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Tuesday, 12 July 2016
A new approach in extracting active acylphloroglucinol derivatives from Dryopteris wallichiana and Elaphoglossum erinaceum
Published Date
June 2015, Vol.101:222–230, doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2015.03.023
Title
A new approach in extracting active acylphloroglucinol derivatives from Dryopteris wallichiana and Elaphoglossum erinaceum
Author
Pablo Noé Nuñez a
Alexandre T. do Espirito Santo b
Rodrigo Scopel b
João Gabriel P. Anzolin b
María Luisa Villarreal a
Amélia Teresinha Henriques c
Eduardo Cassel b
Alexandre T. Cardoso Taketa a
Gilsane L. von Poser c
Rubem M.F. Vargas b,,
aCentro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
bPGETEMA – Faculdade de Engenharia, PUCRS, CEP 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
cPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, CEP 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Received 16 December 2014. Revised 27 March 2015. Accepted 28 March 2015. Available online 7 April 2015.
Highlights
•
The phloroglucinol derivatives were successfully extracted by SFE CO2.
•
The supercritical fluid extraction produced expressive yields and higher selectivity.
•
The mathematical modeling was efficient in the predicting the experimental data.
•
The phloroglucinol derivatives were extracted by SFE CO2 from 90 to 300 bar at 40 °C.
•
The presence of phloroglucinol derivatives in both plants was detected by HPLC-PDA.
Abstract
The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of acylphloroglucinol derivatives from Dryopteris wallichiana and Elaphoglossum erinaceum was investigated and modeled. The plants were submitted to extraction with supercritical fluid at constant temperature (40 °C) and pressures of 90, 120, 150, 200, 250 and 300 bar, successively, as well as to conventional ultrasound assisted extraction using n-hexane. The extracts were dewaxed affording fractions which were analyzed by HPLC-PDA and submitted to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra showing singlets at very low field indicating the presence of compounds with enolizable β-triketones systems. The spectra shed the presence of other signals which characterize acylphloroglucinol derivatives. Mathematical modeling was performed to fit the experimental data obtained at 90 bar. All the extracts of both plants displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The supercritical fluid extraction of phloroglucinols from both ferns was more selective than the conventional solvent extraction using n-hexane.
Graphical abstract
Keywords
Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hyl.
Elaphoglossum erinaceum (Fée) T. Moore
Acylphloroglucinol derivatives
Chemical analysis
Supercritical fluid extraction
Mathematical modeling
Nomenclature
a
half thickness of slab (m)
c
solubility (g/L)
D
effective diffusion coefficient (m2/s)
e
mass of extract relative to N
k
desorption coefficient (1/s)
kc
superficial coefficient of mass transfer (m/s)
kf
mass transfer coefficient in fluid phase (m/s)
kr
proportionality constant (dimensionless)
ks
mass transfer coefficient in solid phase (m/s)
L
dimensionless parameter of the model 1
M
mass recovered at time t (g)
M∞
mass recovered for an infinite time of extraction (g)
steam flow rate (g/s)
N
mass of the solute-free solid phase (g)
n
refers to the end of extraction of easily accessible solute
q
specific amount of solvent (g/g)
mass flow rate of solvent related to N (s−1)
qm
specific amount of solvent for start of the extraction from the inside of particles
qn
specific amount of solvent for end of the extraction of easily accessible solute
t
extraction time (s)
u
superficial fluid velocity (m/s)
W
dimensionless parameter of slow-extraction period
wo
initial mass fraction for the raw material (g/g)
x
molar fraction of liquid phase
x0
overall initial concentration related to solute-free solid phase (g/g)
xk
inaccessible oil concentration inside the solid phase particles (g/g)
y
molar fraction of vapor phase
yr
solubility of the extract in the solvent (g/g)
Zm
dimensionless parameter of fast extraction period
zw
dimensionless coordinate of the boundary between fast and slow extraction
ɛ
bed porosity
β
eigenvalue of the one-dimensional diffusion equation
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