Kosova's household energy efficiency and fuel supplies

Author(s):

Brian H. Bowen (RIT‐AUK Center for Energy & Natural Resources, American University in Kosova, Prishtina, Kosova)

James A. Myers (Center for Multidisciplinary Studies, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA)

Agon Nixha (RIT‐AUK Center for Energy & Natural Resources, American University in Kosova, Prishtina, Kosova)

Citation:

Brian H. Bowen, James A. Myers, Agon Nixha, (2011) "Kosova's household energy efficiency and fuel supplies", International Journal of Energy Sector Management, Vol. 5 Iss: 4, pp.545 - 563

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506221111186369

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Acknowledgements:

Funding for this study was supplied by the World Bank, as part of its Western Balkans Energy Efficiency Study, and by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund for the promotion and evaluation of energy data collection in Kosova. Assistance with the data collection and analysis was provided by AUK research students Adnan Hoxha, Kushtrim Bahtiri, Arzanna Myderrizi, and Vlora Berbatovci.

Abstract:

Purpose

– The Kosova Government is promoting energy efficiency and the purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to the efforts being made, in the form of a household survey which visited 2,370 homes in the capital city Prishtina.

Design/methodology/approach

– Student teams from the American University in Kosovo (AUK) conducted the survey under faculty guidance and their collected data provide valuable information.

Findings

– The survey indicates that Kosova's progress on energy efficiency is not far behind the EU requirements.

Research limitations/implications

– The AUK survey results are from the most densely populated area of Prishtina and so these results will be of special interest to the city planners.

Practical implications

– The survey indicates that an average of 7.58 m³ of wood is consumed per home annually. From the data for all homes, 78 per cent heat one to three rooms and for the medium‐size category it was 83 per cent. For all homes in the phase 1 survey, 62 per cent spend between 10‐30 per cent of family income on electricity. The weighted average of the electricity costs in a medium‐size home is €63 each Winter month. The government therefore needs to effectively implement appropriate incentives or subsidies to promote a wide household energy efficiency program. Using an average wood cost of €35 to €40/m³ and the 1.525 million m³/year total consumption, the total wood revenue is €60.6 million.

Social implications

– There also needs to be thousands of smaller personal investments for household high efficiency wood stoves. Both types of investments will reduce Kosova's environmental problem of particulates from ash.

Originality/value

– The combined Phase 1 and Phase 2 surveys are expected to provide the most comprehensive household energy survey ever conducted in the Balkans.

Keywords: 

Kosova, Government policy, Energy consumption, Household energy efficiency, Fuels, Wood, Environment

Type:

Case study

Publisher:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright:

© Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2011
Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited

For further details log on website :
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/17506221111186369

Fine particle generation, evolution and control by small biomass combustion

Author(s):

Andrei Bologa (Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen, Germany)

Hanns‐Rudolf Paur (Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen, Germany)

Helmut Seifert (Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen, Germany)

Klaus Woletz (Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen, Germany)

Tobias Ulbricht (German Biomass Research Centre (DBFZ), Leipzig, Germany)

Citation:

Andrei Bologa, Hanns‐Rudolf Paur, Helmut Seifert, Klaus Woletz, Tobias Ulbricht, (2011) "Fine particle generation, evolution and control by small biomass combustion", Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, Vol. 23 Iss: 1, pp.36 - 55

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777831211191584

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Acknowledgements:

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the European Institute for Energy Research, Karlsruhe, Germany. An earlier version of this paper was submitted to the 18th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition.

Abstract:

Purpose

– The aim of the paper is to present the results of investigations of fine particle generation by small biomass combustion and the possibility of reducing the emissions by electrostatic precipitation.

Design/methodology/approach

– The grains, wood‐logs, wood‐, mixed‐ and straw‐pellets were combusted in two stoves and two boilers. The set‐ups were operated according to DIN‐4702. Particle number concentration in the gas flow was measured by Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and particle mass concentration was measured according to the Guidelines VDI‐2066 upstream and downstream a novel space charge electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The ESP consists of an ioniser and a grounded brush inside of a tube form grounded collector electrode.

Findings

– The ESP ensures stable operation at gas temperatures up to 350°C. The use of sharp‐points high voltage electrode ensures effective particle charging at high particle number concentrations. The combustion of wood‐pellets is characterized by lower particle mass concentrations. The highest particle mass concentrations were observed by the straw‐pellets combustion. The ESP ensures particle collection with mass collection efficiency 87±3% for wood‐logs and 82±2% for wood‐pellets combustion.

