Sertifikasi Tidak Hanya untuk Hasil Hutan Kayu

LEI yang merupakan sebuah pengembang sistem, kedepannya berencana untuk mengembangkan sertifikasi ke hasil hutan bukan kayu lainnya.

Taman Hutan Raya Pocut Meurah Intan (Tahura PMI) (Syafrizaldi)

Lembaga Ekolabel Indonesia (LEI) adalah Organisasi non-profit berbasis konsituen yang mengembangkan sistem hutan untuk mengembangkan misi pengelolaan sumber daya hutan yang adil dan berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Selain itu, Sertifikasi label milik LEI dihasilkan oleh kegiatn pengelolaan hutan yan memperhatikan norma ekonomi dan norma sosial. Sebagai organisasi berbhasis konsituen, LEI memngutamakan transparansi yang diperlukan dalam kredibilitas sertifikasi hutan.

Konsituen LEI dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok besari yakni kelompok kama bisnis, kelompok kamar pemerhati kelompok kamar masyarakat adat/petani hutan dan kelompok tokoh lingkungan.

Dalam Sertifikasi hutan, LEI memiliki sebanyak lima skema sertifikasi yang unik dan berbeda dengan sertifikasi lainya, yakni:
1. Sertifikasi Pengelolaan hutan alam Lestari
2. Sertifikasi Pengelolaan hutan tanaman lestari
3. Sertifikasi Pengelolan hutan berbasis masyarakat lestari
4. Sertifikasi Pengelolaan hasil hutan bukan kayu lestari
5. Sertifikasi hutan Lacak Balak (Coc)

Lima skema di atas secara umum memiliki tujuan yang sama, yakni untuk mencapai hutan yang terkelola secara lestari dan hasil hutan yang diproduksi disebakan adanya proses produksi yang baik , berkelanjutan dan memiliki dampak positif terhadap aspek lingkungan dan sosial.

Sejauh ini, hutan yang sudah disertifkasi oleh LEI berjumlah kurang lebih 55 hutan yang terdiri dari 1 Hutan Alam (HPA), hutan tanaman (TI) sebanyak 18 serta hutan yang berbasis masyarakat sebanyak 36 yang terdiri dari 1 hutan adat, 1 hutan masyarakat dan hutan rakyat yang berada di pulau Jawa sebanyak 33 .

Meskipun sudah memiliki hutan yang berhasil disertifkasi, Bapak Ir. Herryadi selaku Direktur Eksekutif dari Lembaga Ekolabel Indonesia mengatakan bahwa LEI masih memilki beberapa kendala sebagai penggerak sertifikasi.Sebagai kendala pertama, LEI masih belum memiliki pengakuan dari masyarakat maupun pasar sebaik FSC. Hingga saat ini, LEI belum banyak memiliki keterampilan untuk membantu para produsen pengguna Label LEI untuk mendapatkan pengakuan dari pasaran baik dalam maupun luar negeri. Selain kendala pengakuan dari masyarakat, LEI yang ingin pergerakkannya dapat mempengaruhi kebijakan pemerintah, merasa pemerintah masih sangat tertutup dengan masukan-masukan dari lembaga seperti LEI serta perilaku koruptif yang masih marak terjadi.

Kedepannya, LEI yang merupakan sebuah pengembang sistem, LEI akan terus memperbaiki pengembangan sistem di hutan. Peran hutan yang tidak hanya menghasilkan produk kayu, tetapi juga sebagai penghasil produk hutan bukan kayu, memiliki peran penting pula dalam penyedia jasa lingkungan sebagai penjaga fungsi hidrologis.

Fungsi hidrologis untuk menjaga keberadaan air bersih secara baik dan kontinuitas, LEI akan mengembangkan sistem sertifikasi terhadap hal tersebut. Kemudian dalam fungsi karbon, hutan sebagai penyerap emisi karbon, LEI juga akan mengembangkan sertifikasi dengan penggunaan alat yang rendah emisi karbon. Selain beberapa fungsi di atas, LEI juga akan mencoba untuk menjalin kerjasama dengan Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) dan Kementria Pariwisata untuk mengembangkan sistem sertifikasi dalam bentuk hasil hutan bukan kayu.

