Influence of process parameters on the bonding performance of wood adhesive based on thermally modified soy proteins

Published Date

First online: 19 February 2016

Title 

Influence of process parameters on the bonding performance of wood adhesive based on thermally modified soy proteins

• Author 

• Doroteja Vnučec 
• , Marica Mikuljan
• , Andreja Kutnar
• , Milan Šernek
• , Andreja Goršek

• 
  

• Abstract 

• 
  

• The adhesive bonding strength and water resistance of wood adhesive based on thermally modified soy protein isolate (SPI) were optimized by varying the SPI concentration, pressing temperature and pressing time. Commercial SPI was thermally modified in a vacuum chamber at 50 °C, and dispersions were prepared with SPI mass fractions of 9.09, 9.91, 10.71, 11.50, and 12.28 % in distilled water. The pH of the dispersions was adjusted to 10.0, then afterwards stirred at 50 °C for 2 h. The adhesive viscosity was measured. Effective penetration (EP) and tensile shear strength of beech wood specimens bonded under the same bonding conditions were determined (according to the European Standards EN 204 and EN 205). Adhesive with optimal SPI concentration was used for bonding at different pressing temperatures (100, 110, 120, 130, and 140 °C), whilst other bonding conditions were the same as by optimising SPI concentration. The optimal pressing temperature was determined based on tensile shear strength results. It was then used for bonding at different pressing times (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 15 min). Optimal pressing time was determined based on tensile shear strength results. The viscosity of the adhesive increased with increased SPI concentration. The EP increased with increased viscosity and SPI mass fraction up to 11.50 % and then decreased. The adhesive with SPI mass fraction of 11.50 % showed the best water resistance. For this adhesive the optimal pressing temperature was 110 °C and optimal pressing time 10 min. The adhesive passed the durability class D3.

