Value-added Wood Composite Laboratory

The Value-added Wood Composite Laboratory is located in Room 236 at the Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Center (www.fapc.biz), Oklahoma State University. The laboratory is used to develop various types of wood composite panels such as particleboard and fiberboard, primarily from under-utilized species in Oklahoma and mid-south region and evaluate their physical and mechanical properties. For further information please contact: Salim Hiziroglu Professor 303-G Agricultural Hall Department of Natural Resource Ecology & Management Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-6013   Phone : (405) 744-5445 Fax: (405) 744-3530 E-mail: salim.hiziroglu@okstate.edu
	Dr. Salim Hiziroglu
Rotary-type resin mixing drum with spray gun	Particleboard forming box
Unpressed mat	Hot press with 24 in by 24 in (60.9 cm by 60.9 cm) platen size and 900 psi (6,201) kPa platen pressure capacity
Unpressed mat	Pressing process
Pressed panel	Fiberboard forming box
Hand operated hot press with 6 in by 6 in (15.2 cm by 15.2 cm) platen size and 400 psi (2,756kPa) platen pressure capacity	ComTen testing system with 2,000 lb loadcell capacity
Hotplate to prepare internal bond strength samples	Portable stylus type surface profilometer
	Tablesaw
Stereomicroscope

For further details log on website :
http://nrem-old.okstate.edu/faculty/researchlabs/Hiziroglu/WoodCompLab/WoodCompLab.htm

A COMPATIBLE ESTIMATION MODEL OF STEM VOLUME AND TAPER FOR Acacia mangium Willd. PLANTATIONS

Author

Haruni Krisnawati

Abstract

This study describes the establishment of  a compatible volume estimation model for Acacia mangium Willd on the basis of  279 felled sample trees collected from the A. mangium plantation stands in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The model comprises of  a total volume model and a stem taper model, which is compatible in the sense of  the total volume obtained by integration of  the taper model being equal to that computed by the total volume model. Several well-known total volume functions were evaluated including constant form factor, combined variable, generalized combine variable, logarithmic, generalized logarithmic and Honer transformed variables. A logarithmic model was determined to be the best and was then used as the basis for deriving the taper model. Appropriate statistical procedures were used in model fitting to account for the problems of  heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation that are associated with the construction of  volume and taper functions. The simultaneous fitting method of  the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) improved the parameter estimates and goodness-of-fit statistics while ensuring numeric consistency among the component models and reducing the total squared error obtained by an independent fitting method. The developed model can be used to estimate total stem volume, merchantable volume to any merchantability diameter limit at any height, and (possibly) height of  any diameter based on only easily measurable parameters such as diameter at breast height and total tree height for the species analysed.

Keywords

Acacia mangium, Indonesia, compatible volume, taper

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdul-Kader, R., & Sahri, M. H. (1993). Properties and utilization. In K. Awang & D. Taylor (Eds.), Acacia mangium: Growing and utilization (pp. 225–241). Bangkok: Winrock International and FAO.

Bi, H. (1999). Predicting stem volume to any height limit for native tree species in southern New South Wales and Victoria. New Zealand Journal of Forest Science, 29, 318–331.

Bi, H., & Hamilton, F. (1998). Stem volume equations for native tree species in southern New South Wales and Victoria. Australian Forestry, 61, 275–286.

Burkhart, H. E., & Sprinz, P. T. (1984). Compatible cubic volume and basal area projection equations for thinned old-field loblolly pine plantations. Forest Science, 30, 86–93.

Bustomi, S. (1988). Tabel isi pohon lokal Acacia mangium Willd. untuk daerah Balikpapan Kalimantan Timur. Buletin Penelitian Hutan, 495, 31–38.

Byrne, J. C., & Reed, D. D. (1986). Complex compatible taper and volume estimation systems for red and loblolly pine. Forest Science, 32, 423–443.

Cecilia, R. C., Mason, E. G., Woollons, R., & Resquin, F. (2014). Volume and taper equations for P. taeda (L.) and E. grandis (Hill ex. Maiden). Agrociencia Uruguay, 18, 47–60.

Clutter, J. L. (1980). Development of taper functions from variable-top merchantable volume equations. Forest Science, 26, 117–120.

Clutter, J. L., Fortson, J. C., Pienaar, L. V, Brister, G. H., & Bailey, R. L. (1983). Timber management: A quantitative approach. New York: Wiley.

Corral-Rivas, J. J., Diéguez-Aranda, U., Rivas, S. C., & Dorado, F. C. (2007). A merchantable volume system for major pine species in El Salto, Durango (Mexico). Forest Ecology and Management, 238, 118–129.

Demaerschalk, J. P. (1973). Integrated systems for the estimation of tree taper and volume. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 3, 90–94.

Dieguez-Aranda, U., Castedo-Dorado, F., AlvarezGonzalez, J. G., & Rojo, A. (2006). Compatible taper function for Scots pine plantations in north western Spain. Canadian Journal of Forestry Research, 36, 1190 1205.

Fang, Z., & Bailey, R. L. (1999). Compatible volume and taper models with coefficients for tropical species on Hainan Island in Southern China. Forest Science, 45, 85–100.

Fang, Z., Borders, B. E., & Bailey, R. L. (2000). Compatible volume-taper models for loblolly pine and slash pine based on a system with segmented-stem form factors. Forest Science, 46, 1–12.

Furnival, G. M. (1961). An index for comparing equations used in constructing volume tables. Forest Science, 7, 337–341.

Harbagung, & Krisnawati, H. (2009). Stem taper model for Khaya anthoteca C.DC. plantation in Pasirhantap Experimental Forest, Sukabumi, West Java (in Indonesian with English abstract). Forest and Natural Conservation Research Journal, 6(1), 13–24.

