Published Date 

5 October 2016, Vol.150:216–226, doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.028

Review

A review on chitosan-cellulose blends and nanocellulose reinforced chitosan biocomposites: Properties and their applications

• Abdul Khalil H.P.S ^a,b,,
• Chaturbhuj K. Saurabh ^a
• Adnan A.S. ^c
• M.R. Nurul Fazita ^a
• M.I. Syakir ^a
• Y. Davoudpour ^a
• M. Rafatullah ^a
• C.K. Abdullah ^a
• M.K. M. Haafiz ^a
• R. Dungani ^d

• aSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
• bScience and Engineering Research Centre, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
• cSchool of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
• dSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Gedung Labtex XI, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia

Received 23 December 2015. Revised 9 May 2016. Accepted 11 May 2016. Available online 14 May 2016.

Highlights

• •
  The sources, properties and application of chitosan and cellulose were discussed.
• •
  The chronological events on chitosan applications were reviewed.
• •
  Overview on the incorporation of chitosan with nanocellulose were presented.
• •
  The applications of chitosan-cellulose blends and bionanocomposites were summarized.
• •
  The potential and challenges of chitosan-cellulose blends were discussed.

Abstract

Chitin is one of the most abundant natural polymers in world and it is used for the production of chitosan by deacetylation. Chitosan is antibacterial in nature, non-toxic, and biodegradable thus it can be used for the production of biodegradable film which is a green alternative to commercially available synthetic counterparts. However, their poor mechanical and thermal properties restricted its wide spread applications. Chitosan is highly compatible with other biopolymers thus its blending with cellulose and/or incorporation of nanofiber isolated from cellulose namely cellulose nanofiber and cellulose nanowhiskers are generally useful. Cellulosic fibers in nano scale are attractive reinforcement in chitosan to produce environmental friendly composite films with improved physical properties. Thus chitosan based composites have wide applicability and potential in the field of biomedical, packaging and water treatment. This review summarises properties and preparation procedure of chitosan-cellulose blends and nano size cellulose reinforcement in chitosan bionanocomposites for different applications.

Keyword

• Chitosan
• Cellulose nanowhiskers
• Cellulose nanofibers
• Composites
• Blends
• Polyelectrolyte complex

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 Table 1

Table 1.

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 Table 2

Table 2.

• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author at: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.

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