Practical implications

– The novel ESP is recommended for exhaust gas cleaning from small scale biomass combustion facilities and domestic heating units. The use of the ESP would reduce the emissions of fine aerosol into the atmosphere and improve the air quality.

Originality/value

– The paper presents the comparative analysis of particle size distribution and particle mass concentrations in the exhaust gas from small‐scale combustion units for different types of biomass. The study confirms the possibility to reduce particle emissions by electrostatic precipitation. The originality of the technology and apparatus is patently protected.

Keywords: 

Electrostatics, Precipitation, Biomass, Wood, Combustion, Particle emission, Gas cleaning

Type:

Research paper

Publisher:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright:

© Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2012
Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited

For further details log on website :
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/14777831211191584

Estonian‐Swedish wood fuel trade and market integration: a co‐integration approach

Author(s):

Olle Olsson (Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden)

Bengt Hillring (Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden)

Johan Vinterbäck (Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden)

Citation: 

Olle Olsson, Bengt Hillring, Johan Vinterbäck, (2012) "Estonian‐Swedish wood fuel trade and market integration: a co‐integration approach", International Journal of Energy Sector Management, Vol. 6 Iss: 1, pp.75 - 90

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506221211216553

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The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 229 times since 2012

Abstract:

Purpose

– In the Baltic Sea area, wood fuels have been traded internationally on a relatively large‐scale since the 1990s, with trade flows primarily from the Baltic States to Sweden and Denmark. This has been driven by strong demand for renewable energy in Scandinavia, inexpensive wood resources in the Baltic States and relatively low costs of sea transport. The purpose of this paper is to clarify if this trade has contributed to integration between the wood fuel markets of Sweden and Estonia.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors use co‐integration analysis of quarterly price series data from 1998 to 2010, in order to determine whether there are interconnections between wood fuel prices in the two countries. As wood fuels generally are rather bulky, transport costs often have an important impact on price levels. For this reason the analysis is expanded to include estimated transport costs from Estonia to Sweden.

Findings

– It is concluded that wood fuel prices in Sweden and Estonia are not co‐integrated, regardless of whether the transportation costs are taken into account or not. In other words, the wood fuel markets in the two countries cannot be considered integrated, which could be seen as a sign that international wood fuel markets still are far from fully developed.

Research limitations/implications

– There are some uncertainties about data quality and lack of information on market structure – in terms of, for example, fuel delivery contract specifications and shipping arrangements.

Practical implications

– Lack of market integration implies a lack of market efficiency in the international wood fuel market.

Originality/value

– Co‐integration analysis has been applied to many commodity markets, but there are only very few studies of international wood fuel markets.

Keywords: 

Estonia, Sweden, Scandinavia, Baltic States, Energy sector, International trade, Wood, Fuels, Renewable energy, Biomass

Type:

Research paper

Publisher:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright:

© Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2012
Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited

For further details log on website :
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/17506221211216553

An innovative microwave system for wooden art object disinfestation

Author(s):

Anna Pia Pastore (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy)

Bruno Bisceglia (Department of Information and Electrical Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy)

Roberto De Leo (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy)

Nicola Diaferia (Emitech Srl, Molfetta, Italy)

Citation:

Anna Pia Pastore, Bruno Bisceglia, Roberto De Leo, Nicola Diaferia, (2012) "An innovative microwave system for wooden art object disinfestation", COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, Vol. 31 Iss: 4, pp.1173 - 1177

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321641211227438

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The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 61 times since 2012

Acknowledgements:

Special acknowledgments to: Mons. Pietro Farina, Bishop of Dioceses of Alife and Caiazzo, District of Caserta, Don Alfonso Caso, Pastor of S. Maria Maggiore and S. Tommaso d'Aquino churches in Piedimonte Matese (CE), Don Domenico La Cerra, Pastor of Cathedral of Alife, where the S. Leone Magno's statue is kept, and Emitech spa for Mysya.

Abstract:

Purpose

– Many objects made up of wood, as well as paper and carpets with artistic or cultural value, are seriously damaged by various infesting microorganisms and often such damage is irreversible. The purpose of this paper is to describe an equipment which has been realized, able to induce, inside the object to be treated, having any shape, and in particular in the infesting agents, a uniform distribution of temperature.

