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Wednesday 4 October 2017

A Floristic Study of the White-Sand Forests of Peru



Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 97(3):283-305. 2010
https://doi.org/10.3417/2008068
Author
Missouri Botanical Press
Published: October 10, 2010

Author Affiliations

Paul V. A. Fine
Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
Author for correspondence: 
Roosevelt García-Villacorta
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
Nigel C. A. Pitman
Center for Tropical Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Box 90381, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, U.S.A
Italo Mesones
Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
Steven W. Kembel
Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. Current address: Center for Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 335 Pacific Hall, 5289 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-5289, U.S.A.
1This paper is dedicated to the memory of Alwyn H. Gentry, whose work inspired this study. We thank the Dirección General de Areas Naturales Protegidas y Fauna Silvestre–INRENA, which provided necessary permits for study, collection, and exportation of specimens; D. Del Castillo, L. Campos, E. Rengifo, and S. Tello of the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) for logistical support and permission to work in and around the Estación Allpahuayo and the Centro de Investigación Jenaro Herrera; the communities of Tierra Blanca, Tamshiyacu, and Jeberos for permission to work near their villages; S. Irazuzta, Don Meneleo of Jeberos, and F. Vacalla for field assistance; H. Mogollón, N. Dávila, M. Ríos, J. Guevara, M. Ahuite, D. Cardenas, P. Núñez V., and E. Valderrama for their extensive work establishing plots and identifying plants in the non-white-sand plots described in this paper; C. Bode for help with the figures; and S. Brewer and C. Vriesendorp for advice regarding analyses. We thank P.D. Coley for advice during all stages of this project. J. Álvarez Alonso has continually offered guidance and helped us to visit many of the field sites. This research was supported by grants DEB 02069196 (co-principal investigator P.D. Coley) and OISE 0402061 to P.V.A.F. by the National Science Foundation. N.C.A.P.'s work was supported by a National Science Foundation International Research Fellowship (INT-0107368) and the Field Museum's Rapid Biological Inventories program, with support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Copyright & Usage

Missouri Botanical Press

Abstract

Tropical forests occurring on white-sand soils have a unique structure and are famous for their endemism. Yet, no comprehensive floristic study has ever been undertaken in white-sand forests in the western Amazon. Here, we present the results of floristic inventories from 16 plots in seven sites from the Peruvian Amazon to investigate diversity, species composition, and endemism in white-sand forests. We compare our results to a large data set from terra firme forests from more fertile soils in the same region. We found that white-sand forest plots have extremely low average species diversity (41.5 species per 0.1-ha plot) and that white-sand plots have significantly different species composition from terra firme plots. We classify 114 species as endemic to white sand, with another 21 species that can be considered facultative specialists or cryptic endemics. These endemics and specialists are extremely dominant, accounting for more than 83% of the total number of stems surveyed in white-sand forest plots. We place our results in the context of the role of environmental heterogeneity influencing patterns of species diversity and the conservation of Amazonian forests.
Keywords: Amazon, beta-diversity, caatinga, edaphic specialization, endemic species, habitat specialists, heath forests, tropical tree diversity, varillal

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Sarah A. Batterman, Nina Wurzburger, Lars O. Hedin. (2013) Nitrogen and phosphorus interact to control tropical symbiotic N 2 fixation: a test in Inga punctata. Journal of Ecology 101:6, 1400-1408.
Online publication date: 30-Sep-2013.
Crossref
Kabir G Peay, Christopher Baraloto, Paul VA Fine. (2013) Strong coupling of plant and fungal community structure across western Amazonian rainforests. The ISME Journal 7:9, 1852-1861.
Online publication date: 18-Apr-2013.
Crossref
Paul V. A. Fine, Margaret R. Metz, John Lokvam, Italo Mesones, J. Milagros Ayarza Zuñiga, Greg P. A. Lamarre, Magno Vásquez Pilco, Christopher Baraloto. (2013) Insect herbivores, chemical innovation, and the evolution of habitat specialization in Amazonian trees. Ecology 94:8, 1764-1775.
Online publication date: 1-Aug-2013.
Crossref
José Álvarez Alonso, Margaret R. Metz, Paul V. A. Fine. (2013) Habitat Specialization by Birds in Western Amazonian White-sand Forests. Biotropica 45:3, 365-372.
Online publication date: 29-Jan-2013.
Crossref
Paul V. A. Fine, Felipe Zapata, Douglas C. Daly, Italo Mesones, Tracy M. Misiewicz, Hillary F. Cooper, C. E. A. Barbosa. (2013) The importance of environmental heterogeneity and spatial distance in generating phylogeographic structure in edaphic specialist and generalist tree species of Protium (Burseraceae) across the Amazon Basin. Journal of Biogeography 40:4, 646-661.
Online publication date: 9-Jan-2012.
Crossref
Gabriel Damasco, Alberto Vicentini, Carolina V. Castilho, Tânia P. Pimentel, Henrique E.M. Nascimento. (2013) Disentangling the role of edaphic variability, flooding regime and topography of Amazonian white-sand vegetation. Journal of Vegetation Science 24:2, 384-394.
Online publication date: 13-Aug-2012.
Crossref
Nigel C. A. Pitman, Miles R. Silman, John W. Terborgh. (2013) Oligarchies in Amazonian tree communities: a ten-year review. Ecography 36:2, 114-123.
Online publication date: 3-Jan-2013.
Crossref
Claire Fortunel, Paul V. A. Fine, Christopher Baraloto. (2012) Leaf, stem and root tissue strategies across 758 Neotropical tree species. Functional Ecology 26:5, 1153-1161.
Online publication date: 4-Jul-2012.
Crossref
Greg P. A. Lamarre, Christopher Baraloto, Claire Fortunel, Nallarett Dávila, Italo Mesones, Julio Grandez Rios, Marcos Ríos, Elvis Valderrama, Magno Vásquez Pilco, Paul V. A. Fine. (2012) Herbivory, growth rates, and habitat specialization in tropical tree lineages: implications for Amazonian beta-diversity. Ecology 93:sp8, S195-S210.
Online publication date: 1-Aug-2012.
Crossref
Douglas C. Daly and Paul V. A. Fine. (2011) A New Amazonian Section of Protium (Burseraceae) including Both Edaphic Specialist and Generalist Taxa. Studies in Neotropical Burseraceae XVI.. Systematic Botany 36:4, 939-949.
Online publication date: 21-Nov-2011.
Abstract & References : Full Text : PDF (868 KB) : Rights & Permissions 
Paul V. A. Fine, Steven W. Kembel. (2011) Phylogenetic community structure and phylogenetic turnover across space and edaphic gradients in western Amazonian tree communities. Ecography 34:4, 552-565.
Online publication date: 9-Apr-2013.
Crossref
CHRISTOPHER BARALOTO, SUZANNE RABAUD, QUENTIN MOLTO, LILIAN BLANC, CLAIRE FORTUNEL, BRUNO HÉRAULT, NALLARETT DÁVILA, ITALO MESONES, MARCOS RIOS, ELVIS VALDERRAMA, PAUL V. A. FINE. (2011) Disentangling stand and environmental correlates of aboveground biomass in Amazonian forests. Global Change Biology 17:8, 2677-2688.
Online publication date: 2-May-2011.
Crossref
Paul V. A. Fine, Italo Mesones. (2011) The Role of Natural Enemies in the Germination and Establishment of Pachira (Malvaceae) Trees in the Peruvian Amazon. Biotropica 43:3, 265-269.
Online publication date: 5-Apr-2011.
Crossref
For further details log on website :
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3417/2008068
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