Integrated palm oil processing

Published Date

1983-12-01

Authors:

Compere, A.L. ; Googin, J. M. ; Griffith, W.L.

Tree palms are a promising source of fuel extenders and substitutes. They are perennials which bear oil for a period of two to three decades after a roughly four year preliminary growth period. Because palms are an important crop in many areas of Asia, Africa, and South America, considerable attention has been given to palm genetic improvement, with the result that tree palms are one of the most efficient energy crops, providing much better solar energy capture than, for example, sugar cane and cassava. Tree palms are particularly attractive in areas where more conventional farming would pose a significant threat of laterization or cause major ecological problems. Technology for palm oil production, including harvest, tree management, and oil pressing are generally suited to village or plantation use, and, for the most part, have been directed toward supplying process energy through the combustion of process waste products, such as palm fruit residue and palm bunch fibers.

Subject

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY AND ECONOMY; 09 BIOMASS FUELS; OIL PALMS; ENERGY SOURCE DEVELOPMENT; WASTE PRODUCT UTILIZATION; BIOMASS PLANTATIONS; BOTANY; HARVESTING; PRESSING; RESOURCE ASSESSMENT; BIOLOGY; FABRICATION; MATERIALS WORKING; PLANTS; TREES 299003* -- Energy Planning & Policy-- Unconventional Sources & Power Generation-- Other-- (-1989); 090400 -- Solid Waste & Wood Fuels-- (-1989)

For further details log on website :
http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6603175

Palm oil and palm olein frying applications.

Published Date

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14(4):414-9.

Title 
Palm oil and palm olein frying applications.
Author 

Ismail R1.

Abstract

Several million tones of palm oil and palm olein are used annually in the world for frying. This paper will discuss their frying performances in three major applications - industrial production of potato chips/crisps, industrial production of pre-fried frozen French fries and in fast food outlets. In the first study, about four tones of potato chips were continuously fried 8 hours a day and five days a week. The palm olein used (with proper management) performed well and was still in excellent condition and usable at the end of the trial. This was reflected in its low free fatty acid (FFA) content of around 0.23%, peroxide value of 4 meq/kg, anisidine value of 16, low polar and polymer contents of 10% and 2%, respectively, induction period (OSI) of 21 hours and high content of tocopehrols and tocotrienols of 530 ppm even after >1900 hours. In the second study in which an average 12 tones pre-fried frozen French fries were continuously fried a day for 5 days a week, palm oil performed excellently as reflected by its low FFA of 0.34%, food oil sensor reading of 1.1, low polar and polymer contents of 17% and 2.8%, respectively, over the 12 days of trial. In the third study in which palm shortening, palm oil and palm olein were simultaneously used to intermittently fry chicken parts in the laboratory simulating the conditions in fast food outlets, the three frying oils also performed very satisfactorily as reflected by their reasonably low FFA of <1%, smoke points of >180 degrees C, and polar and polymer contents of <25% and <6%, respectively, after 5 days of consecutive frying. All the quality indicators did not exceed the maximum discard points for frying oils/fats in the three applications, while the fried food product was well accepted by the in-house train sensory panel using a-nine point hedonic score.

For further details log on website :
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16326649

CONSERVATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF SUBTROPICAL AND TROPICAL ORNAMENTAL GERMPLASM

Published Date

Project Number: 6631-21000-018-00
Project Type: Appropriated




Start Date: Mar 28, 2008
End Date: Feb 25, 2013

Project

Objective: 

1. Conserving tropical/subtropical ornamental crop genetic resourses and associated information important for the evaluation and utilization of that material. 2. Development and application of new or improved horticultural evaluation procedures and genetic marker-based approaches for genetic diversity assessment of the preceding genetic resourses. 3. Genetic improvement efforts directed to developing new, superior tropical/ subtropical ornamental germplasm. 4. Transfer of technology in the form of tropical/subtropical ormamental crop genetic resourses, associated information, and new, superior tropical/subtropical ornamental germplasm to researchers and breeders worldwide. 5. Evaluate containerized subtropical/tropical ornamental germplasm for its growth responses to different container media components. Where feasible, estimate for this germplasm the heritabilities and other patterns of genetic variation for adaptation/tolerance to the different container media components.

Approach: 

Collect new accessions of subtropical/tropical ornamental plants that have commerical potential in the U.S. Evaluate newly collected accessions and existing material, primarily flowering trees and shrubs already on site, using phenotypic characters and molecular makers. Organize the information such that it can be used as descriptors for inclusion in the GRIN system. Utilize the molecular and phenotypical analysis to breed improved germplasm in support of the ornamental industry. Communicate and coordinate subtropical/tropical ornamental horticultural research with local and regional industry, universites, and foreign germplasm effort in Florida, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii.

For further details log on website :
http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=412984

Evaluation of microbial population dynamics in the co-composting of cow manure and rice straw using high throughput sequencing analysis

Published Date

June 2016, 32:101

First online: 27 April 2016

Title 

Evaluation of microbial population dynamics in the co-composting of cow manure and rice straw using high throughput sequencing analysis

• Author 

• Guangming Ren
• , Xiuhong Xu 
• , Juanjuan Qu
• , Liping Zhu
• , Tingting Wang

• 
  

• Abstract 

• Microbial population dynamics in co-composting of cow manure and rice straw were evaluated using 16S high throughput sequencing technology. Physicochemical factors, including temperature, pH, nitrogen contents, the ratio of carbon and nitrogen, and germination index, were also determined in this study. 16S high throughput sequencing results showed that bacterial community structure and composition significantly varied in each phase of composting. The major phyla included Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes, respectively. Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla in all phases, and Actinobacteria was just dominant in the mesophilic phase, while Firmicutes and Planctomycetes were ubiquitous. At the genus level, Simiduia, Flavobacterium, unclassified Chitinophagaceae and Flexibacter notably changed in each phase of composting. Bacterial community diversity in the mesophilic phase was higher than that in others based on the Shannon–Wiener index and Simpson diversity index. The ratio of carbon and nitrogen and germination index indicated that the co-composting of cow manure and rice straw reached maturation. The result of nitrogen contents showed that nitrogen loss mainly occurred in the thermophilic phase. In addition, the differences in the distributions of key OTUs between in the late thermophilic phase and the cooling and maturation phase were unobvious compared with other phase’s base on the principal component analysis. Redundancy analysis revealed that the changes of nitrogen played a predominant role in the distributions of OTUs during the composting process.

• 
  

• 
  

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For further details log on website :
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11274-016-2059-7