Hardiyanto, E. B., Anshori, S., & Sulistyono, D. (2004). Early results of site management in Acacia mangium plantations at PT. Musi Hutan Persada, South Sumatra, Indonesia. In E. K. S. Nambiar, J. Ranger, A. Tiarks, & T. Toma (Eds.), Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Plantation Forests (pp. 93–108). Bogor: CIFOR.

Huang, S. (1999). Ecoregion-based individual tree height-diameter models for lodgepole pine in Alberta. Western Journal of Applied Forestry, 14, 186–193.

Husch, B., Beers, T. W., & Kershaw, J. A. (2003). Forest mensuration. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Jiang, L., Brooks, J. R., & Wang, J. (2005). Compatible taper and volume equations for yellow-poplar in West Virginia. Forest Ecology and Management, 213, 399–409.

Judge, G. G., Hill, R. C., Griffiths, W. E., Lütkepohl, H., & Lee, T. C. (1988). Introduction to the theory and practice of econometrics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Kozak, A. (2004). My last words on taper functions. The Forestry Chronicle, 80, 507–515. Kozak, A., & Smith, J. H. G. (1993). Standards for evaluating taper estimating systems. The Forestry Chronicle, 69, 438–444.

Krisnawati, H., & Bustomi, S. (2004). Clearbole volume estimation model for sungkai (Peronema canescens) in the Forest District of Banten. Forest Research Bulletin, 644, 39–50.

Krisnawati, H., Kallio, M., & Kanninen, M. (2011). Acacia mangium Willd.: Ecology, silviculture and productivity. Bogor: CIFOR.

Krisnawati, H., & Wahjono, D. (2003). The use taper model for estimating tree stem volume of matoa (Pometia pinnata Forst.) in Halmahera, Maluku. Forest Research Bulletin, 637, 11–24.

Krisnawati, H., Wahjono, D., & Iriantono, D. (1997). Tree volume table and stem taper of Acacia mangium Willd. in Parungpanjang Seed Orchard, Bogor, West Java. Seed Technology Bulletin, 4, 12–27.

Li, R., & Weiskittel, A. R. (2010). Comparison of model forms forestimating stem taper and volume in the primary coniferspecies of North American Acadian Region. Annals Forest Science, 67, 302–520.

Martin, A. J. (1984). Testing volume equation accuracy with water displacement. Forest Science, 30, 41–50.

Max, T. A., & Burkhart, H. E. (1976). Segmented polynomial regression applied to taper equations. Forest Science, 22, 283–289.

Mc Tague, J. P., & Bailey, R. L. (1986). Simultaneous total and merchantable volume equations and a compatible function for loblolly pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 17, 87–92. Munro, D. D., &

Demaerschalk, J. (1974). Taperbased versus volume-based compatible estimating systems. The Forestry Chronicle, 50, 197–199. National Research Council. (1983). Mangium and other fast-growing acacias for the humid tropics. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.

Navar, J., & Rodriguez-Flores, F. J Dominguez Calleros, P. A. (2013). Taper functions and merchantable timber for temperate forests of northern Mexico. Annals of Forest Research, 56, 165–178.

O¨zçelik, R., & Brooks, J. R. (2012). Compatible volume and taper models for economically important tree species of Turkey. Annals of Forest Science, 69, 105–118.

Ratkowsky, D. A. (1990). Handbook of nonlinear regression. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.

Reed, D., & Green, E. (1984). Compatible stem taper and volume ratio equations. Forest Science, 30, 977–990.

Rojo, A., Perales, X., Sánchez-Rodríguez, F., Álvarez González, J. G., & Gadow, K.V. (2005). Stem taper functions for maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in Galicia (Northwestern Spain). European Journal of Forest Research, 124, 177– 186.

SAS Institute Inc. (2005). SAS/ETS User’s guide, version 9.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Sharma, M., & Zhang, S. Y. (2004). Variableexponent taper Equations for jack pine, black spruce, and balsam fir in eastern Canada. Forest Ecology and Management, 198, 39–53.

Snowdorn, P. (1991). A ratio estimator of bias correction in logarithmic regression. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 21, 720–724.

Sumarna, K., & Bustomi, S. (1986). Local tree volume table of Acacia mangium Willd. for the region of Subanjeriji, South Sumatra. Forest Research Bulletin, 487, 41–49.

Teshome, T. (2005). A ratio approach for predicting stem merchantable volume and associated taper equations for Cupressus lusitanica, Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 204, 171–179.

Tewari, V. P., & Kumar, V. S. K. (2003). Volume equations and their validation for irrigated plantations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in the hot desert of India. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 15, 136–146.

Wahjono, D., Krisnawati, H., & Bustomi, S. (1995). Local tee volume table of Acacia mangium in Labuhan Batu District, North Sumatra. Forest Research Bulletin, 589, 39–54.

Williams, M. S., & Gregoire, T. G. (1993). Estimating weights when fitting linear regression models for tree volume. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 23, 1725–1731.

Williams, M. S., & Schreuder, H. T. (1996). Prediction of gross tree volume using regression models with non-normal error distributions. Forest Science, 42, 419–430.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2016.3.1.49-64

For further details log on website :
http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index.php/IJFR/article/view/641

IMPACTS, PATTERNS, INFLUENCING FACTORS AND POLICIES OF FUELWOOD EXTRACTION IN WAY KAMBAS NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA

