Keystone species and mangrove forest dynamics: the influence of burrowing by crabs on soil nutrient status and forest productivity

Published Date

November 1991, Vol.33(5):419–432, doi:10.1016/0272-7714(91)90081-L

Title 

Keystone species and mangrove forest dynamics: the influence of burrowing by crabs on soil nutrient status and forest productivity

• Author 

• Thomas J. Smith III 
• Kevin G. Boto
• Stewart D. Frusher
• Raymond L. Giddins

• Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville M.C., Queensland 4810, Australia

Received 14 December 1990. Revised 8 April 1991. Available online 19 November 2004.

Abstract

The density of the burrowing crab fauna in a mangrove forest was reduced, using pitfall traps, to test the hypothesis that decreased burrowing would lead to: (1) increased soil sulphide concentrations; (2) altered nutrient concentrations; and (3) decreased forest productivity and growth. Experiments were conducted in Rhizophora-dominated forests in north Queensland, Australia, over a 12-month period. Crabs were trapped and removed from the experimental plots during 1 week each month for a year. Soil chemical and forest growth parameters were measured at monthly intervals in the experimental and appropriate control plots.

Over the course of the experiment, soil sulphide and ammonium concentrations increased to levels which were significantly higher in plots from which crabs were being removed in comparison to controls. No differences were observed for either phosphate or nitrate plus nitrite. Cumulative forest growth, as measured by stipule fall, was significantly less in removal plots than in controls. Additionally, trees in the removal plots had significantly less reproductive output than did trees in control plots.

These results support the hypothesis that burrowing by crabs is an important process in Australian Rhizophora forests. It appears that burrowing affects soil aeration which in turn affects the productivity and reproductive output of Rhizophora. Knowledge of the ecology of grapsid crabs from other continents, however, is very limited. It remains to be seen if the roles played by grapsid crabs are as important elsewhere as in Australia. This is particularly true for the Caribbean region from which many of our paradigms concerning mangrove forest ecology were developed.

Keywords

ammonium

ecosystem response nitrate

phosphate redox potential

sulphide

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• a
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