Vitamins for Bags Under the Eyes

by JILL CORLEONE, RDN, LD 

Eating foods rich in vitamins A and C may help prevent skin aging and the onset of eye bags. Photo Credit Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images

Lack of sleep, heredity and aging are the major factors that cause bags under the eyes. The vitamins in your diet may not play a major role in any of these causes, but making sure you include foods rich in vitamins A, C and E may help offer some protection against the aging process. Consult your doctor to discuss how diet affects your health, including the bags under your eyes.

Vitamin C

One of the major causes of eye bags is the weakening of the ligaments underneath your eye that hold the fatty tissue back. According to a study published in 2007 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, not getting enough vitamin C in your diet increases skin aging. The authors of the study theorize that it has something to do with the role vitamin C plays in the production of collagen, which is the protein that makes the ligaments under your eyes. To help reduce the risk of bags under your eyes, include red and green peppers, oranges, grapefruits, broccoli, cantaloupe and tomatoes to get more vitamin C in your diet.

Vitamin A

The 2007 study from the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition also noted a relationship between lower intakes of vitamin A and an increase in skin aging. Vitamin A doesn't have a direct impact on eye bags like vitamin C, but it may offer some protection against damage from the sun, which may help delay the skin aging process. Sweet potatoes, carrots, black-eyed peas, milk and eggs are good food sources of vitamin A.

Vitamin E

Vitamin E also protects the skin from sun damage, which may also help delay the aging responsible for eye bags. Additionally, vitamin E is an important antioxidant that protects your cells from the oxidative damage that's known to be a major factor in the aging process. Vitamin E is found in almonds, wheat germ, sunflower seeds and peanut butter.

Other Diet Factors

Vitamins play more of an indirect role in helping you manage the bags under your eyes, but there are diet changes you can make that may have more of a direct impact. For example, limiting your intake of foods that cause fluid retention such as fast food, processed meats and salty snacks may help prevent some of the puffiness. Also, watch your intake of caffeine to help ensure that you get an adequate amount of sleep each night.

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Potassium fertilization affects the distribution of fine roots but does not change ectomycorrhizal community structure

Published Date
September 2016, Volume 73, Issue 3, pp 691–702

Title 

Potassium fertilization affects the distribution of fine roots but does not change ectomycorrhizal community structure

• Author 

• Lixia Wang, 
• Klaus Katzensteiner, 
• Helmut Schume, 
• Marcela Van Loo, 
• Douglas L. Godbold

Original Paper

First Online: 

20 May 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s13595-016-0556-3

Cite this article as: 

Wang, L., Katzensteiner, K., Schume, H. et al. Annals of Forest Science (2016) 73: 691. doi:10.1007/s13595-016-0556-3

Abstract

Key message

K fertilization led to a significant increase in fine root biomass, fine root length, and root tip number in the mineral soil layer but does not affect the ecomycorrhizal community structure in the organic horizon.

Context

Potassium (K) deficiency is common in Picea abies in the European Alps. Fertilization with other nutrients often influences fine root biomass and ectomycorrhizas, but less is known about the effects of K-fertilization.

Aims

The aim of the investigation was to determine the effects of K-fertilization on stem growth and fine root biomass of Picea abies, as well as the influence on ectomycorrhizal community structure of the fine roots.

Methods

Eight years after a single fertilization of K-deficient Picea abies with 200 kg K ha−1, fine roots were collected from 7 control and 6 K-fertilized plots. Fine root biomass and morphology were determined. The identification of ectomycorrhizal taxa was determined by morphotyping and by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA.

Results

K-fertilization did not affect the amount of fine root biomass and ectomycorrhizal community structure in the Oi + Oe and Oa layers but led to a significant increase in fine root biomass, fine root length, and root tip number in the mineral soil layer.

Conclusion

An increase in growth due to K-fertilization leads to great exploration of the mineral soil by fine roots but does not affect the ectomycorrhizal community structure in the organic horizons.

Keywords

Picea abiesRadial growthPotassiumDiversityAbundance

Handling Editor: Ana Rincon

Contribution of the co-authors

Lixia Wang carried out the research, determined root biomass, identified ectomycorrhizas, and co-wrote the manuscript.

Klaus Katzensteiner designed and instigated the K-fertilization study, worked on drafts of the manuscript, and advised on statistics.

Helmut Schume carried out measurements of radial growth and commented on the manuscript.

Marcela van Loo was involved in molecular determination of ectomycorrhizas and revised the manuscript.

Douglas Godbold lead the research on root and mycorrhizas, supervised Lixia Wang, and co-wrote the manuscript.

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Silver coated anionic cellulose nanofiber composites for an efficient antimicrobial activity

Published Date

20 September 2016, Vol.149:51–59, doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.084

Title 

Silver coated anionic cellulose nanofiber composites for an efficient antimicrobial activity

• Author 

• Mayakrishnan Gopiraman ^b
• Abdul Wahab Jatoi ^a
• Seki Hiromichi ^a
• Kyohei Yamaguchi ^a
• Han-Yong Jeon ^c
• Ill-Min Chung ^b,,
• Ick Soo Kim ^a,,

• aNano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano Prefecture, 386-8567, Japan
• bDepartment of Applied Bioscience, College of Life & Environment Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
• cDepartment of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Inha University, Inha-Ro 100, Nam-Gu, Incheon, South Korea

Received 1 January 2016. Revised 4 April 2016. Accepted 19 April 2016. Available online 21 April 2016.

Highlights

• •
  Ag/cellulose nanofibers before (CMC-Ag) and after (AgNPs/CMC) reduction are prepared.
• •
  Physicochemical properties of CMC-Ag and AgNPs/CMC are investigated.
• •
  Content and release of Ag were higher in CMC-Ag than AgNPs/CMC.
• •
  Better antibacterial activity is concluded by CMC-Ag in comparison to AgNPs/CMC.

Abstract

Herein, we report a comparative study of silver coated anionic cellulose nanocomposite before (CMC-Ag) and after (AgNPs/CMC) chemical reduction for antibacterial activity. Cellulose nanofibers were prepared by deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers, which were then treated with sodium chloroacetate to prepare anionic cellulose nanofibers (CMC). Aqueous AgNO₃solution with different concentrations was employed to produce nanofiber composites. To obtain AgNPs/CMC, the resultant Ag/CMC nanofibers were chemically reduced with NaBH₄. The nanocomposites were characterized by FE-SEM, FTIR, XPS and SEM-EDS. Antimicrobiality tests were conducted using S. aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria following standard test method JIS L1902, 2008. The EDS results confirmed higher silver content in CMC-Ag nanofibers than AgNPs/CMC nanofibers. The antimicrobial test and EDS results demonstrated higher silver release (larger halo width) by the former in comparison to later which confers better antimicrobiality by CMC-Ag nanofibers.

Graphical abstract

Chemical compounds studied in this article

• DMF (Pub Chem CID: 6228)
• Acetone (Pub Chem CID: 180)
• Silver nitrate (Pub Chem CID: 24470)
• Sodium hydroxide (Pub Chem CID: 14798)
• Chloroacetic acid (Pub Chem CID: 300)
• Sodium carbonate (Pub Chem CID: 10340)
• Sodium tetrahydroborate (Pub Chem CID: 22959485)

Keywords

• Electrospinning
• Nanocomposites
• Silver
• Reduction
• Antimicrobiality

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Table 2.

Fig. 7.

• DOC (523K)

• ⁎ 
  Corresponding authors.

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