Genetic Diversity of a Tropical Tree Species, Shorea leprosula Miq. (Dipterocarpaceae), in Malaysia: Implications for Conservation of Genetic Resources and Tree Improvement1

BIOTROPICA 32(2):213-224. 2000 
https://doi.org/10.1646/0006-3606(2000)032[0213:GDOATT]2.0.CO;2

Author

S. L. Lee

, 

R. Wickneswari

, 

M. C. Mahani

, and 

A. H. Zakri

The Association for Tropical Biology

[-] Author & Article Info

Author Affiliations

S. L. Lee2

Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

R. Wickneswari

Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

M. C. Mahani

Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

A. H. Zakri

Department of Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Corresponding author, present address: Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Copyright & Usage

The Association for Tropical Biology

Abstract

Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Shorea leprosula was investigated using seven natural populations distributed throughout Peninsular Malaysia and one natural population from Borneo. The mean population and species level genetic diversity were exceptionally high (He = 0.369 ± 0.025 and 0.406 ± 0.070, respectively). Heterozygosity varied among populations, ranging from 0.326 to 0.400, with the highest values found in the populations from central Peninsular Malaysia. Correlations among ecological factors (longitude, latitude, and annual rainfall) were not significant (P > 0.05), indicating that these ecological variables were not responsible for the observed genetic differences among populations. The Bangi adult population exhibited a higher level of observed heterozygosity but lower fixation indices in comparison to its seedling population. All other seedling populations also showed positive fixation indices (F), indicating a general excess of homozygotes. This also may suggest selection against homozygotes between the seedling and adult stages. A low level of population differentiation was detected (GST = 0.117 with the Lambir population and GST = 0.085 without the Lambir population). Furthermore, gene flow (Nm) between populations was not significantly correlated with geographical distances for the populations within Peninsular Malaysia. Cluster analysis also did not reflect geographical proximity and gave little insight into the genetic relatedness of the populations. This may indicate that the populations sampled are part of a continuous population with fragmentation having occurred in the recent past.

Keywords: allozyme, Dipterocarpaceae, genetic conservation, genetic diversity, Malaysia, population genetic structure, Shorea leprosula, tree improvement, tropical lowland and coastal hill dipterocarp forests, tropicaltimber species

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Received 8 December 1998; revision accepted 27 April 1999.

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A Floristic Study of the White-Sand Forests of Peru

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 97(3):283-305. 2010
https://doi.org/10.3417/2008068

Author

Paul V. A. Fine

, 

Roosevelt García-Villacorta

, 

Nigel C. A. Pitman

, 

Italo Mesones

, and 

Steven W. Kembel

Missouri Botanical Press

Published: October 10, 2010

[-] Author & Article Info

Author Affiliations

Paul V. A. Fine

Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A

Author for correspondence: paulfine@berkeley.edu

Roosevelt García-Villacorta

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru

Nigel C. A. Pitman

Center for Tropical Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Box 90381, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, U.S.A

Italo Mesones

Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru

Steven W. Kembel

Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. Current address: Center for Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 335 Pacific Hall, 5289 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-5289, U.S.A.

1This paper is dedicated to the memory of Alwyn H. Gentry, whose work inspired this study. We thank the Dirección General de Areas Naturales Protegidas y Fauna Silvestre–INRENA, which provided necessary permits for study, collection, and exportation of specimens; D. Del Castillo, L. Campos, E. Rengifo, and S. Tello of the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) for logistical support and permission to work in and around the Estación Allpahuayo and the Centro de Investigación Jenaro Herrera; the communities of Tierra Blanca, Tamshiyacu, and Jeberos for permission to work near their villages; S. Irazuzta, Don Meneleo of Jeberos, and F. Vacalla for field assistance; H. Mogollón, N. Dávila, M. Ríos, J. Guevara, M. Ahuite, D. Cardenas, P. Núñez V., and E. Valderrama for their extensive work establishing plots and identifying plants in the non-white-sand plots described in this paper; C. Bode for help with the figures; and S. Brewer and C. Vriesendorp for advice regarding analyses. We thank P.D. Coley for advice during all stages of this project. J. Álvarez Alonso has continually offered guidance and helped us to visit many of the field sites. This research was supported by grants DEB 02069196 (co-principal investigator P.D. Coley) and OISE 0402061 to P.V.A.F. by the National Science Foundation. N.C.A.P.'s work was supported by a National Science Foundation International Research Fellowship (INT-0107368) and the Field Museum's Rapid Biological Inventories program, with support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Copyright & Usage

