A new assessment of internal stress within kiln-dried lumber using a restoring force technique on a half-split specimen

Published Date

Original

First Online: 

23 August 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s00226-016-0852-y

Cite this article as: 

Jantawee, S., Leelatanon, S., Diawanich, P. et al. Wood Sci Technol (2016) 50: 1277. doi:10.1007/s00226-016-0852-y

Author

• Sataporn Jantawee
• Satjapan Leelatanon
• Prawate Diawanich
• Nirundorn MatanEmail author

Abstract

Due to difficulties in determining modulus of elasticity of wood, only strain or deflection profiles caused by relaxation of internal stress are normally evaluated for industrial kiln-dried lumber. To directly assess the level of internal stress within the lumber, a new technique of measuring the restoring force on a half-split specimen has been presented and the corresponding device has been designed and constructed. Kiln-dried rubberwood specimens with dimensions of 30 or 50 mm (thickness), 130 mm (width) and 50 mm (length) were used in the study. The measured restoring force appears to vary with half-split length and specimen thickness. A mathematical model based on an elastic cantilever beam theory has been successfully developed to describe the restoring force behavior in a flexural response regime. The magnitude of the maximum linearly averaged internal stress σm can be derived without prior knowledge of the modulus of elasticity of wood. For the 30-mm-thick lumber, the derived values of σm are in general agreement with the ones obtained from the conventional McMillen slice test. Very close agreement is observed when the internal stress is at a relatively low level and its profile is approximately linear. But for the 50-mm-thick lumber, the determination of σm is less appropriate because of its relatively short flexural range. A restoring force–internal stress chart has been proposed for practical use in the lumber industry. This assessment was performed to investigate the evolution of internal stress during the conditioning and storage stages of kiln-dried rubberwood lumber.

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Bamboo: An Alternative Raw Material for Wood and Wood-Based Composi

Author
Pannipa Chaowana

Abstract

Bamboo is the most important non-wood species which is abundantly grows in most of the tropical and subtropical zone. It has developed as a specially valuable and superior alternate for wood composite manufactured, such as for pulp and paper, stripboards, matboards, veneer, plywood, particleboard and fiberboard. Moreover, several researches have used it as raw material for structural composites such as Oriented Strand Board (OSB), Glue Laminated Timber (GLT), Parallel Strip Lumber (PSL) and Oriented Strand Lumber (OSL). Nowadays, there are many kinds of bamboo composite are produced and traded in the world. However, there are several differences between bamboo and wood for example macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties. For this reason, the methods, technology and equipment for wood processing cannot be directly applied in bamboo utilization. Further research is noticeably required on the information on bamboo properties, cost-effective technologies and managements. With modern techniques and adapted technologies, bamboo can be processed into a wide range of products which successfully compete with wood and other raw materials in the future.

Full Text:

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v2n2p90

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Synthesis and characterization of kraft lignin-graft-polylactide copolymers

Published Date
November 2016, Volume 50, Issue 6, pp 1293–1304

Original

First Online: 

25 June 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s00226-016-0847-8

Cite this article as: 

Kim, S.J., Kim, Y.S., Lee, OK. et al. Wood Sci Technol (2016) 50: 1293. doi:10.1007/s00226-016-0847-8

Author

• Seok Ju Kim
• Yong Sik KimEmail author
• Oh-Kyu Lee
• Byoung-Jun Ahn

Abstract

The graft polymerization of polylactic acid (PLA) onto methanol-soluble kraft lignin (MeKL) was performed successfully through acylation substitution using chlorine-terminated PLA with a number average of molecular weight (Mn) of 5400–24,000 g/mol. As the Mn value of the PLA used for the graft polymerization process was increased, the obtained MeKL-g-PLA copolymers decreased from 9,000,000 to 1,100,000 g/mol. The structural characteristics of the MeKL-g-PLA copolymers were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. It was found that the thermal properties of the MeKL-g-PLA copolymers improved slightly, with their glass-transition temperature increasing to a level higher than that of pure PLA. The tensile strengths and elasticity modulus of the MeKL-g-PLA copolymers were independent of the Mn value and were 3.5–3.8 MPa and 0.038–0.045 GPa, respectively.

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-016-0849-6.

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Carbon sequestration and the optimal forest harvest decision: A dynamic programming approach considering biomass and dead organic matter

Published Date

Journal of Forest Economics

Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 3-17

Author 

Asante, P.^a , 

Armstrong, G.W.^a , 

Adamowicz, W.L.^b 

 

^a  Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H1, Canada
^b  Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H1, Canada 

Abstract

Carbon sequestration in forests is being considered as a mechanism to slow or reverse the trend of increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. We present results from a dynamic programming model used to determine the optimal harvest decision for a forest stand in the boreal forest of western Canada that provides both timber harvest volume and carbon sequestration services. The state of the system at any point in time is described by stand age and the amount of carbon in the dead organic matter pool. Merchantable timber volume and biomass are predicted as a function of stand age. Carbon stocks in the dead organic matter pool changes as a result of decomposition and litterfall. The results of the study indicate that while optimal harvest age is relatively insensitive to carbon stocks in dead organic matter, initial carbon stock levels significantly affect economic returns to carbon management. © 2010 Department of Forest Economics, SLU Umeå, Sweden.

Author keywords

Boreal forest; Carbon market; Optimal rotation

Indexed keywords

Boreal forests; Carbon management; Carbon market; Carbon sequestration; Carbon stocks; Dynamic programming model; Economic returns; Forest harvest; Forest stand; Litterfalls; Optimal rotation; Organic matter; Stand age; Timber harvests; Timber volume

Engineering controlled terms: Biogeochemistry; Biological materials; Carbon dioxide; Forestry; Harvesting; Lakes; Optimization; Organic compounds; Rotation; Timber

Engineering main heading: Dynamic programming

GEOBASE Subject Index: biomass allocation; boreal forest; carbon sequestration; emissions trading; environmental economics; linear programing; numerical model; organic matter; timber harvesting

PaperChem Variable: Biomass; Carbon Dioxide; Dynamics; Forests; Harvesting; Lakes; Optimization; Organic Compounds; Organic Matter; Rotation

Regional Index: Canada

ISSN: 11046899Source Type: Journal Original language: English

DOI: 10.1016/j.jfe.2010.07.001Document Type: Article

  Armstrong, G.W.; University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada;
© Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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