A review on utilisation of biomass from rice industry as a source of renewable energy

Published Date
June 2012, Vol.16(5):3084–3094, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.051

Title 
A review on utilisation of biomass from rice industry as a source of renewable energy

• Author 

• Jeng Shiun Lim
• Zainuddin Abdul Manan ^,
• Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi
• Haslenda Hashim

• Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

Received 6 December 2011. Accepted 18 February 2012. Available online 22 March 2012.

Abstract

Volatile oil price and growing emphasis on environmental conservation have stimulated the development and utilisation of biomass as a vital source of renewable energy. In reducing the global dependency on fossil fuels, rice husk and rice straw which are the widely abundant agricultural wastes from the rice industry have a vital role to play. This paper reviews the key aspects of the utilisation of rice husk and rice straw as important sources of renewable energy. The paper provides some essential background information that includes the physical and chemical characteristics that dictates the quality of these rice biomasses. This paper also describes the various chemical and physical pretreatment techniques that can facilitate handling and transportation of rice straw and husk. Finally, the paper presents the state-of-the-art on thermo-chemical and bio-chemical technologies to convert rice husk and rice straw into energy.

Keywords

Rice straw; Rice

 straw ; Biomass

 ; Pretreatment ; 

Thermo

-chemical ; Bio

-chemical ; Energy

 conversion

Nomenclature

SSA

Sub-Saharan African

CO₂

carbon dioxide

CO

carbon monoxide

NO_x

nitrogen oxides

SO₂

sulphur dioxide

PM

particulate matters

PCDDs

polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins

PCDFs

polychlorinated dibenzofurans

HHV

higher heating value

MFF

multi fuel fouling

CDM

clean development mechanism

CFB

circulating fluidised bed

IC

internal combustion

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• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +60 7 5535478; fax: +60 7 5581463.

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