Seeds of Distrust: Conflict in Uganda

Author

Dominic Rohner (dominic.rohner@unil.ch), Mathias Thoenig (mathias.thoenig@unil.ch) and Fabrizio Zilibotti (fabrizio.zilibotti@econ.uzh.ch)

No 8741, CEPR Discussion Papers from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers

Abstract: We study the effect of civil conflict on social capital, focusing on the experience of Uganda during the last decade. Using individual and county-level data, we document large causal effects on trust and ethnic identity of an exogenous outburst of ethnic conflicts in 2002-05. We exploit two waves of survey data from Afrobarometer 2000 and 2008, including information on socioeconomic characteristics at the individual level, and geo-referenced measures of fighting events from ACLED. Our identification strategy exploits variations in the intensity of fighting both in the spatial and cross-ethnic dimensions. We find that more intense fighting decreases generalized trust and increases ethnic identity. The effects are quantitatively large and robust to a number of control variables, alternative measures of violence, and different statistical techniques involving ethnic and spatial fixed effects and instrumental variables. We also document that the post-war effects of ethnic violence depend on the ethnic fractionalization. Fighting has a negative effect on the economic situation in highly fractionalized counties, but has no effect in less fractionalized counties. Our findings are consistent with the existence of a self-reinforcing process between conflicts and ethnic cleavages.

Keywords: ethnic conflict; ethnic identity; fighting; fractionalisation; slavery; social capital; trust; Uganda (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: A13 D74 O55 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-afr, nep-evo and nep-soc
Date: 2012-01
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Journal Article: Seeds of distrust: conflict in Uganda (2013) 
Working Paper: Seeds of Distrust: Conflict in Uganda (2012) 
Working Paper: Seeds of Distrust: Conflict in Uganda (2012) 
Working Paper: Seeds of distrust: Conflict in Uganda (2011) 
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Industries without smokestacks in Uganda and Rwanda

Author

John Spray and Sebastian Wolf

No 12, WIDER Working Paper Series from  World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER)

Abstract: We use unique high-frequency Government of Uganda and Government of Rwanda tax administration datasets to map the characteristics of ‘industries without smokestacks’ in East Africa. First, we find firm size appears to be crucial for successful industries without smokestacks in services and agro-processing. Second, we find that firms do not need to be active in the external economy themselves to achieve high levels of productivity, but that strong links to external sector actors are more common among more productive firms. Third, all industries with high levels of labour productivity rely heavily on imported inputs, though this is more pronounced in the manufacturing sector. We then identify the role of cross-sector spillovers in economic performance. We find that all of the top ten most interconnected sectors of the economy are either in manufacturing or services. We show that growth in output and productivity in these sectors is a strong indicator of overall economic growth. Finally, we show that sales and employment spillovers from foreign direct investment are most likely to occur in the manufacturing sector.

Keywords: economic growth; industry; firm size; tax administration data; Uganda; Rwanda (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-eff and nep-sbm
Date: 2017
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Income, poverty and charcoal production in Uganda

Author

Fydess Khundi, Pamela Jagger, Gerald Shively (shivelyg@purdue.edu) and Dick Sserunkuuma

Forest Policy and Economics, 2011, vol. 13, issue 3, 199-205

Abstract: We measure the relationships among income, poverty and charcoal production in three charcoal-producing districts of western Uganda. Using household survey data and propensity score matching techniques we find positive and statistically significant correlations between participation in charcoal-related activities and subsequent household income and poverty levels. Charcoal production is found to be especially important for households with low agricultural capacity and limited stocks of human and physical capital. However, in contrast to popular views and results from other studies, we find that those engaging in charcoal production are not necessarily the poorest cohorts in our sample. Our findings have implications for policies aimed at alleviating rural poverty and protecting forests.