(Nisrina Darnila)

For further information log on website :
http://nationalgeographic.co.id/berita/2016/03/sertifikasi-tidak-hanya-untuk-hasil-hutan-kayu

PRODUK KAYU JATI DALAM BENTUK KOMPONEN KAKI

Melayani pemesanan dengan berbagai ukuran untuk komponen diantaranya 5x5, 8x8, 10x10, 12x12 serta melayani pesanan ukuran

Komponen Kaki: Ukuran 10 x 10 cm

Komponen Kaki : Jati Lokal ( Sulawesi )

Kesediaan Komponen 10x10 sebanyak 20 Kubik

Kayu Jati Komponen 

Produk Kayu Jati Perhutani
Permintaan komponen dalam bentuk Square, harga menyesuaikan ukuran dan banyaknya pesanan.

Note: Capture diatas milik sendiri dan hanya mewakili beberapa gambaran dari kesediaan barang produksi kami.

For further information log on website :
http://www.kayu-jati.com/2012/10/produk-kayu-jati-dalam-bentuk-square.html

Sertifikasi Produk Kayu

Uni Eropa dan Amerika saat ini sangat gencar memerangi usaha perusakan hutan (illegal logging) yang pada dasarnya memiliki dampak sangat besar terhadap pemanasan global. Berbagai peraturan telah dikeluarkan terkait dengan penggunaan kayu dan produk kayu yang diijinkan untuk dipasarkan di dua pasar furniture tersebut.

Pemerintah Indonesia sendiri melalui Kementerian Kehutanan juga mendukung dengan komitmen tinggi. Salah satu program untuk mewujudkan pengelolaan hutan lestari yaitu dengan program Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu (SVLK).

Lalu bagaimana cara kerja sertifikasi tersebut di depan para buyer/retailer di Eropa, Amerika dan negara maju lainnya?

Sertifikasi
Terutama di Eropa dan Amerika, mereka mewajibkan importirnya untuk melengkapi produk yang mereka impor dengan dokumen yang bisa menjelaskan dengan baik asal-usul kayu pada furniture. Oleh karena itulah para pembeli selalu mencari dan menanyakan pada pabrik furniture apakah mereka telah memiliki sertifikat tentang asal-usul kayu yang dipergunakan. Dengan memiliki sertifikat tersebut, produsen bisa menggunakan logo atau label pada produk mereka.

Logo pada packaging atau plat tempel menjadi cara paling mudah dikenal oleh para konsumen. Untuk bisa menggunakan logo atau tanda khusus dari lembaga sertifikasi, produsen harus melalui beberapa tahap audit dan perbaikan-perbaikan sistem produksinya sesuai panduan dari lembaga sertifikasi tersebut.

LEI - Sebuah standar yang dikembangkan oleh Lembaga Ecolabelling Indonesia untuk menilai bahwa produk kayu yang memilik label LEI berasal dari sumber yang dikelola dengan memperhatikan norma hidup, norma lingkungan dan norma sosial.
Sejauh yang diketahui penulis, LEI ini merupakan sistem sertifikasi produk kayu dari lembaga lokal Indonesia yang pertama kali diluncurkan. Hingga saat ini, sesuai website LEI, tercatat baru 3 perusahaan produsen furniture kayu di Indonesia yang telah memiliki sertifikat LEI.

SVLK - Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu ini baru diluncurkan 2009 oleh Kementerian Kehutanan dan baru 50 perusahaan yang mengajukan permohonan. Biaya proses sertifikasi yang tidak murah menjadi kendala bagi sebagian pemohon yang berasal dari UKM. Sistem ini dibuat dalam salah satu usaha pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengurangi pembalakan liar yang telah menjadi sorotan dunia.
Walaupun saat ini masih belum begitu dikenal oleh dunia internasional, ini menjadi langkah yang sangat baik bagi perkembangan industri kayu di Indonesia.

GFTN - Global Forest and Trade Network diluncurkan tahun 2003 oleh WWF. GFTN dalam hal ini tidak memberikan sertifikasi untuk mengunakan logo atau label pada produk. Dukungan yang diberikan kepada anggota GFTN berupa panduan dan jaringan pasar yang terhubung dengan WWF. Anggota GFTN terbuka bagi komunitas, perusahaan maupun organisasi yang memiliki andil besar dalam kelestarian hutan. Yang termasuk di dalamnya adalah perusahaan multinasional, pengelola hutan, perusahaan pengolah kayu dan produk, perusahaan distribusi, hingga peritel yang menjual produk kayu di pasar Eropa maupun Amerika Serikat.

FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) telah menjadi standar internasional sertifikasi kayu dan produk kayu. Setiap perusahaan yang memiliki sertifikat FSC bisa menggunakan logo atau label pada produknya. Penggunaannya bisa berupa leaflet, plat besi tempel atau cetakan pada carton packing. Seluruh rantai distribusi kayu dari pengelola hutan, distributor kayu, industri pengelola kayu hingga peritel yang menjual produk kayu tersebut ke konsumen harus memiliki sertifikat FSC sebelum bisa menerapkan label pada produk.
Di dalam logo harus dicantumkan kode khusus yang bisa dihubungkan ke nama perusahaan produsen. Audit dan pemeriksaan distribusi material pada sertifikat FSC memiliki proses yang panjang dan tidak mudah, sehingga setiap organisasi atau perusahaan yang ingin memiliki sertifikat FSC harus benar-benar mengikuti aturan yang dipandu oleh SmartWood.

TFT (The Forest Trust) yang sebelumnya bernama Tropical Forest Trust sejak 1999 berusaha untuk membantu para peritel dunia mendapatkan kayu yang berasal dari sumber resmi dan dari hutan yang dikelola dengan baik. TFT melakukan audit dan pemeriksaan berkala pada hutan yang telah memiliki sertifikat dari TFT dan menjembatani pasokan bahan baku ke pabrik industri kayu. Hampir sama dengan FSC, produsen yang telah menjadi anggota TFT dan membeli bahan baku kayu dari hutan yang telah diaudit oleh TFT bisa menggunakan logo atau label pada produk mereka.

For further information log on website :
http://www.tentangkayu.com/2011/06/sertifikasi-produk-kayu.html

Save Our Natural Ecosystems

Ecocide  - the destruction of natural ecosystems

Ecocide, the extensive destruction of ecosystems, is occurring today. For example:

• Large-scale land use change that causes the direct destruction of habitats – as is the case with deforestation in most tropical rainforests;

• Significant pollution whether deliberate or incidental – such as oil dumping and spills;

• Open cast mining where entire landscapes are removed – as is the case with oil sands and some coal and gold mining.

There is wide scientific agreement that the scale of these changes is not sustainable and that continued interference with the Earth's ecosystems will have significant consequences. Humanity has stepped out of what has been called a ‘safe operating space’ and has exceeded at least three defined planetary boundaries.

The United Nation’s Global Environmental Outlook 5 Report 2012 (GEO-5) summarises the anthropogenic impacts on the Earth System, reiterating that they are unprecedented in human history. We know that we cannot continue to impact ecosystems with impunity forever and for there to be no consequences. The only question that is worth asking is what we will do about it.

If you are facing Ecocide the International Senior Lawyers Project UK may be able to provide you with free advice. Contact the ISLP UK.

The solution: The law of Ecocide

Change on the scale that is necessary to address these immense, globally significant issues will not simply happen spontaneously. Nor will it occur if we rely on weak international agreements or voluntary action alone. What is needed is a change that addresses the core problem. The issue is that the existence of major environmental externalities means that it is more profitable for companies to cause Ecocide than to invest in renewable solutions. However, it does not have to be this way.

In 2010 international barrister and award winning author Polly Higgins proposed to the UN that Ecocide be implemented as the fifth Crime Against Peace.

Ecocide is the extensive damage to, destruction of or loss of ecosystem(s) of a given territory, whether by human agency or by other causes, to such an extent that peaceful enjoyment by the inhabitants of that territory has been or will be severely diminished.

Polly and her legal team are dedicated to ending this era of Ecocide. The law that they advocate will create a new framework within which business and the global economy can operate in harmony with the Earth’s ecosystems, using them as renewable resources that will last forever, rather than commodities to be exploited just once. Progressive business leaders are calling governments to create such a strong legal framework so that they can put in place truly sustainable strategies. Thus the Law of Ecocide has the potential to trigger the transformation to the Green Economy.

The law of Ecocide is part of an emerging body of law called Earth Law; law which puts people and planet first.

For further information log on website:
http://www.save-our-planet.net/save-our-natural-ecosystems.php

Save Our Planet Network

Whether you are a lifetime nature conservationist or new to our cause, we invite you to join our network. We welcome new ideas and value enthusiasm from members and volunteers, new and old. 

