Preparation, physico–chemical characterization and biological activities of two modified starches from yam (Dioscorea Opposita Thunb.)

Published Date
April 2016, Vol.55:244–253, doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.11.016

Title 
Preparation, physico–chemical characterization and biological activities of two modified starches from yam (Dioscorea Opposita Thunb.)

• Author 

• Hanhan Huang ^a
• Qianqian Jiang ^a
• Yuling Chen ^b
• Xia Li ^a,,
• Xinhui Mao ^a
• Xuetao Chen ^a
• Luqi Huang ^c
• Wenyuan Gao ^a,,

• aTianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
• bTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, Tianjin 300072, PR China
• cInstitute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China

Received 14 January 2015. Re

Highlights

• •
  Two types of resistant starches were produced by dual enzymatic hydrolysis and cross-linked carboxymethylation.
• •
  The resistant starch content of native starch decreased by modification.
• •
  Two modified starches were more effective in increasing acetic acid and butyric acid concentration in the feces.
• •
  Two modified starches may be used to reduce constipation and hyperlipidemia.

Abstract

Physicochemical and bio-functional properties of three starches including native starch (NS), the dual enzyme-treated starch (DES) and the cross-linked carboxymethyl starch (CCS) were investigated in the current study. The resistant starch (RS) contents ranged from 33.91 to 43.71%, which were decreased by modification. For the first time, the anti-constipation and hypolipidemic effect of yam starches are demonstrated. Three starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. DES's crystalline structure collapsed and lost its granular shape during modification, indicating that DES had a high water binding capacity and high solubility. However, only minor changes of CCS's granular surface and crystallinity were observed. Furthermore, anti-constipation effect of the three yam starches was evaluated by intestine propulsion and defecation in constipated mice. There was more short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced in colon with DES and CCS, than that with native starches. Therefore, the modified starches were proved to be better for improving the small intestine propulsion function by generating more SCFAs. Hypolipidemic effect was also evaluated by monitoring the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in mice. This study reports new bioactive starches, with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

• Chinese yam
• Modification
• Resistant starches
• Physico–chemical properties
• Activities

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• ∗ 
  Corresponding author.

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