• 
  

• References 

• 
  

• 1. Amaral-Labat GA, Pizzi A, Gonҫalves AR, Celzard A, Rigolet S, Rocha GJM (2008) Environment-friendly soy flour-based resins without formaldehyde. J Appl Polym Sci 108:624–632CrossRef
  2. Ciannamea EM, Martucci JF, Stefani PM, Ruseckaite RA (2012) Bonding quality of chemically modified soybean protein concentrate-based adhesives in particleboards from rice husks. J Am Oil Chem Soc 89:1733–1741CrossRef
  3. European standard EN 204:2002. Classification of thermoplastic wood adhesives for non-structural applications. European Committee for Standardization
  4. European standard EN 205:2003. Adhesives—wood adhesives for non-structural applications—determination of tensile shear strength of lap joints. European Committee for Standardization
  5. Frihart CR (2013) Wood adhesion and adhesives. In: Rowell RM (ed) Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Florida, pp 215–278
  6. Gui C, Liu X, Wu D, Zhou T, Wang G, Zhu J (2013a) Preparation of a new type of polyamidoamine and its application for soy flour-based adhesives. J Am Oil Chem Soc 90:265–272CrossRef
  7. Gui C, Wang G, Wu D, Zhu J, Liu X (2013b) Synthesis of a bio-based polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin resin and its application for soy-based adhesives. Int J Adhes Adhes 44:237–242CrossRef
  8. Huang J, Li K (2008) A new soy flour-based adhesive for making interior type II plywood. J Am Oil Chem Soc 85:63–70CrossRef
  9. Image J, version 1.47 (2013) National Institute of Health, USA. http://​imagej.​nih.​gov/​ij/​download.​html. Accessed 20 Mar 2015
  10. Jang Y, Li K (2015) An all-natural adhesive for bonding wood. J Am Oil Chem Soc 92:431–438CrossRef
  11. Jang Y, Huang J, Li K (2011) A new formaldehyde-free wood adhesive from renewable materials. Int J Adhes Adhes 31:754–759CrossRef
  12. Kim MJ, Sun XS (2014) Adhesion properties of soy protein crosslinked with organic calcium silicate hydrate hybrids. J Appl Polym Sci 131:40693. doi:10.​1002/​app.​40693
  13. Lambuth AL (1994) Protein Adhesives for Wood. In: Pizzi A, Mittal KL (eds) Handbook of adhesive technology. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, pp 259–281
  14. Lei H, Du G, Wu Z, Xi X, Dong Z (2014) Cross-linked soy-based wood adhesives for plywood. Int J Adhes Adhes 50:199–203CrossRef
  15. Li K, Peshkova S, Geng X (2004) Investigation of soy protein-kymene® adhesive systems for wood composites. J Am Oil Chem Soc 81:487–491CrossRef
  16. Li X, Li Y, Zhong Z, Wang D, Ratto JA, Sheng K, Sun XS (2009) Mechanical and water soaking properties of medium density fiberboard with wood fiber and soybean protein adhesive. Bioresour Technol 100:3556–3562CrossRefPubMed
  17. Lin Q, Chen N, Bian L, Fan M (2012) Development and mechanism characterization of high performance soy-based bio-adhesives. Int J Adhes Adhes 34:11–16CrossRef
  18. Liu Y, Li K (2002) Chemical modification of soy protein for wood adhesives. Macromol Rapid Comm 23:739–742CrossRef
  19. Liu Y, Li K (2004) Modification of soy protein for wood adhesives using mussel protein as a model: the influence of a mercapto group. Macromol Rapid Comm 25:1835–1838CrossRef
  20. Liu Y, Li K (2007) Development and characterization of adhesives from soy protein for bonding wood. Int J Adhes Adhes 27:59–67CrossRef
  21. Liu D, Chen H, Chang PR, Wu Q, Li K, Guan L (2010) Biomimetic soy protein nanocomposites with calcium carbonate crystalline arrays for use as wood adhesive. Bioresour Technol 101:6235–6241CrossRefPubMed
  22. Santoni I, Pizzo B (2013) Evaluation of alternative vegetable proteins as wood adhesives. Ind Crop Prod 45:148–154CrossRef
  23. Statgraphics Plus, version 5.0 (2000) Manugistics, Inc., Rockville, MD
  24. United Soybean Board (2012) Technical data review. Soy-based wood adhesives. http://​soynewuses.​org/​wp-content/​uploads/​44422_​TDR_​Adhesives.​pdf. Accessed 20 Mar 2015
  25. Vnučec D, Goršek A, Kutnar A, Mikuljan M (2015) Thermal modification of soy proteins in the vacuum chamber and wood adhesion. Wood Sci Technol 49:225–239CrossRef
  26. Xiao Z, Li Y, Wu X, Qi G, Li N, Zhang K, Wang D, Sun XS (2013) Utilization of sorghum lignin to improve adhesion strength of soy protein adhesives on wood veneer. Ind Crop Prod 50:501–509CrossRef
  27. Yang G, Yang B, Yuan C, Geng W, Li H (2011) Effects of preparation parameters on properties of soy protein-based fiberboard. J Polym Environ 19:146–151CrossRef
  28. Zhang Y, Zhu W, Lu Y, Gao Z, Gu J (2014) Nano-scale blocking mechanism of MMT and its effects on the properties of polyisocyanate-modified soybean protein adhesive. Ind Crop Prod 57:35–42CrossRef
  29. Zhong Z, Sun XS, Fang X, Ratto JA (2001) Adhesion properties of soy protein with fiber cardboard. J Am Oil Chem Soc 78:37–41CrossRef
  30. Zhong Z, Sun XS, Fang X, Ratto JA (2002) Adhesive strength of guanidine hydrochloride-modified soy protein for fiberboard application. Int J Adhes Adhes 22:267–272CrossRef
  31. Zhu D, Damodaran S (2014) Chemical phosphorylation improves the moisture resistance of soy flour-based wood adhesive. J Appl Polym Sci 131:40451. doi:10.​1002/​app40451

• 
  

• For further details log on website :

• http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-016-1018-1