About Us

There is general consensus among people and the scientific community that human beings are seriously damaging our planet to the point that all life on Earth is now threatened with extinction through the over-exploitation of the earth's resources, human caused climate change, destruction of habitats, and the pollution of the land, air and waters of our planet.

We are all in this together, whether we like it or not, and we are glad you are visiting our site. This is our on-line meeting place, where we organize our activities, share ideas, and publicize our mission to save our beautiful planet and all its inhabitants from extinction due to global warming and the negative effects of human activities.

You will also be able to formally join us in our quest and take a pledge to modify your lifestyle to help combat the grave threats that face our planet. If you decide to join our cause you will receive our monthly e-magazine Our Fragile Planet which is filled with news items and ideas on how you can contribute to reversing the damage that has been inflicted on our planet 

Join us here

Contact us here. 

Our Work

We work together to make our cause known, to reach out to other groups who share our vision. Whether you’re ready to lend a hand to spread the word or if you have photos or articles to share, please let us know. 

Please note: 

I neither seek nor accept financial contributions towards the work that we do.  This is my personal contribution towards saving our planet by changing the minds of those who visit this website by informing them about what is happening to the Earth's environment and the destruction of its ecosystems. 

Hoping that you will join us in helping to create a rehabilitated healthy planet,

Neville Durow

For further inforation log on website :
http://www.save-our-planet.net/

Characterization by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy of the Phase Composition at Interfaces in Thick Films of Polymer Blends

Journal of Polymers. 2014;2014 DOI 10.1155/2014/541248

Author
Sandro Lattante (Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Universitá del Salento, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy) 

Andrea Perulli (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, Universitá del Salento, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy) 

Marco Anni (Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Universitá del Salento, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy) 

EDITORIAL INFORMATION

Blind peer review

Editorial Board

Instructions for authors

Time From Submission to Publication: 12 weeks

 Abstract | Full Text

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) has been used as a fast, user-friendly, and noninvasive tool for characterizing the phase composition differences at the substrate and air interfaces in thick films of polymer blends. A clearly different phase composition at the blend/glass interface and at the blend/air interface has been detected. We show that PCBM preferentially accumulates at the glass/blend interface, while P3HT preferentially accumulates at the blend/air interface, by comparing the integrated signal intensity of the luminescence coming from both interfaces. Our results demonstrate that CLSM can be used conveniently for the fast identification of a preferential phase segregation at interfaces in polymer blends. This is useful in the research field on devices (like sensors or planar waveguides) that are based on very thick layers (thickness higher than 1 μm).

For further details log on website :

https://doaj.org/article/0405917c6b154120b8e51bc6ae5dbdaa

Structure/Property Relationships of Poly(L-lactic Acid)/Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites

Journal of Polymers. 2013;2013 DOI 10.1155/2013/162603

Author

AUTHORS
Javier Gudiño-Rivera (Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIEP-FCQ, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Dr. Manuel Nava Martínez 6, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico) 

Francisco J. Medellín-Rodríguez (Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIEP-FCQ, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Dr. Manuel Nava Martínez 6, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico) 

Carlos Ávila-Orta (Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, P.O. Box 379, 25100 Saltillo, COAH, Mexico) 

Alma G. Palestino-Escobedo (Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIEP-FCQ, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Dr. Manuel Nava Martínez 6, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico) 

Saúl Sánchez-Valdés (Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, P.O. Box 379, 25100 Saltillo, COAH, Mexico) 

EDITORIAL INFORMATION

Blind peer review

Editorial Board

Instructions for authors

Time From Submission to Publication: 12 weeks

Abstract | Full Text

Biodegradable poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/mesoporous silica nanocomposites were prepared by grafting L-lactic acid oligomer onto silanol groups at the surface of mesoporous silica (SBA-15). The infrared results showed that the lactic acid oligomer was grafted onto the mesoporous silica. Surface characterization of mesoporous silica proved that the grafted oligomer blocked the entry of nitrogen into the mesopores. Thermal analysis measurements showed evidence that, once mixed with PLLA, SBA-15 not only nucleated the PLLA but also increased the total amount of crystallinity. Neat PLLA and its nanocomposites crystallized in the same crystal habit and, as expected, PLLA had a defined periodicity compared with the nanocomposites. This was because the grafted macromolecules on silica tended to cover the lamellar crystalline order. The g-SBA-15 nanoparticles improved the tensile moduli, increasing also the tensile strength of the resultant nanocomposites. Overall, the silica concentration tended to form a brittle material.

