Effects of heating humidity on the physical properties of hydrothermally treated spruce wood

Published Date
November 2016, Volume 50, Issue 6, pp 1161–1179

Kaoru Endo

Eiichi ObatayaEmail author

Nanami Zeniya

Miyuki Matsuo

Original

First Online: 

31 March 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s00226-016-0822-4

Cite this article as: 

Endo, K., Obataya, E., Zeniya, N. et al. Wood Sci Technol (2016) 50: 1161. doi:10.1007/s00226-016-0822-4

Abstract

To clarify the effects of humidity during heating on the physical properties of hydrothermally treated wood, Sitka spruce wood was heated in an autoclave at 120 °C and different heating humidity (HRH), and their equilibrium moisture content (EMC), specific dynamic Young’s modulus (E′/ρ), and mechanical loss tangent (tanδ) were measured at 25 °C and 60 % RH prior to and after the hydrothermal treatment. Higher values of HRH resulted in greater loss in weight (WL) because of the acceleration of thermal degradation in the presence of moisture. The time–humidity superposition was applicable to the changes in WL. The EMC was minimized by heating at intermediate HRH (60 %), but it recovered significantly after the wood was moistened at 100 % RH. This fact suggested that the reduction in hygroscopicity due to hydrothermal treatment included both reversible and irreversible effects. The reversible effect was not observed when the wood was heated at 92 % HRH or above. After the moistening, the EMC value of hydrothermally treated wood decreased monotonically with increasing HRH and WL. An irreversible chemical change such as decomposition of hemicelluloses was responsible for the irreversible effect, whereas the reversible effect may have resulted from the annealing of amorphous wood polymers. After hydrothermal treatment at 80 % HRH or lower, E′/ρ increased and tanδ decreased mainly because of the reduction in EMC. On the other hand, high-humidity heating (92 % HRH) resulted in significant decrease in E′/ρ and remarkable increase in tanδ probably because of the depolymerization of hemicelluloses. The color of wood was darkened by the hydrothermal treatment, and the CIELAB color parameters of hydrothermally treated wood were closely connected to the WL.

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The effect of air plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure on thermally modified wood surfaces

Published Date
November 2016, Volume 50, Issue 6, pp 1227–1241

Original

First Online: 

21 September 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s00226-016-0856-7

Cite this article as: 

Altgen, D., Avramidis, G., Viöl, W. et al. Wood Sci Technol (2016) 50: 1227. doi:10.1007/s00226-016-0856-7

Author

• Daniela Altgen
• Georg Avramidis
• Wolfgang Viöl
• Carsten MaiEmail author

Abstract

This study tests the hypothesis that thermal modification of wood influences the effectivity of air plasma treatment. Micro-veneers of European beech, Scots pine and Norway spruce were thermally modified at two different temperatures and subsequently plasma-treated for 1 and 3 s. The veneer surfaces were characterized in terms of morphology, wetting behaviour and surface chemistry. No severe changes in the veneer surfaces due to plasma treatment were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Plasma treatment increased surface free energy and wettability by water and urea–formaldehyde adhesive; it was more effective on thermally modified wood than on unmodified wood. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a similar distribution of oxygen-containing functional groups on the wood surface after plasma treatment of thermally modified and unmodified beech wood. It is suggested that enhanced wettability through plasma treatment is due to the generation of carboxyl groups within the lignin network, which contribute to the polar part of the surface free energy. The high effectiveness of plasma treatment on thermally modified wood might thus be explained by its high relative proportion of lignin.

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