Keywords: Forest-based; livelihoods; Charcoal; Uganda; Propensity; score; matching(search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
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Tracer Study of Agricultural Graduates in Uganda

Author

Johnny Mugisha and Anthony Nkwasibwe

No 183862, Food Security Collaborative Working Papers from  Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics

Abstract: There has been increased demand for food not only on the African continent but globally. This has been largely attributed to the high population growth with changing food preferences. This calls for the transformation of Africa’s agriculture and food systems through transforming agricultural production, markets, agricultural education and training institutions. Agricultural training institutions such as universities and agricultural colleges have a lot to contribute but they need to run relevant curricula in order to produce well trained human resource that will guide stakeholders in production, value addition and marketing, hence quality and quantity food supply.

Keywords: Uganda; education; training; Agricultural and Food Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-agr
Date: 2014-02
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Agricultural risk and remittances: the case of Uganda

Author

Stefanija Veljanoska

No 182788, 2014 International Congress, August 26-29, 2014, Ljubljana, Slovenia from European Association of Agricultural Economists

Abstract: The economic literature showed that remittances can replace missing credit and insurance markets. As a result, it is natural to expect that higher amounts of remittances will motivate agricultural farmers to engage in riskier activities. The present study aims to verify the latter hypothesis by answering three distinct questions: do households that receive higher remittances choose to cultivate a riskier crop portfolio, to engage either in crop specialization or in crop diversification and to use riskier input such as fertilizer? I use the Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) dataset on Uganda established by the World Bank to test these hypotheses. The results show that higher remittances induce crop specialization and higher probability of fertilizer use.

Keywords: agricultural risk; crop diversity; insurance; remittances; Uganda; Risk and Uncertainty (search for similar items in EconPapers)
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Date: 2014-08
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The Maize Farm-Market Price Spread in Kenya and Uganda

Author

Takashi Yamano (t.yamano@irri.org) and Ayumi Arai
Additional contact information

No 10-25, GRIPS Discussion Papers from  National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies

Abstract: In this chapter, we analyze the farm-market price spreads of maize in Kenya and Uganda to examine how agricultural sectors are integrated with local markets. The farm-market price spread is calculated by subtracting the farm-gate price from the market price at the nearest maize market. We find that the farm-market price spread of maize is about 15 and 33 percent of the market price in Kenya and Uganda, respectively. In both countries, the price spread increases by 2 percentage points for each additional driving hour away from the nearest maize market. While the former finding suggests that the overall marketing costs are lower in Kenya than in Uganda, the latter finding indicates that reductions in transportation costs will increase the farmer prices of maize in both countries.

Keywords: Price Spread; Market; Maize; Kenya; Uganda (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-afr and nep-agr
Date: 2010-12
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Dairy-Banana Integration and Organic Fertilizer Use in Uganda

Author

Takashi Yamano (t.yamano@irri.org)

No 08-03, GRIPS Discussion Papers from  National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies

Abstract: An intensive dairy and crop farming system found in the East African highlands provides manure and urine, taken from stalls of improved dairy cattle, for crops such as banana. By using panel data of 894 rural households in 2003 and 2005 in Uganda, we find that the number of improved cattle per ha increases the organic fertilizer application on banana plots by 218 kilograms per ha. We also find that banana farmers applied more organic fertilizer on less fertile soils. Regarding banana yield, we find that one ton of the organic fertilizer per ha increases the banana yield by 10 percent, and a one percentage point increase in the soil organic matter (SOM) increases the banana yield by 7 percent. Because the organic fertilizer application improves the SOM in the long-run, it has a long-term impact on the banana yield. The intensive dairy and banana cropping system is an appropriate farming system in Uganda where soil degradation is severe and mineral fertilizer is expensive.

Keywords: Organic Fertilizer; Improved Cattle; Banana; Uganda (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q12 R23 J22 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2008-06
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The impact of OECD Agricultural trade liberalization on poverty in Uganda

Author

Charles Augustine Abuka, Michael Atingi-Ego, Jacob Opolot and Marian Mraz

The Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper Series from  IIIS

Abstract: The paper examines the projected impacts of agricultural trade liberalisation by OECD countries on poverty in Uganda and compares them to the poverty impacts of all merchandise trade liberalisation. The overall impact of OECD agricultural trade liberalisation on welfare in Uganda from this simulation is positive in contrast to previous research, nevertheless, the poor appear to be made worse off. The liberalisation of all OECD merchandise trade including non-agricultural commodities reduces welfare for all deciles irrespective of household poverty status, residence and region. The results for global partial merchandise trade liberalisation are similar to those for total trade liberalisation with an overall welfare decline of about 0.5 percent. More specifically, even the modest welfare gains for producers from increased prices seem to be offset by welfare losses from increases in consumer goods. Overall, because of the large subsistence agricultural sector, households tend to experience little or no change in total welfare arising from agricultural price changes. Increases in market value of their agricultural based output tend to be offset by changes in the opportunity cost of their subsistence consumption of the bulk of that output.