Author

Ari Rakatama

Abstract

Uncontrolled fuelwood extraction from conservation forest of  Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) could threaten the existing forest. This paper studies the way to tackle the forest degradation in WKNP, with less negative impacts to the local people. Study was conducted by analysing existing data and maps of  WKNP in terms of forest degradation, forest inventories, current policies, survey on how fuelwood is extracted, observation on fuelwood gatherers, fuelwood demand, and identification of  further policy options. Results show that the most significant factors influencing the fuelwood extraction activity in WKNP are land ownership, followed  by the distance to forest area, income level, the number of  household members and age of  household head. In the field, the fuelwood utilization is allowed by WKNP Authority, although it is formally forbidden.It was stated that fuelwood extraction in the area should be less than 2.89 ton/ha/year to maintain its sustainability, based on the mean WNKP forest tree annual increment. The fact shows that fuelwood extraction in WKNP reduces of  forest biomass stock (1.06 tons/ha/year) and decreases species diversity index (from 3.05 to 2.45), species evenness index (from 1.06 to 0.91) and old-young tree ratio (from 1.29 to 1). Ecosystem quality reduction is mainly caused by destructive techniques in extracting fuelwood such as slashing, scratching cambium, and cutting trees. Therefore, recommended policy includes legalizing fuelwood extraction with restrictions, providing alternative fuelwood and other biomass energy resources outside WKNP, conducting preventive (establishing checkpoints and increasing patrols) and pre-emptive (educating and campaigning) efforts, collaborating  with other stakeholders, and empowering local economy.

Keywords

fuel-wood; national park; forest extraction; deforestation; rural energy

Full Text:

PDF

References

Arnold, M., Köhlin, G., Persson, R., & Shepherd, G. (2003). Fuelwood revisited: what has changed in the last decade?. Occasional Paper No. 39. Bogor : Center for International Forestry Research.

Black, K. (2008). Business statistics for contemporarydecision making. (5th Edition). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Broadhead, J., Bahdon, J., & Whiteman, A. (2001). Wood-fuel consumption modelling and results. (Annex 2) in Past Trends and Future Prospects for the Utilization of Wood for Energy (No. GFPOS/WP/05). Rome.

Brown, G., Tolsma, A., Murphy, S., Miehs, A., McNabb, E., & York, A. (2010). Ecological impacts of firewood collection - A literature review to inform firewood management on public land in Victoria. Melbourne: Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment.

Brown, S., Gillespie, A. J. R., & Lugo, A. E. (1989). Biomass estimation methods for tropical forests with applications to forest inventory data. Forest Science, 35, 881–902.

Chanal, M. (2012). How is 100 % renewable energy possible in South Korea by 2020? (pp. 1–33). Global Energy Network Institute.

Cresswell, J. (1994). Research design qualitative quantitative and mixed methods approaches. London: Sage. (pp. 3–26). doi:10.3109/08941 939.2012.723954

Department of Forestry. (2005). Fuelwood consumption 2002 – 2004. Jakarta: Centre for Forestry Planning and Statistics, Forestry Planning Agency.

Forestry Act No 41 (1999). Republic of Indonesia.

Goverment Regulation No 28: Management of Nature Reserve Areas and Nature Conservation Areas (2011). Republic of Indonesia.

Johannesen, A. B. (2006). Designing Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs): Illegal hunting, Wildlife Conservation, and the Welfare of the Local People. Environment and Development Economics, 11, 247–267.

Lampung Timur’s Bureau of Statistics. (2010). Labuhan Ratu in numbers 2009/2010. Sukadana: Lampung Timur’s Bureau of Statistics. Ludwig, J. A., & Reynolds, J. F. (1988). Statistical ecology : A premier of methods and computing. New York: Wiley Press.

Magurran, A. E. (1988). Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Mathews, E. (2009). Undying flame: the continuing demand for wood as fuel. World Resource Institute. Retrieved from http://earthtrends. wri.org/text/ energyresources/feature-3.html [01/11/2011]

Mehta, V. K., Sullivan, P. J., Walter, M. ., Krishnaswamy, J., & DeGloria, S. D. (2008). Ecosystem impacts of disturbance in a dry tropical forest in Southern India. Ecohydrol, 1, 149–160.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2002). World energy outlook.

Sankaran, M., & McNaughton, S. J. (2005). Terrestrial Plant-herbivore interactions: Integrating across multiple determinants and trophic levels. In M. E (Ed.), Vegetation ecology (pp. 265–285). Malden, USA: Blackwell Publishing.

Simon, H. (1999). Pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Skutsch, M., & Ghilardi, A. (2008). Energy Access In REDD: Prospects for socially responsible woodfuel 46 interventions. Centro de Investigacionesen Geografía Ambiental. Morelia, Mexico: UNAM.

Verhoest, C., & Ryckmans, Y. (2012). Industrial wood pellets report. Laborelec, PellCert, and Intelegent Energy Europe.

Verplanke, J. J., & Zahabu, E. (2009). A field guide for assessing and monitoring reduced forest degradation and carbon sequestration by local communities. Project team KYOTO: Think Global, Act Local (K: TGAL), Department of Technology and Sustainable Development, University of Twente.

Verschuren, P., & Doorewaard, H. (2010). Designing a research project. 2nd Ed. Hague: Eleven International Publishing.

WKNP Authority. (2011). Management plan of forest rehabilitation in WKNP 2012-2016. Labuhan Ratu: WKNP Authority.

Yamane, T. (1967). Elementary sampling theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc..

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2016.3.1.33-47

For further details log on website :
http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index.php/IJFR/article/view/1563

EARLY GROWTH AND STAND VOLUME PRODUCTIVITY OF SELECTED CLONES OF Eucalyptus pellita

Author

Teguh Setyaji, Sri Sunarti, Arif Nirsatmanto

Abstract

Using current technologies, several forest plantation companies in Indonesia are pursuing clonal forestry program with E. pellita to increase plantation productivity using selected clones. This paper evaluates the early growth and stand volume productivity of  selected clones of  E. pellita as part of  a breeding program for pulpwood.  Two clonal trials of  E. pellita were established in Central Java with two different plot configurations: single tree-plot and multiple tree-plot. Trial evaluation was done at two years age involving tree height, diameter, stem volume and stand volume. Result show that among the clones there were significant differences for all traits assessed. All of  the tested clones exceeded the control seedling of  F-1 generation by 9-50% for height, 10-36% for diameter and 22-137% for stem volume, respectively. Clonal repeatability ranged from 0.7-0.9, with corresponding individual ramet repeatability ranged from 0.2-0.4.  Overall stand volume productivity at given age reached 15 m³/ha.

