Published Date December 2015, Vol.117:191–197,doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.08.016 Author
Aparna Kalawate a,c,
Sayaji Mehetre b,c,,
aZoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Vidyanagar, Sector-29, P.C.N.T. Post, Rawet Road, Akurdi, Pune 411044, India
bNuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
cIndian Plywood Industries Research & Training Institute, Bangalore, India
Received 7 December 2014. Revised 26 July 2015. Accepted 21 August 2015. Available online 22 August 2015.
Highlights
Study found new fungus Fusarium proliferatum infecting wood first time from India.
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Chemicals and gamma radiation found to be very effective to inhibit fungi and insect.
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Gamma radiation at 10 kGy dose was suitable for control of insect and fungi.
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There was increase incidence of insect and fungi at higher dose of 50 kGy.
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SEM showed no effect of radiation on wood at 10 kGy dose.
Abstract
This article describes the isolation, identification, and characterization of wood-rotting fungi and insects, and their inhibition was studied using gamma radiation. Products manufactured from plantation timber species are deteriorated by wood-rotting fungi such as Hypocrea lixii, Fusarium proliferatum, and Aspergillus flavus, and insects such as powderpost beetles. Proper preservation methods are necessary for ensuring a long service life of wood products. In this study, wood samples were treated with 2.5% copper ethanolamine boron (CEB) (10% w/v) and subsequently irradiated with gamma rays (10 kGy). It was observed that CEB-treated and gamma-irradiated samples controlled fungi and powderpost beetles significantly. As wood is a dead organic material, penetration of chemicals into it is very difficult. Gamma rays easily pass through wooden objects with hidden eggs and dormant spores of insects and fungi, respectively. Gamma irradiation was proved very effective in reducing damage caused by both fungi and insects.
Abstract Previously, any failure of Orang Asli development activity in Malaysia, was characterised by using a single term in all situations − “marginalisation”. This generalisation was unfair to everyone involved in the Orang Asli development process, made it difficult to resolve problems, and resulted in tendencies to blame certain people. Based on ethnographic research in Kuala Gandah, Pahang, Malaysia, this article allocates three terms in the Orang Asli development marginalisation discourse: “secluded”, “isolated”, and “marginalised”. “Secluded” refers to development activity that accidentally marginalises. “Isolated” refers to development activity that directly and deliberately marginalises. “Marginalised” refers to the Che Wong that were eliminating or avoiding development. These terms were exposed by weaknesses in the implementation of development, namely the role of a single dominant approach in development activities – the top-down approach – and a tendency to generalise the marginalisation of the Orang Asli. This article recommends that more care be taken to apply a development approach that deals with situations on a case-by-case basis and that utilises the partnership approach to development, involving all parties in all phases.
Dans le passé, tout échec d’activités de développement parmi les Orang Asli de Malaisie était caractérisé au moyen d’un seul terme pour toutes les situations — « marginalisation ». Cette généralisation était injuste pour toutes les personnes impliquées dans le processus de développement des Orand Asli, rendait difficile la résolution des prolèmes et aboutissait à une tendance à rendre responsables certaines personnes. Sur la base de recherches ethnographiques menées à Kuala Gandah, à Pahang, en Malaisie, cet article assigne trois termes au discours sur la marginalisation du développement des Orang Asli : « retiré », « isolé » et « marginalisé ». Le terme « retiré » concerne les activités de développement qui marginalisent accidentellement. « Isolé » fait référence aux activités de développement qui marginalisent directement et délibérément. « Marginalisé » concerne les Che Wong qui éliminaient ou évitaient le développement. Ces termes ont été exposés par des faiblesses sur le plan de la mise en œuvre du développement, notamment le rôle d’une approche dominante unique dans les activités de développement — l’approche directive (top-down) — et une tendance à généraliser la marginalisation des Orang Asli. Cet article recommande de prêter une plus grande attenton à l’application d’une approche de développement qui aborde les situations au cas par cas et qui utilise l’approche du développement axée sur les partenariats et fasse intervenir toutes les parties prenantes dans toutes les phases.
Anteriormente, cualquier fracaso de las actividades orientadas a promover el desarrollo de los pueblos orang asli de Malasia era caracterizado recurriendo a un solo término: marginalización. Semejante generalización resultaba injusta para los diversos actores involucrados en el proceso de desarrollo, a la vez que dificultaba la resolución de problemas y daba lugar a tendencias de culpar a ciertas personas. A partir de investigaciones etnográficas realizadas en Kuala Gandah, estado de Pahang, Malasia, el presente artículo aporta tres palabras referidas al discurso de marginalización vinculado con el proceso de desarrollo de los orang asli: apartado, aislado y marginalizado. El término “apartado” hace referencia a aquella actividad de desarrollo que, sin intención de hacerlo, marginaliza. “Aislado” da cuenta de la actividad de desarrollo que, directa y deliberadamente, marginaliza. Mientras que “marginalizado” alude a personas de habla che’ wong, que habían estado eliminando o evitando el desarrollo. Estos términos resultaron del análisis de las debilidades atribuibles a la implementación de actividades para el desarrollo, principalmente al rol desempeñado por un enfoque único y predominante en dichas actividades —el enfoque vertical— y a la tendencia a generalizar al referirse a la marginalización de los orang asli. En este sentido, el artículo recomienda tener mayor precaución a la hora de impulsar un enfoque de desarrollo, que los casos se atiendan en función de cada situación y que se utilice el enfoque de alianzas para el desarrollo en que todos los actores participan en todas las etapas.
