Question Bank on Forestry competitive examinations

Author

1st Vikas Kumar

14.61 · Kerala Agricultural University

Abstract

The book is “Question Bank on Forestry for all competitive examinations”. It deals with all syllabus of general forestry for all competitive exam such as JRF, SRF, SET, ASRB, UPSC, ICFRE, SAU’s, NET, SET, FOREST GUARD, FOREST RANGER, ACF, IBPS, Agricultural Coordinator and various entrance examination of agricultural universities of forestry graduates as well as agricultural back ground. The compilation is an endeavour to present, present day relevant questions in userfriendly / systematic in more reliable way. The questions presented in this book are mostly memory based which has asked in various examination. These set of questions will give the candidates an idea about the question pattern of the above mentioned exams and will be help to those student who wants to pursue their career in Forestry and Agroforestry. 

Question bank on Forestry competitive examinations. 

Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284730411_Question_bank_on_Forestry_competitive_examinations [accessed Aug 3, 2017].

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284730411_Question_bank_on_Forestry_competitive_examinations

Comparison of sapling demography of four dipterocarp species with different seed-dispersal strategies

Published Date
Received 15 June 2004, Revised 5 December 2004, Accepted 5 December 2004, Available online 14 January 2005.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.12.002

Author
YayoiTakeuchia. Numbers and letters correspond to the affiliation list. Click to expose these in author workspaceOpens the author workspaceOpens the author workspace. Author links open the author workspace.TanakaKentab. Numbers and letters correspond to the affiliation list. Click to expose these in author workspaceOpens the author workspace. Author links open the author workspace.TohruNakashizukac. Numbers and letters correspond to the affiliation list. Click to expose these in author workspaceOpens the author workspace

a

Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kamitanakami Hirano-cho, Otsu 520-2113, Japan

b

Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai 053-0035, Japan

c

Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Takashima-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0878, Japan

Abstract

To determine the relative roles of seed dispersal in regeneration, we compared the spatial distribution and demography of four co-occurring dipterocarp species with different seed dispersal strategies: two long-distance seed dispersers with winged seeds (Dipterocarpus globosus and Shorea beccariana) and two short-distance dispersers with wingless seeds (D. tempehes and S. laxa). The spatial distribution and dynamics of saplings of the four species were investigated to test whether seed dispersal confers benefits with respect to either increasing the availability of safe sites or avoiding high mortality near conspecific adults. The median distance between a sapling and the nearest conspecific adult increased with sapling size in the long-distance dispersers. The saplings of short-distance dispersers were largely aggregated near conspecific adults, and the median distance did not change with sapling size. Light- and topography-dependent mortality and density/distance-dependent mortality were observed in some size classes of saplings of both long-distance dispersers. However, the mortality of short-distance dispersers did not show clear density dependence, partly because of the low mortality. We concluded that the functions of long-distance seed dispersal, i.e., escape or colonization, differ with size in D. globosus and S. beccariana, while the short-distance seed dispersers D. tempehes and S. laxa have other mechanisms to avoid mortality.

For further details log on website :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112704008448

Composite Panels Manufactured from Bamboo and Rice Straw

Principle Investigator: Dr. Salim Hiziroglu

Other participants: Songklod Jarusombuti, Department of Forest Products,Kasetsart University Vallayuth Fueangvivat , Piyawade Bauchongkol, Worakit Soontonbura, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, Thailand

Funded by: Agricultural Experimental Station Kasetsart University and Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, Thailand, and FAPC.

This study investigated some of the important properties of particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF) manufactured from non-wood underutilized species, bamboo and rice straw in Thailand. Various type of experimental panels were manufactured using different ratios of both types of raw material. Rice straw did adversely influenced panels properties. However addition of low amount of rice straw in all panels did not substantially reduced both mechanical and physical properties of the samples. Panel made from 100% bamboo resulted in the highest values. Currently sandwich type panels, having thin layers of fiber on the faces and particles in the core of the samples are being manufactured.
Rice Harvesting	Bamboo Plantation
Fiberboard panel manufacturing process

For further details log on website :
http://nrem-old.okstate.edu/faculty/researchlabs/Hiziroglu/Bamboo%20Panels/BambooPanels.html

Surface Characteristics of Japanese Wood Composite Panels

Principle Investigator: Dr. Salim Hiziroglu

Other participants: Dr. Shigehiko Suzuki
Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Japan

Funded by: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
and Agricultural Experimental Station.

This study investigated surface characteristics of commercially manufactured particleboard and fiberboard panels before and after they overlaid with melamine impregnated papers. Overlaid samples exposed to 55% and 93% relative humidity and their surface roughness was evaluated using a stylus type equipment. Significant difference between roughness of the samples at initial condition and 93% relative humidity was determined. Janka hardness of the samples exposed to two humidity levels also resulted in significant difference from each other.

	Overlaying Process
Average Values of roughness parameters
Typical roughness profiles of the samples

For further details log on website :
http://nrem-old.okstate.edu/faculty/researchlabs/Hiziroglu/Japan/JapanesePanels.htm

Resistance of Eastern Redcedar Panels to Damage by Termites

Principal Investigator : Dr. Salim Hiziroglu

Other participants: Dr. Brad Kard, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology
Dr. Mark E. Payton, Department of Statistics
Funded by : Agricultural Experimental Station and FAPC.

This study investigated resistance of experimental particleboard panels manufactured from eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) to feeding by the wood destroying eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar).Eastern redcedar panels with and without foliage were exposed to foraging termites. Particles and blocks sustained some damage by feeding termites but were not equally preferred. In choice test were all particles and panels plus control samples were simultaneously available to foraging termites, radiate pine sustained 44.6% weight loss compared with 2.1 to 6.1 % weight loss for particle and blocks. It appears that redcedar panels tested exhibited moderate resistance against termite damage.

