution, forest condition, and poverty alleviation published in the journal Forest Policy and Economics 73, 2016.
    • ⁎ 
      Correspondence author.
    For further details log on website :
    http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934116301289

    Empirical linkages between devolved tenure systems and forest conditions: Primary evidence

    Published Date
    December 2016, Vol.73:277285doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2016.06.033

    Author 
    • Runsheng Yin a,b,,
    •  
    • Leo Zulu c
    •  
    • Jiaguo Qi d
    •  
    • Mark Freudenberger e
    •  
    • Matthew Sommerville e
    • aCollege of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
    • bDepartment of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
    • cDepartment of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
    • dCenter for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
    • eTetra Tech., 159 Bank Street, Suite 300, P.O. Box 1397, Burlington, VT 05402, USA

    Forest devolution
  • Tenure reform
  • Community-based management
  • Forest condition

  • Impact evaluation




  • .

    .

    • This article belongs to the special section: Forest devolution, forest condition, and poverty alleviation published in the journal Forest Policy and Economics 73, 2016.
    • ⁎ 
      Corresponding author.
    For further details log on website :
    http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934116301289

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