A Robust Random Forest-Based Approach for Heart Rate Monitoring Using Photoplethysmography Signal Contaminated by Intense Motion Artifacts

Sensors 2017, 17(2), 385; doi:10.3390/s17020385

Author

Yalan Ye ¹

, Wenwen He ¹

, Yunfei Cheng ¹

, Wenxia Huang ^2,*  and Zhilin Zhang ^3,* 

¹

School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China

²

West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China

³

Samsung Research America—Dallas, Richardson, TX 75082, USA

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. 

Academic Editors: Octavian Adrian Postolache, Alex Casson and Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay

Received: 23 December 2016 / Revised: 4 February 2017 / Accepted: 12 February 2017 / Published: 16 February 2017

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing Technology for Healthcare System)

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Abstract 

The estimation of heart rate (HR) based on wearable devices is of interest in fitness. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a promising approach to estimate HR due to low cost; however, it is easily corrupted by motion artifacts (MA). In this work, a robust approach based on random forest is proposed for accurately estimating HR from the photoplethysmography signal contaminated by intense motion artifacts, consisting of two stages. Stage 1 proposes a hybrid method to effectively remove MA with a low computation complexity, where two MA removal algorithms are combined by an accurate binary decision algorithm whose aim is to decide whether or not to adopt the second MA removal algorithm. Stage 2 proposes a random forest-based spectral peak-tracking algorithm, whose aim is to locate the spectral peak corresponding to HR, formulating the problem of spectral peak tracking into a pattern classification problem. Experiments on the PPG datasets including 22 subjects used in the 2015 IEEE Signal Processing Cup showed that the proposed approach achieved the average absolute error of 1.65 beats per minute (BPM) on the 22 PPG datasets. Compared to state-of-the-art approaches, the proposed approach has better accuracy and robustness to intense motion artifacts, indicating its potential use in wearable sensors for health monitoring and fitness tracking. View Full-Text

Keywords: heart rate (HR);  photoplethysmography (PPG);  motion artifacts (MA);  random forest

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