Design/methodology/approach

– The equipment consists of a metallic shielding chamber where the objects to be disinfested are placed. Here, through appropriate openings in the walls, electromagnetic energy at the frequency of the microwaves is introduced. The electromagnetic waves provoke a heating effect in the infesting biological forms with no significant thermal effects in the materials of the artistic object due to the different dielectric characteristics and to the very little percentages of water in them.

Findings

– The uniform distribution of temperature guarantees that the organisms or the microorganisms are heated up over their lethal temperature while the temperature reached by the object and its spatial variations do not provoke deformations.

Practical implications

– The current technologies employed in disinfestation of works of art present big limits as regards excessive treatment times, risks of pollution both for the operator and for the environment and possible damage to the treated objects.

Originality/value

– This new system described in the paper gives complete effectiveness of disinfestation, with a rapid treatment, without damage to the objects, with total protection for the operators and the possibility of re‐using the object immediately after the disinfestation process.

Keywords:

Wood, Micro‐organisms, Electromagnetic induction, Microwaves ovens, Reverberating chamber, Disinfestation

Type:

Technical paper

Publisher:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright:

© Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2012
Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited

For further details log on website :
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/03321641211227438

Microwave characterisation and detection of wood decay

Author(s):

Graham Brodie (¹ Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Australia ), 

Berhan Ahmed (¹ Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Australia ), 

Mohan Jacob (² School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Australia )

Citation:

Graham Brodie, Berhan Ahmed, Mohan Jacob, (2012) "Microwave characterisation and detection of wood decay", World Journal of Engineering, Vol. 9 Iss: 4, pp.265 - 272

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Abstract:

The transparency of wood to microwave radiation is subject to changes in the wood's properties caused by softening of the wood material during fungal attack or the addition of moisture. A prototype microwave system that measures microwave attenuation and phase delay between two antennae was developed to detect fungal decay in wood at equilibrium moisture content. A total of twelve wooden stakes of 200 x 65 x 65 mm Pinus radiata (softwood) and twelve stakes of Eucalyptus regnans (hardwood) of the same dimensions were exposed to soil containing decay fungi for 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks in an Accelerated Field Simulator (AFS), which is a climate conditioned room that simulates humid tropical conditions. A control set of three stakes of each wood type was also included in the experiment. Samples were washed and dried in an oven before testing with the prototype system. Orienting the antennae such that the microwave field was perpendicular to the wood grain could not distinguish between sound and decayed wood; however orienting the antennae so that the microwave fields were parallel to the wood grain and having the antennae pressed against the wood sample easily distinguished between sound wood and decayed wood. The phase delay data could not distinguish between sound or decayed wood.

Keywords:

Wood, Prototype microwave system, Fungal decay, Detection

Publisher:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright:

Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited

For further details log on website :
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1260/1708-5284.9.4.265

Eco‐friendly tannin‐phenol formaldehyde resin for producing wood composites

Author(s):

S. Jahanshaei (Faculty of Forestry, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran)

T. Tabarsa (Faculty of Forestry, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran)

J. Asghari (Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran)

Citation:

S. Jahanshaei, T. Tabarsa, J. Asghari, (2012) "Eco‐friendly tannin‐phenol formaldehyde resin for producing wood composites", Pigment & Resin Technology, Vol. 41 Iss: 5, pp.296 - 301

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699421211264857

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The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 343 times since 2012

Abstract:

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of an eco‐friendly tannin‐phenol formaldehyde resin (PFT) applicable in the wood composite industry.

Design/methodology/approach

– The bark of oak (Quercus castaneifolia) contains a large amount of condensed tannin. Condensed tannin, with a large amount of Catechol groups was considered for reducing the formaldehyde emission level on the adhesive system. Physical characteristics of synthesized PFT resin were evaluated.

Findings

– For optimal extraction, three solvents were used in the extraction process. The results showed that a mixture of water‐methanol (1:1 v/v) as extracting solvent is the best solvent and yields about 14 per cent tannin based on dry weight of bark. For producing tannin phenol formaldehyde adhesive, 10 per cent, 20 per cent and 30 per cent (based on PF dry weight) of PF, substituted with natural extracted tannin. For evaluating PFT performance effects of percentage amount of substitution tannin content on the gel time, viscosity, pH, and density of adhesives were evaluated. Based on emission test (JIS A 1460‐2001) formaldehyde emission of PFT 10 per cent, 20 per cent and 30 per cent were 1.13, 1.12 and 0.4 mg/100 g, which is very low compared with tannin‐free PF.

