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Thursday, 6 April 2017

Bmi a Health Pointer- a Prospective Study of Apparent Healthy Students of Dorben Polytechnic Abuja

Author
Nwachukwu F. C., M. M. Barau and Iheghoro G. O.
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Abstract: Most Nigerians eat for every reason other than hunger. Binge eating and bulimia are significant concerns. BMI along with waist circumference measurement points where the fat accumulates on the body. When fat is primarily stored around the trunk than in the hips, thigh or arms presents risk factors. The common cause of truncal obesity is eating too many heavily processed or highly fat foods and a lack of physical activity. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a good measure of general adiposity therefore, the aim of this research is to highlight a commonplace fact on Nigerians eating habits with its link on health status, through BMI assessment. The researchers measure fasting blood sugar using the principle of glucose oxidase method, BMI and associated anthropometric parameters in apparent healthy students, to scale the health status in prospect. The results revealed positive correlation between Fasting blood sugar with BMI and Waist circumference. The association between the BMI and Waist Circumference with Blood pressure showed both positive and negative correlation. BMI correlated well with Waist circumference. There was no significant change in all the parameters except in BMI. From the results, trend in the development of risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes are farsighted. Despite the limitation faced by BMI, of not putting into account many factors such as frame size and musculature, the result agreed with other parameters measured and reinforce the importance of normal body weight in young adults so as to address now, the future health.
Date: 2016
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Samples of Fruits in Local Markets, Iraq

Author
Ali Abid Abojassim Al-Hamidawi, Heiyam Najy Hady and Zahrah Baqer Mohammed
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Abstract: Radon concentrations in fruits samples collected randomly from local markets in An Najaf, Iraq has been measured using two passive technique (LR-115 type II nuclear track detectors). The radon concentrations measured by both tracks are found to vary from (18.51±8.28 Bq/m3) to (62.96±15.27 Bq/m3 ) with a mean value of (37.44±5.09 Bq/m3 ) and from (37.03±11.71 Bq/m3) to (100±19.24 Bq/m3) with a mean value of (55.55±6.83 Bq/m3) respectively. All values of radon concentrations for samples under study were found to be quite lower than the permissible value of (400 Bq/m3) recommended by (ICRP). From radiation protection purpose of read, it had been found that the fruits samples under study don’t cause any vital risk for the presence of 222Rn concentration ,and it’s thought of radiologically safe for human consumption.
Date: 2016
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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Efficacies of Withania Coagulans Seed Extract against Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

Author
Hamsa Noreen, Bakht Zaman, Ata Ur Rehmean and Waseem Hassan
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Abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional profile, phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of aqueous and acetonic extract of Withania coagulans by standard chemical analysis methods. Proximate analysis revealed that aqueous extract of W.coagulans is a rich source of soluble solids (16.1 ± 1.5%), fiber (15.5 ± 0.1%), pH (11.5 ± 0.19%), ash (11.2 ± 0.2%), sugar (9.7 ± 0.1%) and ascorbic acid (9.7 ± 0.1 mg/100ml). Phytochemicals detected were flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrate & sugar, phenolic compounds, proteins & amino acids, tannins, gum and mucilage while phytosterols were absent. The antifungal and antibacterial activities of these extracts were determined against ten bacterial (Escherichia coli,Bacilluscereus, Staphylococcus aureus,Clostridium, Escherichia coli (Human), Bacillus subtilius, xanthomonas, Salmonella typhi,Salmonella heidelberg andKlebsiella pneumonia) and five fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, Entomola, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata and Penicillium) using the agar well diffusion method. The acetonic extract of W. coagulans indicated highest antibacterial activity (12mm) against clostridium and Salmonella heidelberg and lowest action (5mm) against E. coli (Human.). Highest antifungal activity (10mm) was recorded against Alternaria alternata andPenicilliumwhileAspergillus nigershowedlowest zone of inhibition (6mm). Streptomycin was used as a control. The antioxidant activity was assessed by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method using the ascorbic acid as standard. The acetonic extract of W.coagulans exhibited highest scavenging activity (72%) at concentration of 30mg/ml, with an IC50 value (18µg/ml) as compared to control (4µg/ml). The presence of bioactive compounds, nutrients and biochemical screening indicated that the seeds of W. coagulans can serve as a potential and possible nutraceutical source for the treatment various pathologies.
Date: 2016
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Effects of Cooking on the Nutritional Properties of Tomato Fruit (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)