Keywords

Eucalyptus pellita; clone; clonal forestry; growth; stand volume

Full Text:

PDF

References

Borralho, N. M. G., Almeida, I. M., & Cotterill, P.P. (1992). Genetic control of young Eucalyptus globulus clone in Portugal. Silvae Genetica, 41(2), 100–105.

De Assis, T. F., Rezende, G. D. S. P., & Aguiar, A. M. (2012). Current status of breeding and deployment for clonal forestry with tropical eucalypt hybrids in Brazil. Retrieved November 24, 2014, from http://www.celsofoelkel.com.br/artigos/outros/Arquivo2012

Falconer, D. S. (1989). Introduction to quantitative genetics (Longman Sc.). New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Gonçalves, P. D. S., Silva, M. D. A., Regina, L., Gouvêa, L., Borracha, E. P. D. E., & Hevea, E. M. (2006). Genetic variability for girth growth and rubber yield in Hevea brasiliensis. Science Agriculture, 3(June), 246–254. doi:10.1590/ S0103-90162006000300006

Gwaze, D. P., Bridgwater, F. E., & Lowe, W. J. (2000). Performance of interspecific F1 eucalypt hybrids in Zimbabwe. Forest Genetics, 7(4), 295–303.

Hardiyanto, E. B. (2010a). Advanced tree improvement (Lecture Module). Yogyakarta: Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University.

Hardiyanto, E. B. (2010b). Intensive silviculture practice in Indinesia. In A. Rimbawanto, F. Febrianto, & E. T. Komar (Eds.), Proceedings of International Seminar Researcher on Plantation Forest Management: Challenges and Opportunities. (pp. 33–38). Center for Plantation Forest Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia.

Hardiyanto, E. B., & Tridasa, A. M. (2000). Early performance. In Proceedings of QFRI/CRCSPF Symposium, Hybrid Breeding and Genetics of Forest Trees, 9-14 April 2000 (pp. 273–279).

Noosa. Queensland. Australia. Kartikaningtyas, D., & Yuliastuti, D. S. (2011). The Cutting technics of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. Informasi Teknis, 9(2). Yogyakarta: CFBTI.

Kien, N. D. (2009). Improvement of Eucalyptus plantation grown pulp production (Doctoral Thesis). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala Libby, W. J., & Ahuja, M. R. (1992). The genetics of clones. In M. R. Ahuja & W. J. Libby.(Eds.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Quaile, D. R. (1988). Early growth performance of selected mondi clones. In G. L. Gibson, A. R. Griffin, & A. C. Matheson (Eds.), Proceeding Conference on Breeding Tropical Trees: Population Structure and Genetic Improvement Strategies in Clonal and Seedling Forestry.

Rufi’ie, Prihatini, A., Subarudi, & Fatmawati, I. S. (2005). The improvement technology of Acacia mangium. In Proceeding of Acacia mangium research seminar (pp. 1 – 6). Bogor: The Center of Social and Forest Policy Research.

Sachs, R. M., Lee, C., Ripperda, J., & Woodward, R. (1988). Selection and clonal propagation of eucalyptus. California Agriculture, 5, 27–31.

Sunarti, S. (2013). Breeding strategy of Acacia hybrid (A. mangium x A. auriculiformis). Gadjah Mada University.

Sunarti, S., Setyaji, T., Nirsatmanto, A., & Kartikaningtyas, D. (2011). General information of clonal test establishment of Acacia hybrid (A. mangium x A. auriculiformis) and Eucalyptus pellita in Wonogiri, Central Java (Fiscal year 2011). Yogyakarta: FTIP.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2016.3.1.27-32

For further details log on website :
http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index.php/IJFR/article/view/1578

PARENT IDENTIFICATION IN A MULTI LOCATION TRIAL SEED ORCHARD OF ACACIA MANGIUM USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS

Author
I. L. G. Nurtjahjaningsih

Abstract

Variation of  parent gametes' contribution might affect the growth patterns among offspring produced from seed orchards. This paper studies the mating system statuses and to identify parent trees that produce good growth performance of  offspring in seedling seed orchard of A. mangium. The study was conducted in two seed orchards, i.e. a first generation seedling seed orchard (F1 SSO) of  A. mangium, used as the parent population hereafter and a multi location trial (MLT) as an offspring population. Based on 10 microsatellite markers, mating system in the F1 SSO was under panmictic equilibrium condition. The good growth trees in the MLT originated from various parent genes contribution in the F1 SSO. Several behaviors were observed: a). the best trees in MLT dominantly originated from singlepair trees, between maternal and paternal trees, in F1 SSO; b). a maternal tree was pollinated by two paternal trees; c). a paternal tree pollinated several maternal trees. Flowering synchronization and genetic compatibility among trees might be responsible for these mating system patterns. In order to maximize seeds production, studies on male and female flowers characteristic should be employed to assess flowering synchronization among individual trees in the seed orchard.

Keywords

Parent identification; seedling seed orchard; multi-location trial; microsatellite

Full Text:

PDF

References

Burczyk, J., & Chalupta, W. (1997). Flowering and cone production variability and its effect on parental balance in a Scots pine clonal seed orchard. Ann. For. Sci, 54, 129–144.

Butcher, P. A., Decroocq, S., Gray, Y., & Moran, G. F. (2000). Development, inheritance and cross-species amplification of microsatellite markers from Acacia mangium. Theor Appl Genet, 101, 1282–1290.

Butcher, P., Harwood, C., & Quang, T. H. (2004). Studies of mating systems in seed stands suggest possible causes of variable outcrossing rates in natural populations of Acacia mangium. Forest Genetics, 11(3-4), 303–309.