For further details log on website :
https://doaj.org/article/027c05e252274190895536b5d798e756

Root Glucosinolate Profiles for Screening of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Genetic Resources

Author

Gibum Yi*†‡, Sooyeon Lim†§, Won Byoung Chae∥, Jeong Eun Park†, Hye Rang Park†, Eun Jin Lee†§, and Jin Hoe Huh*†‡§

†Department of Plant Science, ‡Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, §Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea

∥ Department of Horticultural Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea

J. Agric. Food Chem., 2016, 64 (1), pp 61–70

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04575

Publication Date (Web): December 17, 2015

Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society

*Tel: +82-2-880-4562; fax: +82-2-873-2056; e-mail: gibumyi@gmail.com (G.Y.)., *Tel: +82-2-880-4562; fax: +82-2-873-2056; e-mail: huhjh@snu.ac.kr (J.H.H.).

Abstract

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), a root vegetable, is rich in glucosinolates (GLs), which are beneficial secondary metabolites for human health. To investigate the genetic variations in GL content in radish roots and the relationship with other root phenotypes, we analyzed 71 accessions from 23 different countries for GLs using HPLC. The most abundant GL in radish roots was glucoraphasatin, a GL with four-carbon aliphatic side chain. The content of glucoraphasatin represented at least 84.5% of the total GL content. Indolyl GL represented only 3.1% of the total GL at its maximum. The principal component analysis of GL profiles with various root phenotypes showed that four different genotypes exist in the 71 accessions. Although no strong correlation with GL content and root phenotype was observed, the varied GL content levels demonstrate the genetic diversity of GL content, and the amount that GLs could be potentially improved by breeding in radishes.

For further details logon website :
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04575

Evaluation of Genotypic Variation of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italic) in Response to Selenium Treatment

Author

Silvio J. Ramos†‡§, Youxi Yuan†‡, Valdemar Faquin§, Luiz Roberto G. Guilherme§, and Li Li*†‡

†Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and ‡Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States

§ Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil 37200-000

J. Agric. Food Chem., 2011, 59 (8), pp 3657–3665

DOI: 10.1021/jf104731f

Publication Date (Web): March 18, 2011

Copyright © 2011 American Chemical Society

*Tel: +1-607-255-5708. Fax: +1-607-255-1132. E-mail: ll37@cornell.edu.

Abstract
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italic) fortified with selenium (Se) has been promoted as a functional food. Here, we evaluated 38 broccoli accessions for their capacity to accumulate Se and for their responses to selenate treatment in terms of nutritional qualities and sulfur gene expresion. We found that the total Se content varied with over 2-fold difference among the leaf tissues of broccoli accessions when the plants were treated with 20 μM Na2SeO4. Approximately half of total Se accumulated in leaves was Se-methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine. Transcriptional regulation of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfurylase and selenocysteine Se-methyltransferase gene expression might contribute to the different levels of Se accumulation in broccoli. Total glucosinolate contents were not affected by the concentration of selenate application for the majority of broccoli accessions. Essential micronutrients (i.e., Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) remained unchanged among half of the germplasm. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity was greatly stimulated by selenate in over half of the accessions. The diverse genotypic variation in Se, glucosinolate, and antioxidant contents among accessions provides the opportunity to breed broccoli cultivars that simultaneously accumulate Se and other health benefit compounds.

For further details log on website :
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf104731f

Changes in Nutritional Value and Cytotoxicity of Garden Cress Germinated with Different Selenium Solutions

Author

Juana Frias†, Piotr Gulewicz‡, Cristina Martinez-Villaluenga†, Elena Peñas†, Mariusz K. Piskula§, Halina Kozlowska§, Ewa Ciska§, Krzysztof Gulewicz# and Concepción Vidal-Valverde*†

† Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain

‡ Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, University of Technology and Life Sciences Bydgoszcz, str. Mazowiecka 28, 85-084, Bydgoszcz, Poland

§ Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research (PAN), Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland

# Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (PAN), Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland

J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58 (4), pp 2331–2336

DOI: 10.1021/jf903458u

Publication Date (Web): January 27, 2010

Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society

*Corresponding author (telephone + 34 915622900, ext. 241; fax + 34 915644873; e-mail ificv12@ifi.csic.es).

