Study on chemical analysis, antioxidant and in vitro antifungal activities of essential oil from wild Vitex agnus-castus L. seeds growing in area of Argan Tree of Morocco against clinical strains of Candidaresponsible for nosocomial infections Analyse chimique, activité antioxydante et antifongique in vitro de l’huile essentielle des graines de Vitex agnus-castus L. sauvage poussant dans l’arganeraie du Maroc contre les souches cliniques de Candida responsables des infections nosocomiales

Published Date
December 2015, Vol.25(4):e118–e127, doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.10.005
Original article/Article original

Author 

A. Asdadi

A. Hamdouch

A. Oukacha

R. Moutaj

S. Gharby

H. Harhar

M. El Hadek

B. Chebli

L.M. Idrissi Hassani

Summary

Objective

To study the composition, the antioxidant activity and the in vitro antifungal action anti-Candida species of essential oils extracted from seeds of Vite xagnus-castus L.

Materials and method

The essential oils were extracted using Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH free radical-scavenging method. Susceptibility tests for Candida albicans (12), C. dubliniensis (1), C. glabrata (3), C. krusei (3), C. parapsilosis (6), C. lusitaniae (1), C. famata (1) and C. tropicalis (3) were expressed as inhibition zone by the disc-diffusion method and as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) by the broth macrodilution method, compared to amphotricin B and fluconazol as standard drugs.

Results

Major components were: 1,8-cineole (19.61%), sabinene (14.57%), α-pinene (9.76%), β-farnesene (6.04%), β-caryophyllene oxide (5.83%) and β-caryophyllene (5.02%). A low antioxidant activity was found (IC₅₀ = 1.072 mg/ml), but it can be exploited. V. agnus-castus seeds essential oils disosed a 35-58 mm zone of inhibition (mean: 49 mm) against all 30 isolates tested. In broth macrodilution method, all the tested Candida species were susceptible to the essential oils and this activity was concentration-dependent. MIC values varied from 0.13 to 2.13 mg/ml V. agnus-castusseeds essential oils.

Conclusion

Results of this study indicated that the oils of plant origin could be used as potential anti-Candida species causative agents of nosocomial infections. These oils exhibited a noticeable antifungal activity against the selected fungi. The natural antifungal substances are inexpensive and have fewer side effects, they may represent alternative therapies for candidiasis.

Résumé

Objectif

Étudier la composition chimique, l’activité antioxydante et l’activité in vitro anti-Candida des huiles essentielles des graines de Vitex agnus-castus L.

Matériel et méthodes

Les huiles essentielles ont été extraites en utilisant l’appareil type Clevenger et analysées par chromatographie gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (CG/SM). L’activité antioxydante a été analysée en utilisant la méthode du piégeage des radicaux libres à l’aide du DPPH. Les tests de sensibilité de Candida albicans(12), C. dubliniensis (1), C. glabrata (3), C. krusei (3), C. parapsilosis (6), C. lusitaniae(1), C. famata (1) et C. tropicalis (3) ont été évalués par la méthode de diffusion sur gélose, par la concentration minimale inhibitrice (CMI) et par la concentration minimale fongicide (CMF) selon la méthode de macrodilution en milieu liquide, comparés à l’amphotéricine B et au fluconazole comme antifongiques de référence.

Résultats

Les composants majeurs étaient : 1,8-cineole (19,61 %), sabinene (14,57 %), α-pinene (9,76 %), β-farnesene (6,04 %), β-caryophylleneoxide (5,83 %) and β-caryophyllene (5,02 %). Une faible activité antioxydante a été trouvée, mais elle est exploitable (CI₅₀ = 1,072 mg/mL). L’huile essentielle des graines de V. agnus-castusL. a montré une zone d’inhibition de 35–58 mm (moyenne : 49 mm) contre les 30 isolats testés. Dans la méthode de macrodilution en milieu liquide, tous les isolats des espèces de Candida testés étaient sensibles à l’huile essentielle et cette activité était dépendante de la concentration. Les valeurs de CMI variaient de 0,13 à 2,13 mg/mL.