Chaix, G., Gerber, S., Razafimaharo, V., Vigneron, P., Verhaegen, D., & Hamon, S. (2003). Gene flow estimation with microsatellites in a Malagasi seed orchard of Eucalyptus grandis. Theor Appl Genet, 107, 705–712.

Dering, M., & Chybicki, I. (2012). Assessment of genetic diversity in two-species oak seed stands and their progeny populations. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 27, 2–9.

Dow, B. D., & Ashley, M. V. (1998). High levels of gene flow in bur oak revealed by paternity analysis using microsatellites. Journal of Heredity, 89, 62–70.

El-Kassaby, Y. A., Fashler, A. M. K., & Sziklai, O. (1984). Reproductive phenology and its impact on genetically improve seed production in a Douglass-fir seed orchard. Silvae Genetica, 33(4-5), 120–125.

El-Kassaby, Y. A., Ritland, K., Fashler, A. M. K., & Devitt, W. J. B. (1998). The role of reproductive phenology upon the mating system of a Douglass-fir seed orchard. Silvae Genetica, 37(2), 76–82.

Goudet, J. (2001). FSTAT (version 2.9.3): A program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixatin indices. Retrieved from www.unil. ch/izea/softwares/fsat.html

Hansen, O. K., & Kjaer, E. D. (2006). Paternity analysis with microsatellites in a danis Abies nordmanniana clonal seed orchard reveals dysfunction. Can. J. For. Res., 36, 1054–1058.

Isoda, K., Yuskianti, V., & Rimbawanto, A. (2002). Verification of full sib relationship of seeds within a pod of Acacia mangium using parentage analysis by microsatellite markers. Paper presented at the advance in genetic improvement of tropical tree species in genetic improvement of tropical tree species. Yogyakarta.

Kalinowski, S. T., Taper, M. L., & Marshall, T. C. (2007). Revising how the computer program CERVUS accomodates genotyping error increase success in paternity assignment. Molecular Ecology, 16, 1099–1106.

Kang, K. S. (2000). Clonal and annual variation of flower production and composition of gamete gene pool in a clonal seed orchard of Pinus densiflora. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 30, 1275–1280.

Larson, E., Hume, G., Andres, J., & Harrison, R. (2012). Post-mating prezygotic barriers to gene exchange between hybridizing field crickets. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 25, 174–186.

Larson, E. L., White, T. A., Ross, C. L., & Harrison, R. G. (2014). Gene flow and the maintenance of species boundaries. Molecular Ecology, 23, 1668–1678.

Maroja, L., Andres, J., Walters, J., & Harrison, R. (2009). Multiple barriers to gene exchange in a field cricket hybrid zone. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 97, 390–402.

Moriguchi, Y., Taira, H., Tani, N., & Tsumura, Y. (2004). Variation of paternal contribution in a seed orchard of Cryptomeria japonica determind using microsatellite markers. Can. J. For. Res., 34, 1683–1690.

Nirsatmanto, A., Leksono, B., Kurinobu, S., & Shiraishi, S. (2004). Realized genetic gain observed in second-generation seedling seed orchards of Acacia mangium in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Forest Research, 9, 265–269.

Nurtjahjaningsih, I. L. G., Saito, Y., Tsuda, Y., & Ide, Y. (2007). Genetic diversity of parental and offspring populations in a Pinus merkusii seedling seed orchard detected by microsatellite markers. Bulletin of the Tokyo University Forest, 118, 1–14. Retrieved from http://www.uf.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/publish/ bulletin/bull/118/01.pdf

Orwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Jamnadass, R., & Anthony, S. (2009). Agroforestree database: A tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. Retrieved from http://www. worldagroforestry.org/resources/databases/agroforestree

Robledo-Arnuncio, J. J., & Gil, L. (2005). Patterns of pollen dispersal in a small population of 2526 Pinus sylvestris L. revealed by total-exclusion paternity analysis. Heredity, 94(1), 13–22. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800542

Saro, I., Robledo-Arnuncio, J. J., González-Pérez,M. A, & Sosa, P. A. (2014). Patterns of pollen dispersal in a small population of the Carianan endemic palm (Phoenix canariensis). Heredity, (January), 1–9. doi:10.1038/hdy.2014.16

Shiraishi, S., & Watanabe, A. (1995). Identification of chloroplast genome between Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc and P. thumbergii Parl based on the polymorphism in rbcL gene. Journal of Japanese Forestry Society, 77, 429–436.

Thomasset, M., Hodkinson, T. R., Restoux, G., Frascaria-Lacoste, N., Douglas, G. C., & Fernández-Manjarrés, J. F. (2014). Thank you for not flowering: conservation genetics and gene flow analysis of native and non-native populations of Fraxinus (Oleaceae) in Ireland. Heredity, 112(6), 596–606.doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.141

Yuskianti, V., & Isoda, K. (2012). Genetic diversity of Acacia mangium seed orchard in Wonogiri Indonesia using microsatellite markers. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 19(3), 141–144. doi:10.4308/hjb.19.3.141

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2016.3.1.19-26

For further details log on website :
http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index.php/IJFR/article/view/1558

UTILIZATION OF AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr.) SAWMILLING WASTE FOR EDIBLE MUSHROOM CULTIVATION MEDIA