Research limitations/implications

– Tannin‐PF adhesive compared to PF adhesive had lower PH, higher viscosity and shorter gel time.

Practical implications

– The method developed provides a simple and excellent renewable resource “tannin” which can be used or partially substituted in phenol formaldehyde adhesive.

Originality/value

– Results showed that replacing PF for tannin reduces modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) slightly but has significant effects on IB, water absorption and thickness swelling.

Keywords:

Resins, Composite materials, Wood, Adhesives, Wood composite, Bark, Phenol formaldehyde, Extracted tannin

Type:

Research paper

Publisher:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright:

© Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2012
Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited

For further details log on website :
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/03699421211264857

Strategic transformation in the value-added wood products companies: Case study evidence from China

Author(s):

Minli Wan (Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland)

Katja Lähtinen (Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland)

Anne Toppinen (University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland)

Citation:

Minli Wan , Katja Lähtinen , Anne Toppinen , (2015) "Strategic transformation in the value-added wood products companies: Case study evidence from China", International Journal of Emerging Markets, Vol. 10 Iss: 2, pp.224 - 242

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-09-2012-0107

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The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 635 times since 2015

Abstract:

Purpose

– China is a leading country in the production, consumption and exports of value-added wood products. Despite this fact, the sources of competitiveness and the existing strategies in the Chinese wood products companies have not been profoundly studied in an international context. The purpose of this paper is to fill these gaps by exploring managerial perceptions of these issues. 

Design/methodology/approach

– The theoretical ingredients originating from the value chain theory, functional upgrading, the dynamic capability perspective and the natural resource-based view were combined to explore the shift of business functions and sources of the firm-level competitiveness in the Chinese wood products companies. In the empirical part, data from qualitative semi-structured interviews made with 28 managers of seven companies in China based on the case study method were used. 

Findings

– Our results indicate a transition from non-branded manufacturing to original equipment manufacturing to original brand manufacturing business model. With this strategic transformation, the amount of resources and the relative importance of intangible resources increased and the nature of tangible resources also changed. 

Practical implications

– Chinese companies tend to shift from low-value-added to high-value-added products production. Our results are not only informative about the current situation of the Chinese wood products companies, but also can be used as a background for assessing the impact of China’s increasing competitiveness on the future international wood products market. 

Originality/value

– The dynamic capability perspective was incorporated in a new empirical approach to study the strategic management of woodworking industries, and our results provide new information on the importance of intangible resources for firm competitiveness.

Keywords: 

China, Strategic, Transformation, Companies, Products, Wood

Publisher:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright:

© Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2015
Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited

For further details log on website :
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/IJOEM-09-2012-0107

Author(s):

Clemens Gebhardt (Institute for Structural Analysis, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.)

Michael Kaliske (Institute for Structural Analysis, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.)

Citation: 

Clemens Gebhardt , Michael Kaliske , (2015) "Reliable simulation of timber structures by combined load and displacement control", Engineering Computations, Vol. 32 Iss: 3, pp.766 - 778

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EC-04-2014-0069

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The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 104 times since 2015

Abstract:

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to propose a path-finding algorithm to solve problems with an arbitrary load-displacement relationship which results from geometrical and material nonlinear models to simulate e.g. timber structures realistically. 

Design/methodology/approach

– A method using combined load and displacement control for the Newton method along with path-characterising measures and sub-incremention is introduced. A path-related stiffness measure is used to identify the situation when it is necessary to select the displacement control and chose the best degree of freedom as a parameter instead of the load factor. The nonlinearity index extracts information about the convergence behaviour during one incremental step. Together with the reduction of the load increments it avoids leaving the equilibrium path. 

Findings

– The method is discussed based on numerical examples with highly nonlinear behaviour. It is capable to solve systems with decreasing load capacity and snap-back effects. 

Originality/value

– The algorithm combines load and displacement control and adaptively choses the method and the corresponding degree of freedom and cares for reliable path following.

Keywords: 

Finite element analysis, Wood, Nonlinear physical behaviour, Path-finding, Snap-back, Timber structures

Publisher:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Acknowledgments: 

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the work by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy (BMWi). This work is carried out within the framework of the Central Innovation Program SME (Zentrales Innovationsprogramm Mittelstand – ZIM). The authors also acknowledge the contributions to the presented algorithm by Dr-Ing. Eckart Resch.