Author
Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf, Lynda Arkoub-Djermoune and Khodir Madania
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Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate effects of three cooking methods (frying, grilling and baking) on the nutritional properties of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Compared with fresh samples, all cooking processes were found to increase pH, total soluble solids, total sugar, ash, non enzymatic browning index and ABTS radical scavenging activity of tomato. However, the processes reduced the DPPH radical scavenging activity and its reducing power. Frying and grilling, the two most popular Algerian cooking methods, have induced a significant increase in total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, but they have reduced vitamin C, total carotenoids, lycopene and the moisture contents. The traditional cooking methods of Algerian people improve the nutritional properties of tomato fruit. Similarly, we recommend the consumption of fresh tomato in order to provide some antioxidant compounds such vitamin C and carotenoids
Date: 2016
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Economic Assessment of Weeds Management Methods in Bambara Groundnut (Vigna Subterranean (L) Verdc) at Sabon Gari in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Borno State, Nigeria

Author
A.L. Banta and I.A. Sodangi
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Abstract: Bambara Groundnut though cultivated majorly by women, remains a crop of high value to some local communities. Field trials were conducted in the rainy seasons of 2010 and 2011 to assess the effect of weed control methods on the yield and profitability of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc) at Sabon Gari in the Northern Guinea Savannah of Borno State, Nigeria. The experiment was made up of eight treatments (weedy check, pendimenthalin only, pendimenthalin followed by one hoe weeding, butachlor only, butachlor followed by one hoe weeding, hoe weeding once, hoe weeding twice and hoe weeding thrice) all arranged in a randomnized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The weedy check and the plots that were treated with pendimenthalin only supported statistically similar weed dry matter in both years, which was significantly higher than the other treatments. In 2010, all the hoe weeded plots produced significantly grain yields than the weedy check and the herbicide treated plots except pendimenthalin followed by hoe weeding once. None of the herbicide treatments out-yielded the weedy check. In 2011, however, all the hoe weeding once and hoe weeding twice treatments out-yielded the hoe weeding trice treatment, although the difference was not significant. The result shows that bambara groundnut production was profitable in the two years of the study. The mean of the two years experiment shows that pendimenthalin followed by one hoe weeding had the highest net benefit of N60,875, while the least was recorded by butachlor followed by one hoe weeding (N17,494). The mean MRR indicate that hoe weeding once recorded 1.56 as the highest while the least was observed in hoe weeding thrice (0.42). It was therefore recommended that the weeds management methods be tried in larger field for economic impact, the application of pendimenthalin herbicide followed by one hoe weeding be studied further on bambara groundnut weeding practices.
Date: 2016
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Role of Probiotics in Improving Ration Digestibility Based on Palm Oil Industry by Product on Etawa Cross Bred Dairy Goat

Author
Arief, N Jamarun and B Satria
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Abstract: The research objective was to determine the role of probiotics in improving digestibility of ration’s etawa cross bred dairy goat lactation based on palm oil industrial byproducts. Palm oil Industrial byproducts used was palm kernel cake (PKC) and palm oil sludge (POS) with additional materials as corn, bran, coconut meal and minerals. Research using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment is administered dose of probiotics, namely, A). 0 g (without probiotics), B). 100 g, C). 125 g, D). 150 g, E). 175 g and F) .200 g. This research was in-vitro test using Tilley and Terry methode (1969). Parameters measured were Digestibility of Dry Matter Digestibility (DDM), Digestibility of Organic Matter (DOM) and Digestibility of Crude Protein (DCP). The results showed that probiotics supplementation can improve DOM on average by 42.96%, DDM average of 31.13% and increased of DCP by 39.97%.
Date: 2016
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The Effect of Palm Kernel Cake with Cellulase and Manannase Supplemented Enzyme Utilization in Broiler Ration