Author
Djarwanto Djarwanto, Sihati Suprapti

Abstract

Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr.) is a multipurpose tree that can be utilized for palm sugar, alcoholic drinks, beverages and construction wood. The use of  aren sawdust has not been studied intensively. This study examines the utilization of  aren sawdust as cultivation media for edible mushrooms. Aren sawdust was mixed with rice bran, CaCO₃, gypsum, fertilizers and distilled water before sterilization in 30 minutes pressurized autoclave at 121⁰C and 1.5atm. The mixed media was inoculated with pure cultures containing four mushrooms species (Pleurotus flabellatus, P. ostreatus, P. sajor-caju and Lentinula edodes) and incubated for five weeks to allow mycelium growth producing fruit bodies. The fruit bodies were harvested everyday within four months and examined for its gained mushroom-weight and biological conversion efficiency/BE. The core part of  aren trunk was cut into smaller pieces of  10 cm (width) by 5 cm (thickness), by 120 cm (length). Each core sample was bored from the surface inward, creating holes with a particular distance apart. Each hole was inoculated with pure cultures containing 6 mushroom species (four species above, P. cystidiosus and Auricularia polytricha). The inoculated samples were slanted on bamboo support, and placed in a bamboo hut. Harvesting was carried out everyday after the fruiting body became mature and examined for its gained mushroom weight. Results show that the use of  sawdust supplemented with nutritious material is more likely to improve the mushroom yield than that of  aren sawn-timber core.  In this case, the BE values with aren-sawdust media were 21.97-89.45% (P. flabellatus), 15.36-105.36% (P. ostreatus), 63.88-76.86% (P. sajor-caju), and up to 62.88% (L. edodes). Meanwhile, the yields (gained mushroom weight) with aren sawn-timber media were 210g (P. ostreatus), 368g (P. flabellatus), 331g (P. sajor-caju) and 48g (A. polytricha); however, P. cystidiosus and L. edodes inoculated on aren stem core failed to grow.

References

Diehle, D. A., & Royse, D. J. (1991). Effect of substrate heat treatment on biological efficiency (BE) and size a selected line of Lentinula edodes. In M. J. Maher (Ed.), Proceedings of the 13TH International Congress on the Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi/Dublin/1-6 September 1991. Volume 2. (pp. 517–521). A.A. Balkema/Rotterdam/Brookfield.

Djarwanto, Gandjar, I., & Suprapti, S. (2002). Growth and productivity of Lentinula edodes from East Kalimantan on 15 types of woods sawdust media (in Bahasa Indonesia). In Proceedings of the MAPEKI National Seminar IV 6-9 August 2001, in Samarinda. (pp. VI-37 - VI-43). Samarinda: Faculty of Forestry University of Mulawarman.

Djarwanto, & Suprapti, S. (2001). Utilization of sawdust of small log diameter for three species oyster mushroom media. In S. Prawirohatmodjo, S. N. Nugroho, & A. H. Sutjipto (Eds.), Environment Conservation Through Efficiency Utilization of Forest Biomass (pp. 325–347). Debut Press, Jogjakarta.

Djarwanto, & Suprapti, S. (2010). The effect of seed sources on the growth of oyster mushrooms (in Bahasa Indonesia). Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 29(2), 156–168.

Djarwanto, Suprapti, S., Yamto, & Roliadi, H. (2004). Cultivation of edible mushrooms on sawdust in Karo, North Sumatera. In Procceding of the International Workshop on” Better Utilization of Forest Biomass for Local Community and Environments” 16-17 March, 2004 (pp. 199–210). Bogor-Indonesia: Research and Development Center for Forest Products Technology. Indonesia.

Food and Agriculture Organization. (1982). Growing Jew’s ear mushroom (No. RAPA 5.). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok.

Gusmailina, & Hartoyo. (1989). The chemical analysis of aren stem (Arenga pinnata Merr.) from Jasinga, Bogor. Forest Products Research Journal, 6(6), 353–359.

Heyne, K. (1987). IIndonesia useful plants I (In Bahasa Indonesia). Translation. Jakarta: Forestry Research and Development Agency.

Khan, N. A., Ajmal, M., Inam Ul Haq, M., Javed, N., Asif Ali, M., Binyamin, R., & Khan, S. A. (2012). Impact of sawdust using various woods for effective cultivation of Oyster Mushroom. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44(1), 399–402.

Kristiawan, B., & Budiana, E. P. (2011). Using bomass briquette of artificial log waste as kerosene substitute in sterilization process of Auricularia sp. substrate. In International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials (ICE SEAM 011), Solo-Indonesia 3-4, 2011 (pp. 115–122).

Lempang, M. (2012). Aren trees and its production benefits (in Bahasa Indonesia). Info Teknis EBONI, 9, 37–54.

Narh, D. L., Obodai, M., Baka, D., & Dzomeku, M. (2011). The efficacy of sorghum and millet grains in spawn production and carpophore formation of Pleurotus ostteatus (Jacq. Ex Fr.) Kummer. International Food Research Journal, 18(3), 1143–1148.

Obodai, M., Vowotor, K. A., & Marfo, K. (2002). Performance of various strains of Pleurotus species under Ghanaian conditions. In Sanchez (Ed.), Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (pp. 461–466). Retrieved from http://wsmbmp.org/proceedings/4th international conference/Documentos Word/B WW Prod/6WW-155 Ghanian Cond.OK.doc.

Oei, P. (2005). Small-scale mushroom cultivation oyster , shiitake and wood ear mushrooms (pp. 14–17). Wageningen, The Netherlands: Agromisa Foundation and CTA.

Onyango, B. O., Palapala, V. A., Arama, P. F., Waga, S. O., & Gichimu, B. M. (2011). Suitability of selected supplanted substrates for cultivation of Kenyan native wood ear mushrooms (Auricularia auricula). American Journal of Food Technology, 6(5), 395–403.

Rachman, O., Rohadi, D., & Balfas, J. (1989). Sawing and machining characteristics of aren wood (Arenga pinnata). Forest Products Research Journal, 6(3), 145–151.

Shah, Z. A., Ashraff, M., & Ishtiaq, M. (2004). Comparative study on cultivation and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleuro- tus ostreatus) on the different substrates (wheat straw, leaves, sawdust). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 3(3), 158–160.

Steel, R. G. D., & Torrie, J. H. (1981). Principles and Procedure of Statistics. New York, USA: McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc.

