Properties of binderless particleboard from oil palm trunk with addition of polyhydroxyalkanoates

Published Date

April 2012, Vol.43(3):1109–1116, doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.10.008

Title 

Properties of binderless particleboard from oil palm trunk with addition of polyhydroxyalkanoates

• Author 

• Mohana Baskaran ^a
• Rokiah Hashim ^a,,
• Norafizah Said ^a
• Salsabilah Mohamed Raffi ^a
• Kunasundari Balakrishnan ^b
• Kumar Sudesh ^b
• Othman Sulaiman ^a
• Takamitsu Arai ^c
• Akhiko Kosugi ^c
• Yutaka Mori ^c
• Tomoko Sugimoto ^c
• Masatoshi Sato ^d

• aDivision of Bio-resource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
• bEcobiomaterial Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
• cJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
• dGraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 8657, Japan

Received 23 June 2011. Revised 13 September 2011. Accepted 18 October 2011. Available online 2 November 2011.

Abstract 

This study evaluated the properties of binderless particleboard made from oil palm trunk with addition of polyhydroxyalkanoates in the form of freeze dried and pure samples. Modulus of rupture, internal bonding strength, thickness swelling and water absorption of the boards were evaluated based on Japanese Industrial Standards. Modulus of rupture and internal bonding strength increased as the amount of polyhydroxyalkanoates were increased. Thickness swelling and water absorption decreased with increasing percentage of polyhydroxyalkanoates. The surface roughness, gas chromatography, thermogravimetric analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were also investigated. Based on the findings in this work, it appears that the addition of polyhydroxyalkanoates enhanced overall properties of such binderless panels.

Keywords

• A. Particle-reinforcement
• B. Physical properties
• D. Mechanical testing
• D. Electron microscopy

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• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +60 4 6535217; fax: +60 4 6573678.
  
  

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Influence of press temperature on the properties of binderless particleboard made from oil palm trunk

Published Date

May 2011, Vol.32(5):2520–2525, doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.01.053

Title 

Influence of press temperature on the properties of binderless particleboard made from oil palm trunk

• Author 

• Rokiah Hashim ^a,,
• Norafizah Said ^a,1,
• Junidah Lamaming ^a,1,
• Mohana Baskaran ^a,1,
• Othman Sulaiman ^a,2,
• Masatoshi Sato ^b,3,
• Salim Hiziroglu ^c,4,
• Tomoko Sugimoto ^d,5,

• aDivision of Bio-resource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
• bGraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
• cDepartment of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-6013, USA
• dJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1, Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan

Received 19 October 2010. Accepted 28 January 2011. Available online 2 February 2011.

Abstract

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the properties of binderless particleboard manufactured from oil palm trunk as a function of press temperature. Particleboard samples were manufactured with a target density of 0.80 g/cm³ using press temperatures of 160 °C, 180 °C and 200 °C. The modulus of rupture, internal bond strength, water absorption and thickness swelling of the boards were determined based on Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). Thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis were employed to characterize the properties of the raw materials and the manufactured panels. The moduli of rupture of the samples were observed to increase with increasing press temperature, but they did not meet the standard values. However, the internal bond strength of the samples attained satisfactory values according to the JIS standard for all three temperature levels. Water absorption and thickness swelling of the boards decreased with increasing pressing temperature. Based on the findings in this study, increasing the pressing temperature may be considered a potential way of improving the properties of binderless particleboard.

Research highlights

► Influence of press temperature on binderless particleboard of oil palm trunk. ► Modulus of rupture increased with increasing press temperature. ► The internal bond strength of samples meets JIS standard. ► Water absorption and thickness swelling improved. ► Increasing pressing temperature improve properties of the boards.

Keywords

• A. Composites
• B. Particulates and powders
• E. Physical

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• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +60 4 653 5217; fax: +60 4 657 3678.

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Effect of particle geometry on the properties of binderless particleboard manufactured from oil palm trunk

Published Date
October 2010, Vol.31(9):4251–4257, doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2010.04.012

Title 

Effect of particle geometry on the properties of binderless particleboard manufactured from oil palm trunk

• Author 

• Rokiah Hashim ^a,,
• Norhafizah Saari ^a
• Othman Sulaiman ^a
• Tomoko Sugimoto ^b
• Salim Hiziroglu ^c
• Masatoshi Sato ^d
• Ryohei Tanaka ^e

• aDivision of Bio-resource, Paper and Coatings Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
• bJapan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1, Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
• cDepartment of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-6013, USA
• dGraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
• eForestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan

Received 24 February 2010. Accepted 3 April 2010. Available online 9 April 2010.

Abstract

Experimental binderless composite panels were manufactured using fine particles and strands of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) trunks. Modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), dimensional stability, and surface roughness of the panels made with a target density of 0.80 g/cm³ were evaluated. Strand type samples had MOR and IB values of 24.95 and 0.95 MPa, respectively. Corresponding values for the fine particle type samples were 4.04 and 0.49 MPa. Panels made from strands met MOR requirement stated in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS). Enhanced bonding between strands observed by micrographs taken using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also supported the findings. However, the samples having fine particles had lower MOR values than minimum requirement listed in JIS. Strand type panels had 41.6% thickness swelling which is only 4.6% lower than that of the panels made from fine particles. It appears that dimensional stability of both types of panels exhibited insufficient results according to JIS. Surface roughness quality of the samples made from fine particles had average surface roughness values comparable to those of panels made in past studies. Based on initial results of this work, raw material from oil palm trunks can have some potential to be used to manufacture binderless panels without using any adhesives. This study revealed that mechanical and physical properties of such experimental panels were influenced by the particle geometry. It would be important to consider possible addition of chemical or wax in the particles to improve their dimensional stability in further studies.

Keywords

• A. Composites
• B. Particulates and powders
• E. Physical

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• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +60 46535217; fax: +60 46573678.

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