Missouri Botanical Press

Abstract

Tropical forests occurring on white-sand soils have a unique structure and are famous for their endemism. Yet, no comprehensive floristic study has ever been undertaken in white-sand forests in the western Amazon. Here, we present the results of floristic inventories from 16 plots in seven sites from the Peruvian Amazon to investigate diversity, species composition, and endemism in white-sand forests. We compare our results to a large data set from terra firme forests from more fertile soils in the same region. We found that white-sand forest plots have extremely low average species diversity (41.5 species per 0.1-ha plot) and that white-sand plots have significantly different species composition from terra firme plots. We classify 114 species as endemic to white sand, with another 21 species that can be considered facultative specialists or cryptic endemics. These endemics and specialists are extremely dominant, accounting for more than 83% of the total number of stems surveyed in white-sand forest plots. We place our results in the context of the role of environmental heterogeneity influencing patterns of species diversity and the conservation of Amazonian forests.

Keywords: Amazon, beta-diversity, caatinga, edaphic specialization, endemic species, habitat specialists, heath forests, tropical tree diversity, varillal

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Abstract & References : Full Text : PDF (1414 KB) : Rights & Permissions 

Frederick C Draper, Katherine H Roucoux, Ian T Lawson, Edward T A Mitchard, Euridice N Honorio Coronado, Outi Lähteenoja, Luis Torres Montenegro, Elvis Valderrama Sandoval, Ricardo Zaráte, Timothy R Baker. (2014) The distribution and amount of carbon in the largest peatland complex in Amazonia. Environmental Research Letters 9:12, 124017.
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Greg P. A. Lamarre, Christopher Baraloto, Claire Fortunel, Nallarett Dávila, Italo Mesones, Julio Grandez Rios, Marcos Ríos, Elvis Valderrama, Magno Vásquez Pilco, Paul V. A. Fine. (2012) Herbivory, growth rates, and habitat specialization in tropical tree lineages: implications for Amazonian beta-diversity. Ecology 93:sp8, S195-S210.
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Douglas C. Daly and Paul V. A. Fine. (2011) A New Amazonian Section of Protium (Burseraceae) including Both Edaphic Specialist and Generalist Taxa. Studies in Neotropical Burseraceae XVI.. Systematic Botany 36:4, 939-949.
Online publication date: 21-Nov-2011.

Abstract & References : Full Text : PDF (868 KB) : Rights & Permissions 

Paul V. A. Fine, Steven W. Kembel. (2011) Phylogenetic community structure and phylogenetic turnover across space and edaphic gradients in western Amazonian tree communities. Ecography 34:4, 552-565.
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CHRISTOPHER BARALOTO, SUZANNE RABAUD, QUENTIN MOLTO, LILIAN BLANC, CLAIRE FORTUNEL, BRUNO HÉRAULT, NALLARETT DÁVILA, ITALO MESONES, MARCOS RIOS, ELVIS VALDERRAMA, PAUL V. A. FINE. (2011) Disentangling stand and environmental correlates of aboveground biomass in Amazonian forests. Global Change Biology 17:8, 2677-2688.
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Paul V. A. Fine, Italo Mesones. (2011) The Role of Natural Enemies in the Germination and Establishment of Pachira (Malvaceae) Trees in the Peruvian Amazon. Biotropica 43:3, 265-269.
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