Thermal performance analysis according to wood flooring structure for energy conservation in radiant floor heating systems

Published Date
Energy and Buildings
August 2011, Vol.43(8):2039–2042, doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.04.019

Author 

• Jungki Seo
 
• Jisoo Jeon
 
• Jeong-Hun Lee
 
• Sumin Kim ^,

• Building Environment & Materials Lab, School of Architecture, Soongsil University, Seoul 156743, Republic of Korea

Received 4 February 2011. Revised 8 April 2011. Accepted 23 April 2011. Available online 30 April 2011.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to reduce energy consumption, especially heating, in buildings. Improvements in the thermal conductivity of wood flooring, which was considered to decrease heating between floors and the indoor areas, were investigated. Wood flooring components such as solid-wood, high-density fiberboard (HDF), adhesives and polyethylene generally exhibit low thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity and transfer performance of 21 replicates of wood flooring materials generally used in Korea were measured. The thermal conductivity was measured by using the guarded hot plate method. The thermal conductivities differed according to the structure of the floorings. Laminate wood flooring exhibited the highest thermal conductivity because of its high density and thin layers compared to the other floorings. The thermal transfer performance differed according to the installation method. The floating installation method exhibited a lower thermal transfer speed than the adhesion installation method because of its air layers and polyethylene form.

Keywords

Wood flooring

Under-floor heating system

Thermal conductivity

Latent heat

Energy conservation

Building materials

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  Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 2816 3354; fax: +82 2816 3354.

Crown copyright © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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The effect of temperature on the emission of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from laminate flooring — case study

Published Date
Building and Environment
January 2002, Vol.37(1):41–44, doi:10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00091-3

• Author 

• Renata Wiglusz 
• Elżbieta Sitko
• Grażyna Nikel
• Irena Jarnuszkiewicz
• Barbara Igielska

• Department of Toxicology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, 81-519 Gdynia, 9B Powstania Styczniowego str., Poland

Received 17 April 2000. Revised 12 June 2000. Accepted 10 October 2000. Available online 31 October 2001. 

Abstract

The effect of temperatures of 23, 29, 50°C on formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission from laminate flooring Type A (with particleboard as substrate) and Type B (with high density fibre (HDF)) was examined. At 23 and 29°C the measurements did not show any emissions of formaldehyde and very low emissions of VOCs. At a temperature of 50°C, Type A showed a high initial emission of formaldehyde and VOCs, which decreased with time. The emission from Type B was much lower. In conclusion, some laminate flooring may affect the chemical contamination of indoor air with the use of floor heating.

Keywords

Laminate flooring

Floor heating

VOCs

Emission

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• * 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +48-58-622-3011; fax: +48-58-622-3354

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Colloidal silver solutions with antimicrobial properties

Published Date
Materials Science and Engineering: B
25 August 2008, Vol.152(1):22–27, doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2008.06.021
4th International Workshop on Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies (NN07)

• Author 

• A. Petica ^a,,
• S. Gavriliu ^a
• M. Lungu ^a
• N. Buruntea ^a
• C. Panzaru ^b

• aINCDIE ICPE-Advanced Research, Bucharest, Romania
• bInstitute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iassy, Romania

Available online 11 July 2008.

Abstract

Some colloidal silver solutions involving the electrochemical technique with “sacrificial anode method and different stabilizers and co-stabilizers” have been prepared. A constant current pulse generator with stirrer at different working times has been used. To achieve stable colloidal silver solutions, a mix of different tensioactive agents namely [poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone)], Na-naphthalene sulphonate, Na-lauryl sulfate and Na-dodecyl sulphonate were tested. The effects of these various mixes of polymer and ionic surfactants upon the Ag concentration and UV–vis spectra of silver nanoparticles were determined by spectrophotometer techniques. The nanoparticles sizes have been analyzed through dynamic light scattering technique and the silver nanoparticle morphology has been evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Micobiological analysis has been made by determining minimal inhibitorial concentration upon the following germs: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC) (Gram-positive cocci), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATTC), Escherichia coli (ATCC) and Acinetobacter spp. (Gram-negative coccobacillus). To evaluate the antifungal effect, the antibiogram method involving various tests using a fungi mix of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichoderma species has been used. The presented method allows obtaining of some stable colloidal solutions containing up to 35 ppm of Ag with very good antimicrobial and antifungal properties.

Keywords

Silver colloidal solutions

Stabilization with polymers

Antimicrobial

Antifungal

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• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +40 213468297x129; fax: +40 213468299.
  
  

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Antibacterial melamine resin surfaces for wood-based furniture and flooring

Published Date
Progress in Organic Coatings
July 2009, Vol.65(3):305–313, doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2008.12.003

Review

• Author 

• Andreas Kandelbauer ^a,b,,
• Petri Widsten ^b

• aDepartment of Wood Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Peter Jordan Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
• bWOOD Carinthian Competence Centre (W3C), Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Klagenfurterstrasse 87–89, A-9300 St. Veit an der Glan, Austria

Received 5 May 2008. Accepted 9 December 2008. Available online 20 January 2009. 

Abstract

Melamine resin coatings are commonly used for particleboard and fiberboard products for interior applications such as work surfaces, furniture, and laminated wood flooring. In certain environments such as hospitals and kitchens, high hygienic requirements are set for most surfaces. Despite the comparatively good cleanability of melamine-coated surfaces, there is a need for improving their antimicrobial properties. The present paper discusses the different methods that are currently available or could be suitable for improving the hygienic properties of melamine-coated wood materials.

Keywords

Antibacterial

Antimicrobial

Coating

Hygienic

Laminates

Melamine

Wood

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• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author at: Department of Wood Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Peter Jordan Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43 4212 494 8002.

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Anti-bacterial performance of colloidal silver-treated laminate wood flooring

Published Date
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation
April 2006, Vol.57(3):155–162, doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2006.02.00

Author 

• Sumin Kim 
• Hyun-Joong Kim ^,

• Laboratory of Adhesion & Bio-Composites, Major in Environmental Materials Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea

Received 10 January 2006. Accepted 13 February 2006. Available online 30 March 2006. 

Abstract

In this study both the anti-bacterial properties and strength of cockroach avoidance of laminate wood floorings containing colloidal silver is evaluated. The laminate wood flooring manufactured with the overlay added with resin containing colloidal silver ion showed an antibacterial activity of up to 98.9%. For colloidal silver-treated, laminate wood flooring, the relative avoidance rate was 87±1%. With colloidal silver treatment onto the surface of the laminate wood flooring, using melamine-formaldehyde resin for overlay paper impregnation, laminate wood flooring was developed as an environmentally friendly material for residential application.

Keywords

Laminate wood flooring

Low pressure melamine

Colloidal silver

Anti-bacterial property

Cockroach avoidance

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  Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 2 880 4784; fax: +82 2 873 2318.
  
  

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