Author
Mirnawati, Ade Djulardi and Gita Ciptaan
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Abstract: An experiment was conducted to use of palm kernel cake with cellulase and manannase supplemented enzyme in the ration on broiler performance. The method used was experimental. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatment rations containing palm kernel cake (PKC) (10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) and cellulase and manannase supplemented enzymes 800 U/kg in ration, each treatment was repeated four times. Parameters measured were feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion, body weight, carcass percentage of broiler chickens. The results showed that the use of palm kernel cake with cellulase and manannase supplemented enzyme in the ration of broiler had no significant (P>0.05) effect on feed consumption, but highly significant (P
Date: 2016
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Examination of Farming Systems for Sustainable Agricultural Development Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the Case of Ilam Province, Iran

Author
Alireza Poursaeed, Said Mehdi Mirdamadi, Iraj Malekmohammadi and Said Jamal Farajollah Hossaini
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Abstract: Farming Systems play a key role in achieving sustainability. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to define an appropriate farming system which provides Sustainable Agricultural Development (SAD) in "Iran". The population consisted of the 15 research experts were interviewed to determine the sustainable agricultural development criteria and appropriate farming systems. The sampling of the experts was carried out via Non probability Sampling (Purposive and Chained). Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied for the decision making stage. The required statistics were carried out by the use of EC2000 software. A questionnaire was developed based on the Analytical hierarchy Process (AHP). Each question consisted of a pair-wise comparison of two criteria. Therefore, the six criteria and four alternatives resulted in a total of 42 questions. First the respondents were asked to indicate the relative importance of the two criteria with respect to the overall goal. Finally, the Experts were asked to indicate the relative importance of the two alternatives (Farming systems) with respect to the each criterion. The results indicated that using less amount of chemical fertilizer, using less amount of chemical pesticide, crop rotation, reducing tillage operation, land fragmentation and reducing soil erosion criteria are the most important criteria for sustainable agriculture of Iran. The results of farming systems prioritizing by experts using AHP indicated that the private and cooperative farming systems are the most useful farming systems for sustainable agricultural development.
Date: 2016
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Identification of Unused Land Suitable For Bioenergy Production in Aceh

Author
T. Azuar Rizal and Razali Thaib Hamdani.

Abstract: Based on data from 2007, area of critical land in Aceh Province 459,469.28 ha area with an area of 393,025.63 hectares categorized as critical and very critical area of 66,443.65 hectares. In 2011 the area of critical land in the province has increased reaching 460,099.76 ha, with an area of 393,397.03 hectares categorized as critical and very critical area of 66,702.73 hectares. Critical land is unproductive land. Although it is managed, the productivity is very low, sometimes the quantities of products received far less than the cost of management. This land is barren, bare, not suitable for agriculture, due to its degraded fertility rate. In relation to the energy issues, critical land - as a bioenergy crop land - considered to resolve a fraction of issues on electricity peak load in Aceh, which reached 204.5 MW, much of which can be provided at this time is about 58.2 MW. Current policy of Aceh Government in energy development prioritizing the development renewable energy - which is claimed to be environmentally friendly - to meet its energy needs in order to deliver an equal welfare of the people of Aceh through the energy diversification, intensification of energy and energy conservation. In this study, a set of remotely sensed data, environmental data and field survey information is analised to identify possible marginal lands in Aceh. All Gathered data was transferred to the Geographical Information System (GIS) software in order to develop maps and a database of potential marginal lands that could be used for bioenergy production.
Date: 2016
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Revealing of Wheat Products Contamination With Flour Beetles Tribolium spp. by Molecular Technique

