Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from Cleome droserifolia(Forssk.) Delile and C. trinervia Fresen. (Cleomaceae)

Published Date

July 2015, Vol.99:21–28, doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2015.03.184

Title 

Phytochemical investigation and in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from Cleome droserifolia(Forssk.) Delile and C. trinervia Fresen. (Cleomaceae)

• Author 

• Riyadh Muhaidat ^a,,
• Mahmoud A. Al-Qudah ^b
• Omar Samir ^a
• Jacob H. Jacob ^c
• Emad Hussein ^a
• Ibrahim N. Al-Tarawneh ^d
• Emad Bsoul ^e
• Sultan T. Abu Orabi ^b

• aDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, PO 21163, Jordan
• bDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, PO 21163, Jordan
• cDepartment of Biological Sciences, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
• dDepartment of Chemistry, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
• eDepartment of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan

Received 8 June 2014. Revised 5 February 2015. Accepted 16 March 2015. Available online 31 March 2015. Edited by AM Viljoen

Highlights

• •
  GC-FID and GC–MS analysis of Cleome oils showed the presence of high levels of terpenes and glucosinolates.
• •
  SEM studies showed that Cleome surfaces are coated with capitate glandular hairs, typical stores of essential oils.
• •
  The activities of Cleome essential oils were evaluated against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
• •
  The remarkable antibacterial property of Cleome essential oils confirmed their use as natural therapeutics.
• •
  Cleome represents a valuable source of bioactive natural products, and so worth considering for novel drug discovery.

Abstract

The evolution of drug resistant strains of microbial pathogens provides an urgent need to develop novel therapeutical regimes with resistance-combating capacity. In this study, the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oils from Cleome droserifolia and Cleome trinervia growing in Jordan desert were investigated. Hydro-distilled oils were analyzed using GC–MS and evaluated for antibacterial activity in vitro against a selection of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the agar-well diffusion and the micro-dilution methods. Sixty five compounds representing 99.3% of the total composition were detected in oil of C. droserifolia, whereas 30 compounds corresponding to 95.9% of the total were detected in oil of C. trinervia. The principal constituents of C. droserifolia oil were (E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-decatrien (11.8%), carotol (10.1%), δ-cadinene (8.9%), β-eudesmol (7.0%) and benzyl isothiocyanate (5.9%). The chief constituents of C. trinervia oil were 1,5-hexandien-3-ol (28.3%), santene (20.0%), 3-methyl-2-methylenebutanitrile (14.9%), Z-myroxide (9.3%) and 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane (7.0%). The chemical profiles revealed the preponderance of sesquiterpenes (86.6%) and monoterpenes (31.1%) in C. droserifolia and C. trinervia oils, respectively. Appreciable proportions of nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds were found in the examined oils (8.5% in C. droserifolia and 27.1% in C. trinervia). Scanning electron microscopy of C. droserifolia and C. trinervia petioles and leaf surfaces showed that the two species are coated with capitate-type glandular hairs consistent with enrichment of such species with essential oils. The antibacterial activity screen study showed that the oils exerted marked growth inhibitory effects. Most bacterial species tested were suppressed, despite the varying degrees of inhibition observed (MIC values of 150–550 μg ml^{− 1}).

Keywords

• Cleome droserifolia
• Cleome trinervia
• Essential oil
• GC–MS
• Glandular hairs
• Antibacterial
• Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)

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