Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC): Potential Material for Microtechnology Devices

Published Date
Date: 01 July 2014

Author

Suhaila M. Yusuf 

, Abbas A. Dehghani-Sanij

, Robert C. Richardson

Abstract

Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) is one of the electroactive materials that is being actively investigated. This is due to its potential to become actuators from micro to macro technology. It can be used to develop small actuators such as microgripper or robotic’s fingers for manipulating biology cell as it only requires small voltages to generate significant displacement and will not cause any damage to the object being manipulated. This paper presents the characterization of small-scale IPMC using a vision system and force measurement using a load cell. Six small-scale IPMC samples have been used in the experimental works with voltage excitation of 1–3 V and fixed frequency of 0.5 Hz. Results show that the range of displacement and force generated by the IPMC depends on several parameters such as physical dimensions and voltage magnitude.

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Effects of Different Resin Content and Densities on Some Properties of Hybrid Wood Sawdust-Acacia mangium Composites

Published Date
Date: 01 July 2014

Author

Siti Noorbaini Sarmin 

, Norhafizah Rosman

, Jamaludin Kasim

, Shaikh Abdul Karim Yamani Zakaria

Abstract

Utilisation of sawdust-like hybrid composite is one innovative way to reduce the usage of wood-based material and at same time reduce the abundance of wood waste. Effects of different resin content and densities on the properties of hybrid wood sawdust-Acacia mangiumcomposites were investigated in this study. Three-layered hybrid composites from sawdust and Acacia mangiumwere fabricated with different resin content and densities within the face/back (sawdust) and core (Acacia mangiumparticles). Two different resin contents, 8:10:8 and 12:10:12, were used with 500, 600 and 700 kg/m3 board densities. Urea formaldehyde (UF) was used as a binder with addition of wax. The properties of bending strength (MOR and MOE), internal bonding strength (IB), thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) were evaluated based on Japanese Industrial Standard, JIS A 5908:2003 Particleboard (2003). The results showed that there were significant interactions between resin content and densities on hybrid wood sawdust-Acacia mangiumcomposites. The result obtained indicated that bending and internal bonding strengths of the panel bonded using 12:10:12 resin content with 700 kg/m3 density were better compared to 8:10:8 resin content. Thickness swelling and water absorption rate were reduced for the panel bonded with 12:10:12 resin content compared to 8:10:8 resin content. When the density increased, the physical properties and thickness swelling were decreased. It is expected that hybrid composite from sawdust can be commercialised into a value-added product in wood-based industry.

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Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of Dendrocalamus asper Backer specimens with and without nodes

Published Date
November 2016, Volume 74, Issue 6, pp 893–899

Original

First Online: 

13 April 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s00107-016-1048-8

Cite this article as: 

Srivaro, S. & Jakranod, W. Eur. J. Wood Prod. (2016) 74: 893. doi:10.1007/s00107-016-1048-8

Author

• Suthon SrivaroEmail author
• Woravit Jakranod

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of nodes on some of the physical and mechanical properties of Dendrocalamus asper Backer (D. asper Backer). Two types of D. asper Backer specimens, with and without nodes, were prepared from the bottom and top parts of the bamboo culms for testing of their physical (density, water uptake, shrinkage and swelling) and mechanical (shear strength parallel to the grain, tensile strength parallel to the grain, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity) properties. The results obtained for the two types of specimens were then compared. The results showed that the radial swelling and shrinkage properties, the tensile strength parallel to the grain and the modulus of rupture values of specimens with nodes were significantly lower than those of specimens without nodes at both culm height positions examined. The other properties along the culm’s height were not significantly different for the two specimen types. The results indicate that node effects should be considered as part of the practical design of D. asper Backer bamboo products, especially when bamboo with nodes is used.

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Flammability and thermal degradation behavior of flame retardant treated wood flour containing intumescent LDPE composites

Published Date
November 2016, Volume 74, Issue 6, pp 851–856

Original

First Online: 

02 May 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s00107-016-1042-1

Cite this article as: 

Altun, Y., Doğan, M. & Bayramlı, E. Eur. J. Wood Prod. (2016) 74: 851. doi:10.1007/s00107-016-1042-1

Author

• Yasemin Altun
• Mehmet Doğan
• Erdal BayramlıEmail author

Abstract

In the current study, the flame retardant wood-plastic composites (WPC) were produced by reducing the flammability of both the wood flour (WF) and the matrix material. Accordingly, WF was treated either with bis[tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium] sulfate (THPS) or with dicyandiamide-formaldehyde-phosphoric acid flame retardants (DFP). The synergistic mixture of ammonium polyphosphate (m-APP) was used to improve the flame retardancy of matrix material based on low density polyethylene (LDPE). The flame retardant properties of LDPE based composites were investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 standard, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and cone calorimeter. The addition of 30 wt% m-APP increased the LOI value from 17.5 to 24.2 and still burned to a clamp (BC) in UL-94 test. The THPS and DFP treatments of WF did not have any remarkable effects on the flammability properties (LOI and UL-94 ratings) with respect to LDPE/WF/APP composite. According to cone calorimeter test results, the treatments of WF with THPS and DFP improved the fire performance with approximately 25 % reduction in total heat evolved (THE) with respect to LDPE/WF/APP. The high reduction in THE value demonstrated that there was an increase in the fire performance of the LDPE based composites when THPS or DFP treated WF was used with m-APP due to the increase in the amount of foamed char providing barrier effect.

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