Conclusion

Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que les huiles essentielles des plantes pourraient être utilisées comme des agents antifongiques potentiels contre les espèces de Candida responsables d’infections nosocomiales. Ces huiles présentent une activité antifongique notable contre les champignons sélectionnés. Ces substances antifongiques naturelles sont peu coûteuses et ont moins d’effets secondaires, elles représentent un potentiel thérapeutique alternatif contre les candidoses.

Keywords

• Vitex agnus-castus L.
• Essential oil of seeds
• Nosocomial infections
• Candida species
• Antioxidant activities
• Antifungal
• GC/MS

Mots clés

• Vitex agnus-castus L.
• Huile essentielle
• Infections nosocomiales
• Candida sp. activité antioxydante
• Antifongique
• GC/MS

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• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author.

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Role of various nano-particles in prevention of fungal decay, mold growth and termite attack in wood, and their effect on weathering properties and water repellency

Published Date
February 2016, Vol.107:77–87, doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.11.010

Author 

• Evren Terzi ^a,
• S. Nami Kartal ^a,,
• Nural Yılgör ^b,
• Lauri Rautkari ^c,
• Tsuyoshi Yoshimura^d,

• aDepartment of Forest Biology and Wood Protection Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, 34473 Bahcekoy, Istanbul Turkey
• bDepartment of Forest Products Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, 34473 Bahcekoy, Istanbul, Turkey
• cDepartment of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technologies, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
• dLaboratory of Innovative Humano-habitability, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, 611-0011 Uji, Kyoto, Japan

Received 2 October 2015. Revised 7 November 2015. Accepted 7 November 2015. Available online 21 November 2015. 

Highlights

• Nano-ZnO showed promising leach resistance compared to the other nano-compounds and it was also slightly effective in decreasing water absorption.
• •
  Nano-CuO and nano-SnO₂ inhibited fungal decay by Trametes versicolor; however, almost all nano-compounds were effective in preventing decay by Gloeophyllum trabeum.
• •
  While Nano-CuO and nano-B₂O₃ well-inhibited termite feeding, nano-ZnO and nano-CeO₂ treatments resulted in only moderate termite resistance.
• •
  Nano-ZnO and nano-B₂O₃ effectively inhibited mold growth.

Abstract

The resistance of Scots pine wood vacuum-treated with nano-particles of ZnO, B₂O₃, CuO, TiO₂, CeO₂, and SnO₂ against decay, mold fungi and subterranean termites was evaluated. Weathering and water absorption properties were also studied. Nano-ZnO only was resistant against leaching, while the other compounds leached out from wood specimens at more than 60% release rates. Mold growth in wood specimens was significantly inhibited by treatment with nano-ZnO and nano-B₂O₃. In Petri dishes, all mold fungi were also inhibited by nano-ZnO and nano-B₂O₃; however, nano-SnO₂ inhibited Trichoderma harzianum growth only. Weight loss from fungal attack by the brown-rot fungus was significantly inhibited by all nano-compounds tested, except for leached specimens of nano-B₂O₃ treatments. Considerably higher weight losses were obtained in decay resistance tests by the white-rot fungus; only nano-CuO and nano-SnO₂ were effective against this fungus. Nano-CuO and nano-B₂O₃ treatments produced favorable termite resistance in both weathered and unweathered specimens, while nano-ZnO and nano-CeO₂ resulted in decreased weight loss in specimens exposed to termites. Nano-ZnO was slightly effective in decreasing water absorption. Exposing untreated wood specimens to artificial weathering resulted in significant changes in the chemical structure as determined by FT-IR analysis; however, weathering effect was somewhat decreased by the incorporation of the nano-compounds.

Keywords

Nano-particle

ZnO

B₂O₃

CuO

TiO₂

CeO₂

SnO₂

Biological performance

Weathering

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Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

• ∗ 
  Corresponding author.
  
  

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