Suprapti, S. (1988). Cultivation of wood destroying fungi I. The effect of rice bran supplementation on oyster mushroom yield. Forest Products Research Journal, 5(6), 337–339.

Suprapti, S., & Djarwanto. (1990). Utilization of rubber wood waste for palatable mushroom growing media (in Bahasa Indonesia). In National Scientific Seminar on the Role of Biology in Biological Resource Management Improvementi. Yogyakarta: Faculty of Biology Gadjah Mada University.

Suprapti, S., & Djarwanto. (1992). The efffect of composting jeungjing wood sawdust on the production of palatable mushrooms (in Bahasa Indonesia). In U. Soetisna, B. Tappa, & E. Sukara (Eds.), Proceedings of the Seminar on Biotechnology Research and Development February, 11-12 1992. (pp. 89–97). Bogor: Reseach Center for Biotechnology, LIPI.

Suprapti, S., & Djarwanto. (1998). Bioconversion of sawdust of five wood species by black ear-mushroom (Auricularia polytricha). In B. Prasetya, Subyakto, S. Yusuf, B. Subiyanto, Y. Sudiyani, & E. Hermiati (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Wood Science Seminar (pp. E23–E28). R & D Center for Apllied Physics, LIPI, Indonesia.

Suprapti, S., & Djarwanto. (2001a). Three kinds of Auricularia auricula mushroom productivites on 20 types of small diameter woods (in Bahasa Indonesia). In Proceedings of the MAPEKI National Seminar IVIV MAPEKI, 6-9 Agustus August 2001, Samarinda. (pp. VI-59 - VI-65). (pp. VI–59 – VI–65). Samarinda: Faculty of Forestry University of Mulawarman

Suprapti, S., & Djarwanto. (2001b). The utilization of wood log as a medium of Pleurotus sajor-caju. In S. Prawirohatmodjo, S. N. Nugroho, & A. H. Sutjipto (Eds.), Environment Conservation Through Efficiency Utilization of Forest Biomass (pp. 333–340). Yogyakarta: Debut Press.

Suprapti, S., & Djarwanto. (2009). Guidelines for the cultivation of shiitake and oyster mushrooms (in Bahasa Indonesia) (p. 60). Bogor: Forest Products Research and Development Center.

Suprapti, S., Djarwanto, & Gandjar, I. (1994). The effect of calcium compound supplementation on sawdust substrate to the biological conversion efficiency of mushroom. In The 7th International congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology Division and Mycology Division, Prague, Czechosslovakia, July 3-8, 1994.

Upadhyay, R. C., & Sing, M. (2010). Production of edible mushrooms. Industrial Application X. In K. Esser (Ed.), The Mycota (2nd ed., pp. 79–100). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Villaceran, A. B., Kalaw, S. P., Natural, P. S., Abella, E. A., & Reyes, R. G. (2006). Cultivation of Thai and Japanese strains of Pleurotus sajor-caju on rice-straw-based Volvariella volvacea mushromm spent and composted rice straw in central Luzon Region, Philippines. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 2(1), 69–75.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2016.3.1.9-18

For further details log on website :
http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index.php/IJFR/article/view/1553

EFFECT OF PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE AND SILVER NITRATE ON DEGRADATION PATHWAYS OF N-OCTADECANE BY Fusarium sp. F092

Author

Asep Hidayat, Sanro Tachibana

Abstract

The aliphatic fraction is usually the largest component in crude oil. Its removal from oil contaminated fields has become an environmental priority and been considered useful for enhancing recovery. Our previous studies reported the isolation of Fusarium sp. F092 based on the ability to degrade chrysene. It also could degrade crude oils and their aliphatics fractions. However, aliphatic degradative pathways in crude oil have not been clearly understood. The identification of aliphatic metabolite pathways using a representative compound n-octadecane was carried out in this study, as well as the effect of Piperonyl Butoxide (PB) and Silver Nitrate (AgNO₃) on the degradation of n-octadecane and its metabolite. We determined that Fusarium sp. F092 had ability to break down n-Octadecane from about 125 to 13 mg L^-1 after 60 days incubation. During degradation, several metabolite products could be detected and identified to form carboxylic acid groups. By the addition of PB and AgNO₃, inhibitor of monooxgenase and dioxygenase enzymes, Fusarium sp. F092 had ability to convert n-octadecane to form alkyl hydroperoxides via terminal oxidation pathway with involving a dioxygenase

Keywords

n-Octadecane; Biodegradation pathway; Fusarium sp. F092

Full Text:

PDF

References

Aoki, Y. (2001). Polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans as endocrine disrupters--what we have learned from Yushodisease. Environmental Research, 86(1), 2–11.

Atlas, R. M. (1981). Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: an environmental perspective. Microbiological Reviews, 45(1), 180–209.

Binazadeh, M., Karimi, I. A., & Li, Z. (2009). Fast biodegradation of long chain n-alkanes and crude oil at high concentrations with Rhodococcus sp. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 45(3), 195–202.

Broderick, J. B., & O’Halloran, T. V. (1991). Over production, purification, and characterization of chlorocatechol dioxygenase, a non-Heme iron dioxygenase with broad substrate tolerance. Biochemistry, 30(29), 7349–7358.

Bugg, T. D. H. (2003). Dioxygenase enzymes: catalytic mechanisms and chemical models. Tetrahedron, 59(36), 7075–7101.

Cerniglia, C. E. (1992). Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Biodegradation, 3, 351–368.

Das, N., & Chandran, P. (2011). Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants: An overview. Biotechnology Research International, 1–13.

Erdogan, E. E., & Karaca, A. (2011). Bioremediation of crude oil polluted soils. Asian Journal of Biotechnology, 3(3), 206–213. doi:10.3923/ajbkr.2011.206.213

Harayama, S., Kishira, H., Kasai, Y., & Shutsubo, K. (1999). Petroleum biodegradation in marine environments. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1(1), 63–70.