Keywords: Microsimulation; agricultural trade liberalization; Uganda; poverty (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-afr, nep-agr, nep-dev and nep-int
Date: 2007-04-04
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Groundnut Production and Climatic Variability: Evidence from Uganda

Author

Aizhen Li (aizhen.li@uconn.edu), Boris Bravo-Ureta, David Okello (kod143@yahoo.com), Carl Deom (deom@uga.edu) and Naveen Puppala (npupalla@nmsu.edu)
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No 17, Working Papers from  University of Connecticut, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Charles J. Zwick Center for Food and Resource Policy

Abstract: This study contributes to understanding the relationship between climatic variables and groundnut production in different farming systems in Uganda. Alternative production function models are estimated using pooled cross-sectional time series data at the district level. The models incorporate land area, indicators for farming systems, technological change, and either rainfall or the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effect as variables to account for climatic conditions. The data set includes 333 observations corresponding to 37 districts for 9 consecutive years, from 1992 to 2000. Analyses were performed using a Translog functional form and GARCH estimators. The results suggest that the partial elasticity of production for land is positive, high and significant, which is consistent with a priori expectations. Farming systems are also found to have a significant impact on output variability. Climatic conditions, measured by rainfall, have a non-significant effect; but, when the ENSO phenomenon is used instead a significant negative effect is detected particularly for the warm phase. An important and alarming finding is a marked negative rate of technological change revealing productivity losses over the time period studied.

Keywords: Uganda; Groundnuts; Productivity; GARCH; Rainfall; ENSO (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-afr, nep-agr and nep-eff
Date: 2013-02
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Development of bioenergy technologies in Uganda: A review of progress

Author

Collins Okello, Stefania Pindozzi, Salvatore Faugno and Lorenzo Boccia

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013, vol. 18, issue C, pages 55-63

Abstract: Biomass is a renewable energy resource; however, its exploitation raises concerns about its ability to sustain the growing demand and its negative impacts on the environment, particularly in developing countries. These concerns are more prominent on the African continent where high population growth rates is leading to high rates of deforestation due to expansion of agricultural land and increased demand for bioenergy. Use of traditional and inefficient bioenergy technologies and appliances also exacerbate the problem. This paper presents a review of the efforts and progress made by different organisations in promoting improved bioenergy technologies in Uganda. The study was based on an extensive review of available literature on improved bioenergy technologies introduced in the country. It was found that there is high level of wastage of biomass resources since an estimated 72.7% of the population use traditional cooking stoves with efficiency estimated to be less than 10%. Inefficient cooking stoves are also blamed for indoor air pollution and respiratory illness reported amongst its users. Modern bioenergy technologies such as biomass gasification, cogeneration, biogas generation, biomass densification, and energy-efficient cooking stoves have been introduced in the country but have certainly not been widely disseminated. The country should pursue policies that will accelerate proliferation of more efficient bioenergy technologies in order to reduce the negative environmental impacts of bioenergy utilisation and to ensure sustainability of biomass supplies.