Author
Aida S. Kamel, Mona F. Abd-El Aziz and Rawheia H. Ramadan
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Abstract: Molecular technique is an accurate, susceptible, and species-specific method for detection of stored-product pests. The closely related flour beetles, Tribolium spp; red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum and confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum cause extensive economic loss of wheat grains and its products due to the contamination with their fragments and toxic secretions. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) has been used successfully to detect DNA insect fragments in different commercial wheat product samples. Specific primers were designed to amplify elongation factor 1-alpha (EFA1) and beta-tubulingene for detection of T. castaneum and T. confusum DNA, respectively. Five types of flour have been examined and two types of local biscuits were tested as final wheat products. The results showed that the two primers, which designed for amplification of the two flour beetles DNA, are effective, sensitive, and species-specific for detection of the insect fragments in all wheat products. It was a pity that bands of the DNA of the two beetles appeared in all types of tested product samples. The contamination with these secondary pests, especially with T. confusm, might be started in the early stage of storing whole grains before milling process
Date: 2016
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Watermelon Crop Response Under Shallow Water Table at Initial Growth for Tıdal Lowland Agrıculture

Author
Momon Sodik Imanudin and Bakri dan M. Edi Armanto
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Abstract: Water melon cultivation is one of proper alternative in order to increase farmers income at tidal lowland agriculture. The research of crop adaptation to wet soil condition is required so that farmers are capable to decide the best planting time at several conditions of the existing land typology. The research to determine crop physiology response at initial growth period had been conducted within greenhouse. The treatments were consisted of water table depth at 15, 10 and 5 cm below soil surface, respectively. Observation of water table surface was done in the field. Analysis of crop potential based on water status condition in the root zones was conducted by using secondary and primary data. Results of crop adaptation at shalow water table depth showed that treatments of water table depth 10 cm and 5 cm were not signficantly different in term of crop height with magnitude of 12.6 cm and 12.3 cm having respectively 3 leaves. However, it had significant effect on root length with magnitude of 11.9 cm dan 3.1 cm, respectively. Maximum crop height of 15.2 cm and leaves number of 4 was found on treatment of 15 cm water table depth. It can be concluded that farmers can do planting at water table condition of 10 cm below soil surface. The objective of accelerated planting is that crop do not need irrigation water at generative phase. This condition is especially recommended for C land typology which had high porosity and low capilary flow.
Date: 2016
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Livelihoods of Communities of Agriculture and Aquaculture in the Hau River Lower Basin, Long Xuyen City, an Giang Province, Vietnam

Author
Nguyen Thi Kim Quyen and Chau Thi Da
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Abstract: The study was conducted to analyze livelihoods efficiency of key agriculture, aquaculture and fisheries groups via KIP interviews and household survey (140 samples). A set of data processing method was used, including descriptive statistics, multiple choice analysis, Likert scale and economic indicators analysis. The results show that rice cultivation (52.67%, 5/5 mark) and other aquatic species aquaculture (28%; 4.50±0.53 mark) were the most pupolar and important livelihoods. Rice farming community was had a relative diversified and stable livelihood with total income of 6,246.2 ±4,074.8 USD/household/year. Vegetable growers had an unstable livelihood and low income. Pangasius farming community was small-scale and high ratio of risk (lost ratio of 47.62%) so that they have gradual transformed production mode into large-scale intensive companies or outsourcing farming areas for large processing companies. Other aquatic species farming group(snakehead pond farming and tilapia cage culture) had stable life, high income (more than 28,570 USD/household/year). Fishing community conducted activity on a small scale, using rudimentary fishing gears and took low yield (2,629.55±1,365.13 kg/year), low income (1,662.8±576.2 USD/household/year). Market prices and productivity were the biggest concerns that should be interested in improving the people’s livelihoods.
Date: 2016
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The Efficacy of Bangbangsit (Lantana camara Linn) as Organic Katol