Abstract
The selenium supply in almost all European countries is below the recommended daily intake, and different strategies are followed to fortify foods. In the present work, the influence of germination of garden cress (Lepidium sativum cv. Ogrodowa) in different selenium solutions (Na2SeO3 and Na2SeO4) on Se uptake, total antioxidant capacity, glucosinolates, protein, and amino acids was studied. Cytotoxicity in HL-60 human leukemic cell line was also assessed. The addition of selenite (Na2SeO3) or selenate (Na2SeO4) led to a significant increment in Se uptake in garden cress sprouts, and the highest Se content was observed at 8 mg/L in both inorganic Se solutions (36−38 μg/g of dm). The Se-enriched sprouts presented a large total antioxidant capacity (142−157 μmol of Trolox/g of dm), total glucosinolate content (99−124 μg/g of dm), protein (36−37% dm), and total essential amino acid content (40−41 g/100 g of protein), and no cytotoxicity on HL-60 human leukemic cells was observed. Garden cress sprouts obtained with selenite solution at 8 mg/L presented the best nutritional qualities and might provide a substantial proportion of Se in European diets. Bearing in mind the high nutritional value of sprouts, these may serve for the production of functional foods.

For further details log on website :
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf903458u

Papaya Seed Represents a Rich Source of Biologically Active Isothiocyanate

Author

Yoshimasa Nakamura,*†Motoko Yoshimoto,†Yoshiyuki Murata,†Yasuaki Shimoishi,†Yumi Asai,‡Eun Young Park,‡Kenji Sato,‡ andYasushi Nakamura‡

Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, and Department of Food Sciences and Nutritional Health, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan

J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55 (11), pp 4407–4413

DOI: 10.1021/jf070159w

Publication Date (Web): May 1, 2007

Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society

Abstract

In the present study, papaya (Carica papaya) seed and edible pulp were carefully separated and then the contents of benzyl isothiocyanate and the corresponding glucosinolate (benzyl glucosinolate, glucotropaeolin) quantified in each part. The papaya seed with myrosinase inactivation contained >1 mmol of benzyl glucosinolate in 100 g of fresh seed. This content is equivalent to that of Karami daikon (the hottest Japanese white radish) or that of cress. The papaya seed extract also showed a very high activity of myrosinase and, without myrosinase inactivation, produced 460 μmol of benzyl isothiocyanate in 100 g of seed. In contrast, papaya pulp contained an undetectable amount of benzyl glucosinolate and showed no significant myrosinase activity. The n-hexane extract of the papaya seed homogenate was highly effective in inhibiting superoxide generation and apoptosis induction in HL-60 cells, the activities of which are comparable to those of authentic benzyl isothiocyanate.

For further details log on website :
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf070159w?src=recsys

Cellulose Microfibril from Banana Peels as a Nanoreinforcing Fillers for Zein Films

Author

Manisara Phiriyawirut, Parichat Maniaw

Affiliation(s)

Department of Tool and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.

DOI: 10.4236/ojpchem.2012.22007 

BSTRACT

Cellulose microfibril (CMF) was the extraction with acid mixture from peel of Musa sapientum Linn type of banana (Kluai Nam Wa). The fibrous-shape of CMF interconnected weblike structure with the average diameter 26 nm were observed by TEM. In order to prepare zein/CMF nanocomposite films, 16% wt zein solution was prepared by dissolved in 80% ethanol aqueous solution which contain glycerol 20% w/w. The suspension of CMF and zein solution was mixed with 0% - 5% weight fractions of solid CMF in zein matrix. The morphology of the zein films is more roughness by increased amount of cellulose microfibrils. It was found that as CMF content increase from 0 to 5% wt results in increasing tensile strength and Young’s modulus of zein nanocomposite films. The highest strength obtains at 4% wt CMF.

KEYWORDS

Zein; Cellulose Microfibril; Nanocomposite; Reinforcement

Cite this paper

M. Phiriyawirut and P. Maniaw, "Cellulose Microfibril from Banana Peels as a Nanoreinforcing Fillers for Zein Films," Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 2 No. 2, 2012, pp. 56-62. doi: 10.4236/ojpchem.2012.22007.

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