Keywords: Bioenergy technologies; Biogas; Gasification; Densification; Uganda (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2013
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Seeds of Distrust: Conflict in Uganda

Author

Dominic Rohner (dominic.rohner@unil.ch), Mathias Thoenig (mathias.thoenig@unil.ch) and Fabrizio Zilibotti (fabrizio.zilibotti@econ.uzh.ch)

No 78, OxCarre Working Papers from  Oxford Centre for the Analysis of Resource Rich Economies, University of Oxford

Abstract: We study the effect of civil conflict on social capital, focusing on the experience of Uganda during the last decade. Using individual and county-level data, we document large causal effects on trust and ethnic identity of an exogenous outburst of ethnic conflicts in 2002-05. We exploit two waves of survey data from Afrobarometer 2000 and 2008, including information on socioeconomic characteristics at the individual level, and geo-referenced measures of fighting events from ACLED. Our identification strategy exploits variations in the intensity of fighting both in the spatial and cross-ethnic dimensions. We find that more intense fighting decreases generalized trust and increases ethnic identity. The effects are quantitatively large and robust to a number of control variables, alternative measures of violence, and different statistical techniques involving ethnic and spatial fixed effects and instrumental variables. We also document that the post-war effects of ethnic violence depend on the ethnic fractionalization. Fighting has a negative e¤ect on the economic situation in highly fractionalized counties, but has no effect in less fractionalized counties. Our findings are consistent with the existence of a self-reinforcing process between conflicts and ethnic cleavages.

Keywords: conflict; Uganda; seeds of distrust; ethnic conflicts; ACLED; cross-ethnic(search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D74 Q34 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-afr, nep-dem, nep-dev, nep-evoand nep-soc
Date: 2012
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Journal Article: Seeds of distrust: conflict in Uganda (2013) 
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Working Paper: Seeds of Distrust: Conflict in Uganda (2012) 
Working Paper: Seeds of distrust: Conflict in Uganda (2011) 
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Seeds of distrust: Conflict in Uganda

Author

Dominic Rohner (dominic.rohner@unil.ch), Mathias Thoenig (mathias.thoenig@unil.ch) and Fabrizio Zilibotti (fabrizio.zilibotti@econ.uzh.ch)

No 54, ECON - Working Papers from  Department of Economics - University of Zurich

Abstract: We study the effect of civil conflict on social capital, focusing on the experience of Uganda during the last decade. Using individual and county-level data, we document causal effects on trust and ethnic identity of an exogenous outburst of ethnic conflicts in 2002-04. We exploit two waves of survey data from Afrobarometer 2000 and 2008, including information on socioeconomic characteristics at the individual level, and geo-referenced measures of fighting events from ACLED. Our identification strategy exploits variations in the intensity of fighting both in the spatial and cross-ethnic dimensions. We find that more intense fighting decreases generalized trust and increases ethnic identity. The effects are quantitatively large and robust to a number of control variables, alternative measures of violence, and different statistical techniques involving ethnic and county fixed effects and instrumental variables. We also document that the post-war effects of ethnic violence depend on the ethnic fractionalization. Fighting has a negative effect on the economic situation in highly fractionalized counties, but has no effect in less fractionalized counties. Our findings are consistent with the existence of a self-reinforcing process between conflicts and ethnic cleavages.

Keywords: Conflict; trust; ethnic fighting; Uganda; social capital; identity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D74 O12 Z1 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-evo and nep-soc
Date: 2011-12
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Working Paper: Seeds of Distrust: Conflict in Uganda (2012) 
Working Paper: Seeds of Distrust: Conflict in Uganda (2012) 
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Ownership and Technological Intensities in Ugandan Manufacturing

Author

Rajah Rasiah (rajah@um.edu.my)

Institutions and Economies (formerly known as International Journal of Institutions and Economies), 2009, vol. 1, issue 1, pages 79-105

Abstract: This paper examines productivity, export-intensity and technological differences between foreign and local firms in metal engineering, food and beverages, and plastics firms in Uganda using an adapted version of the technological capability framework. Although the results were mixed, foreign firms enjoyed higher and statistically significant technological capabilities than local firms, and in its components of human resource, process technology and adaptive engineering. The relationship between labour productivity and export intensity, and technological intensity was stronger in foreign firms than in local firms. The relationship between foreign ownership and adaptive engineering was also positive and significant. Despite 25 per cent of the foreign firms enjoying no cross-border subsidiaries, foreign firms showed higher participation in adaptive engineering activities than local firms.(Please Puchase For Further Reading)

Keywords: Productivity; technological intensity; exports; skills; ownership; Uganda(search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O14 O33 O55 L61 L66 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2009
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