For further details log on website :
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09614524.2016.1211093?journalCode=cdip20
Published Date April 2017, Vol.59:76–88,doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.06.018 Author
Kiattipoom Kiatkawsin
Heesup Han,
College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747 South Korea
Received 23 October 2015. Revised 1 June 2016. Accepted 20 June 2016. Available online 29 July 2016.
Highlights
We examined young travelers' pro-environmental behaviors.
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The value-belief-norm theory and the expectancy theory were merged.
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Our unified model included a strong prediction power.
Abstract
This research examined the intention to behave pro-environmentally while traveling amongst young group tour travelers by adopting an empirically validated value-belief-norm theory and merging it with Vroom's expectancy theory. The aim is to provide a more comprehensive framework for understanding the formation of environmentally friendly behaviors. The sample data of 538 responses were from young group travelers. The responses were subjected to structural equation modeling. The results showed that the combined model has a 12.8% stronger predictive power of pro-environmental intention than the original theory alone. It was also discovered from the results that the variables of the expectancy theory strongly influence pro-environmental personal norms, which in turn influences pro-environmental intentions. The discussions covered both theoretical and practical implications of this research as well as recommendations for further studies.
Kiattipoom Kiatkawsin is currently undertaking a Ph.D. degree in Hospitality and Tourism at the Collage of Hospitality and Tourism Management at Sejong University, Korea. He received his MSc degree in Hospitality and Tourism management from Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland. In addition, he has earned his MBA in Hospitality Management and Postgraduate Diploma in Events Management from the Hotel and Tourism Management Institute, Switzerland.
Heesup Han is an Associate Professor in the College of Hospitality and Tourism Management at Sejong University, Korea. His research interests include airline, medical tourism, green hotels, and hospitality and tourism marketing. His papers have been selected as the most downloaded and read articles in many top-tier hospitality and tourism journals.
Published Date December 2016, Vol.57:286–294,doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.06.014 Author
Stuart J. Barnes a,,
Jan Mattsson b,
Flemming Sørensen b,
aSchool of Management and Business, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
bDepartment of Communication, Business and Information Technology, Roskilde University, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Received 15 June 2015. Revised 3 December 2015. Accepted 17 June 2016. Available online 1 July 2016.
Highlights
We test a model of remembered positive affect and tourist revisit intentions.
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The research uses longitudinal data collection and PLS path modelling.
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Longer-term remembered experiences have the strongest impact on revisit intentions.
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Remembered positive affect is temporally unstable and declines over time.
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Contribution: a theory of serial remembered positive affect and revisit intentions.
Abstract
Tourism is an experience-intensive sector in which customers seek and pay for experiences above everything else. Remembering past tourism experiences is also crucial for an understanding of the present, including the predicted behaviours of visitors to tourist destinations. We adopt a longitudinal approach to memory data collection from psychological science, which has the potential to contribute to our understanding of tourist behaviour. In this study, we examine the impact of remembered tourist experiences in a safari park. In particular, using matched survey data collected longitudinally and PLS path modelling, we examine the impact of positive affect tourist experiences on the development of revisit intentions. We find that longer-term remembered experiences have the strongest impact on revisit intentions, more so than predicted or immediate memory after an event. We also find that remembered positive affect is temporally unstable and declines over time.
Keywords
Remembered experiences
Attractions
Revisit intentions
Positive affect
PLSPM
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Table 1
Table 1.
Table 2
Table 2.
Table 3
Table 3.Fig. 2.
Vitae
Stuart J. Barnes is Professor of Marketing at King's College London. He holds a first class honours degree in Economics and Geography from University College London and a PhD from Manchester Business School. His primary research interests centre on understanding consumer psychology, both online and offline, in different industry sectors. He has published five books (one a bestseller for Butterworth-Heinemann) and more than a hundred and fifty articles, including those in tourism research, marketing and other areas of management.
Professor Jan Mattsson has the chair in business administration at Roskilde university since May 1996. He has held several professorships and visiting professorships in New Zealand, Australia and Scandinavia. He received a Doctorate (Dr. Econ.) in Business Administration at Gothenburg University, Sweden, in 1982 and was promoted there to Associate Professor in 1985. Professor Mattsson is currently active in services marketing, service innovation and international marketing research. He has authored more than a hundred scholarly publications and serves on many editorial boards of international journals in marketing and services. He carries out international research funded by the Swedish Research Council.
Flemming Sørensen is an associate professor at the Department of Communication, Business and Information Technologies, Roskilde University, Denmark. He is a member of the university's research group on Service and Experience Innovation. His main research interests include issues relating to innovation management, innovation networks, user and employee driven innovation, innovation geography, innovation experiments and local economic development based on tourism and related sectors. He has published peer reviewed articles and book chapters about innovation in services, tourism and the experience economy.