Author
Romiro G. Bautista
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Abstract: This study explores the efficacy of the developed Bangbangsit katol (Lantana camara Linn.) using dried young and matured leaves and flowers of the plants in treating mosquitoes. L. camara is known to contain repellant properties to insects. Philippines, particularly in the countryside like Quirino province, hosts L. camara pandemically in its topographies. On the other hand, mosquitoes had been one of the vectors of the world’s pandemic health problem of serious human diseases that threaten human existence, e.g. Malaria, zika virus, dengue fever, chikungunya, among others. Young and matured leaves and flowers of L. camara were freshly picked, air dried, and pulverized. The katol stick was developed by mixing the pulverized L. camara and corn starch. The corn starch was used as binder in forming the katol stick. Mosquitoes were collected and subjected to the fume of the burnt L. camara katol stick: T1 - young leaves, T2 - matured leaves, T3 - flowers, and Tc - commercial katol. Time of disorientation (unprecedented display of behavior) and time of death were determined and compared. Findings revealed that there are no significant difference on the number of disoriented and killed mosquitoes across treatments in the study, hence the efficacy of the proposed organic katol and the commercial katol is comparable. Therefore, Bangbangsit katol stick (L. camara) is a good alternative of the commercial katol in controlling the proliferation of mosquitoes.
Date: 2016
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COORDINATING PRODUCTION AND DISPOSAL OF COMMODITY STOCKPILES WITH APPLICATION TO AUSTRALIA'S WOOL INDUSTRY

Author
Greg Hertzler

Abstract: Following the dismantling of a price-support program, a central bureaucracy is left with a commodity stockpile to dispose. It happened with wheat and feed grains in the U.S. in 1986 and wool in Australia in 1991. It soon may happen in Europe with grains, manufactured dairy products and other commodities which have supported prices. Obvious policies include privatising the stockpile, disposing of the stockpile by a central bureaucracy and quarantining the stockpile from the market. Each policy imposes constraints on disposal based, perhaps, on judgments of political acceptability to producers and government. In this article, optimal rules for production and disposal are derived and solved and a new policy is proposed. Then the model is applied to the disposal of Australia's wool stockpile. Results show that centralised disposal will almost always be preferred to privatisation of the stockpile. Centralised disposal is also preferred to quarantining the stockpile if interest rates are high, but quarantining is preferred if interest rates are low. Centralised disposal and quarantining are not optimal, however. Optimal production and disposal combines the efficiency of privatisation with the market power of centralised disposal. To achieve this, the property rights to the stockpile can be redefined using payment-in-kind certificates and individual transferable entitlements. The payment-in-kind certificates assign ownership of the stockpile to individual producers who then make both production and disposal decisions. The individual transferable entitlements allow the industry to produce efficiently and extend market power from the central bureaucracy to producers. For the Australian wool stockpile, optimal production and disposal would benefit the industry by an estimated $2.7 billion.
Keywords: Demand and Price Analysis; Productivity Analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 1994
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PRICE-LINKED FARM AND SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS

Author
Robert L. Batterham and T. Gordon MacAulay

Abstract: The integration of detailed farm supply models with the basic spatial equilibrium model, is outlined. The direct linking of farm linear programming models with the spatial equilibrium model is achieved so that both prices and quantities are endogenous. Both the farm model and the spatial equilibrium model must be specified in primal-dual form to make the linkages. Limited details of the use of such a model in a study of a segment of the grain handling system in New South Wales are presented along with conclusions relating to the pricing of grain handling services.
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PRODUCTION STRUCTURE AND THE AUSTRALIAN SAWMILLING INDUSTRY

Author
Hugh R. Bigsby

Abstract: This paper examines the production structure of the Australian sawmilling sector over the period 1950-51 to 1984-85 using a translog cost function. The results show that the sawmilling industry is best represented by a production function which does not have any restrictions on functional form. Inputs, including capital, labour, materials and energy, are generally found to substitutable for one another, although the degree of substitutability is small. There have been economies of scale in the Australian sawmilling industry, and technological change has been capital and energy-using, and labour and materials-saving.
Keywords: Productivity Analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 1994
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http://purl.umn.edu/22730 (application/pdf)
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Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics is currently edited by December
More articles in Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics from  Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Contact information at EDIRC.
Series data maintained by AgEcon Search (aesearch@umn.edu).

For further details log on website :
http://econpapers.repec.org/article/agsajaeau/22730.htm
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Fasting for Runners

Author BY   ANDREA CESPEDES  Food is fuel, especially for serious runners who need a lot of energy. It may seem counterintuiti...