Copyright:

© Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2015
Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited

For further details log on website :
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/EC-04-2014-0069

Sliding wear behavior of magnetron sputtered chromium carbide thin films

Author(s):

Nasser Eddine Beliardouh (Laboratoire Ingénierie des Surfaces (LIS), Université Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria)

Corinne Nouveau (Laboratoire Bourguignon des Matériaux et Procédés (LaBoMaP), Arts et Métiers ParisTech de Cluny, Cluny, France)

Hakan Kaleli (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Automotive Division,Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey)

Citation:

Nasser Eddine Beliardouh , Corinne Nouveau , Hakan Kaleli , (2016) "Sliding wear behavior of magnetron sputtered chromium carbide thin films", Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 68 Iss: 4, pp.452 - 457

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ILT-11-2015-0160

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The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 57 times since 2016

Abstract:

Purpose

The purpose of this technical paper is to investigate the friction and wear behavior of inexpensive and durable cutting tools, developed for wood machining using duplex treatment.

Design/methodology/approach

Cr–(WC–Co) coatings were deposited onto carburized low-alloy steel substrate by a reactive magnetron sputtering. The total coating thickness was approximately 2 μm. Unlubricated wear tests have been performed using a disc sample sliding against an alumina ball (Al₂O₃) and a wood (beech) pin.

Findings

The paper provides information about the effect of duplex treatment on the surface properties of low-alloy steel against wood and offers practical help for the researchers in coating topic.

Originality/value

Experimental results showed that sliding wear properties of the selected coatings are strongly dependent on the counter-face material. When tested against alumina balls, the wear mechanisms are oxidative wear followed by a combination of adhesive and abrasive wear, while a combination of an oxidative and adhesive wear was the main wear mechanism observed against a wood pin.

Keywords:

Coatings, Wear, Friction, Wood, Cutting tool, Duplex-treatment

Type:

Research Paper

Publisher:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Received:

01 November 2015

Revised:

16 December 2015

Accepted:

16 December 2015

Acknowledgments:

The authors would like to thank Dr M.J. Walock, Dr A. Zairi, Dr P. Jacquet, D. Lagadrillère and R. Fliti for their support in the experimental work.

Copyright:

© Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2016
Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Licensed re-use rights only

For further details log on website :
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/ILT-11-2015-0160

Potential methods of adjustment to declining imports of Russian roundwood for the Finnish pulp and paper industry

Author(s):

Teijo Palander (Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland)

Lauri Vesa (Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland)

Citation: 

Teijo Palander, Lauri Vesa, (2011) "Potential methods of adjustment to declining imports of Russian roundwood for the Finnish pulp and paper industry", The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 22 Iss: 2, pp.222 - 241

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09574091111156569

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The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 514 times since 2011

Abstract:

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate optimal strategic decision alternatives for Finnish pulp production companies in response to rising export tariffs on Russian roundwood. Traditionally, increasing the domestic or Russian supply to pulp mills satisfied their wood requirements. However, once this conventional strategy could no longer be implemented (in 2008), the wood requirements were met by adjusting pulp production (reducing) and wood procurement (increasing domestic procurement).

Design/methodology/approach

– As the primary research data for the study, the procurement situation in 2005 was used to describe the conventional business strategy for purchasers of Russian or domestic roundwood. Possible business strategies were then simulated for changing pulp production by Stora Enso, with the goal of adjusting roundwood requirements, to develop a globally‐optimal strategy to solve the procurement problem.

Findings

– After removing production by the northernmost Finnish pulp mill, the authors could not find a globally optimal solution for the wood‐procurement problem. It was found that Russia's tax policy (high export tariffs on roundwood) will have large implications for Finnish wood procurement (i.e. the use of domestic wood vs imported Russian roundwood), and can dramatically change the basis, type, and location of pulp mills. The reduction or total elimination of imported Russian roundwood caused severe supply shortages and reduced pulp production.

Originality/value

– Based on the results of analysis, the authors recommend adjustment methods to assist strategic wood‐procurement decisions, given the need to adapt wood‐procurement logistics to an unpredictable and complicated pulp production environment that requires continual optimization of the wood flow.

Keywords: 

Finland, Pulp production, Wood, Imports, Russia, Export tariffs, Supply chain management, Strategic planning, Demand management, Procurement

Type:

Research paper

Publisher:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright:

© Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2011
Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited

For further details log on website :
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/09574091111156569