Author
For further details log on website :
http://www.mssanz.org.au/MODSIM03/Volume_03/B02/09_Purnomo.pdf
H. Purnomoa and Ph. Guizolb
aCIFOR, Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia. Email: h.purnomo@cgiar.org
bCIRAD, Centre de coopération Internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développememnt, Bogor Indonesia. Email: p.guizol@cgiar.org
Abstract: Good forest governance lets all relevant stakeholders participate in the decision-making processes. Illegal logging and forest degradation are currently increasing, and logging bans are ineffective in reducing forest degradation. At the same time interest in forest plantations and concern about poverty problems of people adjacent to forests continue to increase rapidly. Governments have identified the development of small forest plantations as an opportunity to provide wood supplies to forest industries and to reduce poverty. However, the development of small plantations is very slow due to an imbalance of power and suspicion between communities and large companies. Current regulations do not offer many links amongst various stakeholders. The paper proposes a framework to link up social, economic and biophysical dynamics using multiagent simulation to explore scenarios of collaboration for plantations. Multiagent simulation is a branch of artificial intelligence that offers a promising approach to deal with multi-stakeholder management systems, such as the case involving common pool of resources. It provides a framework, which allows analysis of stakeholders’ (or agents’) decisions in interaction. Each stakeholder has explicit communication capacities, behaviors and rational from which emerge specific actions. The purpose of this modeling is to create a common dynamic representation to facilitate negotiations to grow trees. Collaborations involving multi- stakeholders, especially local communities and wood based industries, appeared to offer the most promising pathway to accelerate plantation development toward local communities’ poverty alleviation and forest landscape improvement.
Keywords: Governance, forest plantation, local communities, collaboration, multiagent simulation, multiple stakeholders
aCIFOR, Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia. Email: h.purnomo@cgiar.org
bCIRAD, Centre de coopération Internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développememnt, Bogor Indonesia. Email: p.guizol@cgiar.org
Abstract: Good forest governance lets all relevant stakeholders participate in the decision-making processes. Illegal logging and forest degradation are currently increasing, and logging bans are ineffective in reducing forest degradation. At the same time interest in forest plantations and concern about poverty problems of people adjacent to forests continue to increase rapidly. Governments have identified the development of small forest plantations as an opportunity to provide wood supplies to forest industries and to reduce poverty. However, the development of small plantations is very slow due to an imbalance of power and suspicion between communities and large companies. Current regulations do not offer many links amongst various stakeholders. The paper proposes a framework to link up social, economic and biophysical dynamics using multiagent simulation to explore scenarios of collaboration for plantations. Multiagent simulation is a branch of artificial intelligence that offers a promising approach to deal with multi-stakeholder management systems, such as the case involving common pool of resources. It provides a framework, which allows analysis of stakeholders’ (or agents’) decisions in interaction. Each stakeholder has explicit communication capacities, behaviors and rational from which emerge specific actions. The purpose of this modeling is to create a common dynamic representation to facilitate negotiations to grow trees. Collaborations involving multi- stakeholders, especially local communities and wood based industries, appeared to offer the most promising pathway to accelerate plantation development toward local communities’ poverty alleviation and forest landscape improvement.
Keywords: Governance, forest plantation, local communities, collaboration, multiagent simulation, multiple stakeholders
1. INTRODUCTION
Principle 22 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992) highlights the importance of local people and their participation in sustainable development. In forest plantations, this applies to local communities living in or near forest plantations. In Sabah forest plantation stakeholders believe that many opportunities are met for smallholder forest plantation development. A lot of logged over land is available for plantation. The Sabah natives have the possibility to get security over land and the rural people have the will to invest in forest plantations (to secure their ownership of land, to rehabilitate the landscape, to rehabilitate wildlife resources for hunting, and to invest for themselves and the coming generations). Nevertheless, they do not want to invest as long as the wood prices are low. This situation is a major impediment for development of small plantations.
The challenge is to create the conditions for the co-development of plantation forests and down
Principle 22 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992) highlights the importance of local people and their participation in sustainable development. In forest plantations, this applies to local communities living in or near forest plantations. In Sabah forest plantation stakeholders believe that many opportunities are met for smallholder forest plantation development. A lot of logged over land is available for plantation. The Sabah natives have the possibility to get security over land and the rural people have the will to invest in forest plantations (to secure their ownership of land, to rehabilitate the landscape, to rehabilitate wildlife resources for hunting, and to invest for themselves and the coming generations). Nevertheless, they do not want to invest as long as the wood prices are low. This situation is a major impediment for development of small plantations.
The challenge is to create the conditions for the co-development of plantation forests and down
stream industries using plantation wood. On the
one hand, investors will consider investments into
down-stream industries for plantation wood if
mature plantations are available; they might also
differ such investments as long as faster returns
from natural forest logging exist. On the other
hand, smallholders will not invest in plantations
as long as they do not have the guarantee of better
prices. Currently SAFODA (Sabah Forestry
Development Authority) have to export, at low
price, fast growing wood produced on its own
plantations as the existing paper mill in Sabah
(Sabah Forest Industries) is too far away from
SAFODA plantations.
Sabah State has already invested a lot in smallholders’ plantations and SAFODA Estates. However, this development is in crisis as SAFODA is facing problems in self-financing its development in the current context of low wood prices. It looks like more coordination is needed between the Sabah policy of plantation and smallholder development and wood processing development.
Sabah State has already invested a lot in smallholders’ plantations and SAFODA Estates. However, this development is in crisis as SAFODA is facing problems in self-financing its development in the current context of low wood prices. It looks like more coordination is needed between the Sabah policy of plantation and smallholder development and wood processing development.
For further details log on website :
http://www.mssanz.org.au/MODSIM03/Volume_03/B02/09_Purnomo.pdf
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