FORAGING SUBSTRATE STERILIZED SAND AND VERMICULATE (10:1 RATIO) STERILE DEIONIZED WATER WAS ADDED  350 ml/1,000 g DRY MIX.
Testing of Termite Survival

For further details logo website:
http://nrem-old.okstate.edu/faculty/researchlabs/Hiziroglu/Termites/redcedar%20termites.htm

Structural Composite Panel Manufactured from Eastern Redcedar

Principle Investigator: Dr. Salim Hiziroglu

Funded by: Agricultural Experimental Station and FAPC.

This study addresses to use low quality eastern redcedar trees to manufacture structural panels. Laboratory type flaker at Forest Product Laboratory, Louisiana State University was employed to produce strands from 6 in long eastern redcedar sections. Initially experimental panels having strands with random distribution were manufactured. Physical and mechanical properties of the samples will be evaluated. In the second part of the study oriented strandboard panels will be produced and their properties will be tested.

Raw Materials	Flaking Process (Louisiana State University, Forest Products Development Center)
Stranding Process	Randomly Oriented Strandboard Forming Box
Unpressed Mat	Pressing of the Panel
Strandboard samples

For further detail slog on website :
http://nrem-old.okstate.edu/faculty/researchlabs/Hiziroglu/Redcedar%20panels/ERC%20panels.htm

Value-added Composite Panels Manufactured from Under-utilized Species in Oklahoma

Principle Investigator : Dr. Salim Hiziroglu

Funded by: Agricultural Experimental Station and FAPC.

Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) , mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) and osage orange (Maclura pomifera) are some of the under-utilized invasive species in Oklahoma. Currently they have very limited uses, such as shelterbelt, wind break, and fence post. This study investigated some of the important properties of experimental panels made from particles of three species and their mixture of 50 %-50% ratio. Whole-tree chipped material was used to manufacture the panels. The samples were tested for mechanical strength and physical stability properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D-1037. Modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of the panels made from 100% eastern redcedar resulted in the highest bending among four types of panels. Thickness swelling of the samples ranged from 11% to 20%. All panels yielded adequate bending strength, stiffness, and internal bond strength. Based on the findings in this study, it appears that whole-tree chipped particles of three species can be used to manufacture value-added panels without having any adverse influence on panel properties.

Eastern redcedar invasion	Eastern redcedar logs
Harvesting of Osage Orange
Pressed panel	3-layer unpressed mat
Bending test set-up	Internal bond strength test set-up

For further details log on website :
http://nrem-old.okstate.edu/faculty/researchlabs/Hiziroglu/Underutilized/underutspp.htm

Value-added Wood Composite Laboratory

The Value-added Wood Composite Laboratory is located in Room 236 at the Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Center (www.fapc.biz), Oklahoma State University. The laboratory is used to develop various types of wood composite panels such as particleboard and fiberboard, primarily from under-utilized species in Oklahoma and mid-south region and evaluate their physical and mechanical properties. For further information please contact: Salim Hiziroglu Professor 303-G Agricultural Hall Department of Natural Resource Ecology & Management Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-6013   Phone : (405) 744-5445 Fax: (405) 744-3530 E-mail: salim.hiziroglu@okstate.edu
	Dr. Salim Hiziroglu
Rotary-type resin mixing drum with spray gun	Particleboard forming box
Unpressed mat	Hot press with 24 in by 24 in (60.9 cm by 60.9 cm) platen size and 900 psi (6,201) kPa platen pressure capacity
Unpressed mat	Pressing process
Pressed panel	Fiberboard forming box
Hand operated hot press with 6 in by 6 in (15.2 cm by 15.2 cm) platen size and 400 psi (2,756kPa) platen pressure capacity	ComTen testing system with 2,000 lb loadcell capacity
Hotplate to prepare internal bond strength samples	Portable stylus type surface profilometer
	Tablesaw
Stereomicroscope

For further details log on website :
http://nrem-old.okstate.edu/faculty/researchlabs/Hiziroglu/WoodCompLab/WoodCompLab.htm

A COMPATIBLE ESTIMATION MODEL OF STEM VOLUME AND TAPER FOR Acacia mangium Willd. PLANTATIONS

Author

Haruni Krisnawati

Abstract

This study describes the establishment of  a compatible volume estimation model for Acacia mangium Willd on the basis of  279 felled sample trees collected from the A. mangium plantation stands in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The model comprises of  a total volume model and a stem taper model, which is compatible in the sense of  the total volume obtained by integration of  the taper model being equal to that computed by the total volume model. Several well-known total volume functions were evaluated including constant form factor, combined variable, generalized combine variable, logarithmic, generalized logarithmic and Honer transformed variables. A logarithmic model was determined to be the best and was then used as the basis for deriving the taper model. Appropriate statistical procedures were used in model fitting to account for the problems of  heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation that are associated with the construction of  volume and taper functions. The simultaneous fitting method of  the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) improved the parameter estimates and goodness-of-fit statistics while ensuring numeric consistency among the component models and reducing the total squared error obtained by an independent fitting method. The developed model can be used to estimate total stem volume, merchantable volume to any merchantability diameter limit at any height, and (possibly) height of  any diameter based on only easily measurable parameters such as diameter at breast height and total tree height for the species analysed.

Keywords

Acacia mangium, Indonesia, compatible volume, taper

Full Text:

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2016.3.1.49-64

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