Hasanuzzaman, M., Ueno, A., Ito, H., Ito, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Yumoto, I., & Okuyama, H. (2007). Degradation of long-chain n-alkanes (C36 and C40) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain WatG. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 59(1), 40–43. doi:10.1016/j. ibiod.2006.07.010

Hidayat, A., & Tachibana, S. (2012). Biodegradation of aliphatic hydrocarbon in three types of crude oil by Fusarium sp. F092 under stress with artificial sea water. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5(1), 64–73. doi:10.3923/jest.2012.64.73

Hidayat, A., & Tachibana, S. (2013). Crude oil and n-octadecane degradation under saline conditions by Fusarium sp. F092. Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 6, 29–40.

Hidayat, A., Tachibana, S., & Itoh, K. (2012). Determination of chrysene degradation under saline conditions by Fusarium sp. F092, a fungus screened from nature. Fungal Biology, 116(6), 706–714. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2012.04.004.

Hogdson, E., & Levi, P. E. (1998). Interaction of piperonyl butoxide with cytochrome P450. In D. G. Jones (Ed.). Piperonyl butoxide, the insecticide synergist. (pp. 41–54). California: Academy Press.

Juhasz, A. L., & Naidu, R. (2000). Bioremediataion of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons : a review of the microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 45(1-2), 57–88. doi:10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00052-4

Ke, L., Yu, K. S., Wong, Y. S., & Tam, N. F. (2005). Spatial and vertical distribution of polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons in mangrove sediments. Science Total Environment, 340(1), 177–187.

Kim, S. I., Kim, S.-J., Leem, S.-H., Oh, K.H., Kim, S., & Park, Y., -M. (2001). Sitedirected mutagenesis of two cysteines (155,202) in catechol 1,2-dioxygenase I of Acinetobacterlwofii K24. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 34(2), 172–175.

Kim, S. I., Song, S. Y., Kim, K. W., Ho, E. M., & Oh, K. H. (2003). Proteomic analysis of the benzoatedegradation pathway in Acinetobacter sp. KS1.Research in Microbiology,154(10), 697–703.

Lal, B., & Khanna, S. (1996). Degradation of crude oil by Acinetobacter calcoacetius and Alcaligenes odorans. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 81(4), 355–362.

Maeng, J. H., Sakai, Y., Tani, Y., & Kato, N. (1996). Isolation and characterization of a novel oxygenase that catalyzes the first step of n-alkane oxidation in Acinetobacter sp. strain M-1. Journal of Bacteriology, 178(13), 3695– 3700.

Mori, T., & Kondo, R. (2002). Oxidation of dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, biphenyl, and diphenyl ether by the white-rot fungus Phlebia lindtneri. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 60(1-2), 200–205.

Mori, T., Nakamura, K., & Kondo, R. (2009). Fungal hydroxylation of polychlorinated naphthalenes with chlorine migration by wood rotting fungi. Chemosphere, 77(9), 1230–1235. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.046.

Rehm, H. J., & Reiff, I. (2005). Mechanism and occurrence of microbial oxi-dation of long chain alkanes. Advances in Biochemical Engineering, 19, 172–215.

Sakaki, T., & Munetsuna, E. (2010). Enzyme systems for biodegradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 88(1), 23–30. doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2765-2.

Sarma, A., & Sarma, H. (2010). Enhanced biodegradation of oil products by some microbial isolate supplemented with heavy metals. International Journal of Botany, 6(4), 441–448.

Thavasi, R., Jayalakshmi, R., Radhakrishnan, R., & Balasubramanian, T. (2007). Plasmid incidence in four species of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria isolated from oil polluted marine environment. Biotechnology, 6(3), 349–352. doi:10.3923/biotech.2007.349.352

Tsai, S. C., & Li, Y. K. (2007). Purification and characterization of a catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from a phenol degrading Candida albicans TL3. Archives of Microbiology, 187(3), 199–206. doi:10.1007/s00203-006-0187-4

Yemashova, N. A., Murygina, V. P., Zhukov, D.V., Zakharyantz, A. A., Gladchenko, M. A., Appanna, V., & Kalyuzhnyi, S. V. (2007). Biodeterioration of crude oil and oil derived products: A review. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 6(4), 315–337. doi:10.1007/s11157-006-9118-8

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2016.3.1.1-7

For further details log on website :
http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index.php/IJFR/article/view/1579

ROLE OF NON WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS (NWFPs) ON TRIBAL ECONOMY OF GUJARAT, INDIA

Author

1st Vikas Kumar

14.61 · Kerala Agricultural University

Abstract

Non Wood Forest Products play a key role in the life and economy of communities living in and around forests. This paper examines the livelihood of people in a Protected Area and the factors influencing the extent of their dependence on forest. NWFPs have a tremendous potential to create large scale employment opportunity thereby helping in reducing poverty and increasing empowerment of particularly tribal and poor people of the poorest and backward districts of the country. With this view, a study was undertaken predominantly in tribal regions of Gujarat to determine the role of NWFPs in augmenting the income of tribal family. This study was carried out for twelve important NWFPs of Gujarat which revealed that 21519.141 quintals of NWFPs were collected having economic worth of Rs. 386.852 lakhs. It was also observed that Timru leaves production was maximum but economically Mahua flowers alone contributed in getting higher returns. 

ROLE OF NON WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS (NWFPs) ON TRIBAL ECONOMY OF GUJARAT, INDIA (PDF Download Available). 

Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281031449_ROLE_OF_NON_WOOD_FOREST_PRODUCTS_NWFPs_ON_TRIBAL_ECONOMY_OF_GUJARAT_INDIA [accessed Aug 3, 2017].

For further details log on website :
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281031449_ROLE_OF_NON_WOOD_FOREST_PRODUCTS_NWFPs_ON_TRIBAL_ECONOMY_OF_GUJARAT_INDIA