Ancient tree guide 7 - trees for the future

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The Woodland Trust	2009	Practical guidance	12

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Ancient trees for the future...

There is a growing imbalance between the loss of mature and ancient, open-crowned trees and the next generation of new trees to replace them. This guide is primarily for landowners and professionals who want to establish trees that can develop full, open crowns and live long enough to become ancient.

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https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/publications/2009/12/ancient-tree-guide-7/

Planting trees to protect water - the role of trees and woods on farms

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The Woodland Trust	2012	Research report	20

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Find out how integrating trees into farming systems can improve water quality and help mitigate flooding, while also supporting production...

Land use has a significant impact on water quality and flooding. Trees and woods on farms have a role to play in managing water quality and quantity through mitigating pollution and safeguarding water resources. Targeted tree planting has been identified as one of the ways to manage water quality and quantity in farming systems.

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https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/publications/2012/08/planting-trees-to-protect-water/

Holding back the waters - woodland creation and flood mitigation

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The Woodland Trust	2014	Policy paper	28

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How can trees and hedges help mitigate floods and aid water management? read our short guide to find out how... 

Trees can provide a sustainable and low maintenance solution to lessening the risk of flooding as well as delivering other environmental and economic benefits. Case studies from Wales provide real life examples to ilustrate how it works.

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https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/publications/2014/01/holding-back-the-waters/

Stemming the flow - the role of trees and woodland in flood protection

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The Woodland Trust	2014	Policy paper	4

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Want to know more on how trees and woodland can help in flood protection? read our guide to find out more...

The importance of natural processes in flood defence is increasingly recognised. When combined with other flood defences, trees provide a sustainable and low maintenance solution to lessening the risk of flooding as well as delivering other environmental and economic benefits. Trees and green space have a place among flood protection measures being considered and delivered by risk management authorities.

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https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/publications/2014/05/stemming-the-flow/

Long term influence on the ecosystem and the run off water from stump harvesting

Author

Head of department: Göran Ericsson +46 (0)90-786 8508
Assistant head of department:  Joakim Hjältén +46 (0)90-786 8400

Postal address: Institutionen för vilt fisk och miljö, SLU, 901 83 Umeå
Visiting address: Skogsmarksgränd, Umeå

• Aim: Determine the long term ecological consequences of stump harvest

Project description: Tree stump biomass is a large potential source for renewable energy. To start stump harvesting, a law demand is that analyses of environmental consequences must be performed. A summary of present knowledge, introduced by STEM, shows that long term, and large scale studies are needed for such an analysis. A possibility for such studies already exists as a consequence of stump harvesting around the Mackmyra area during 1977-89. The harvested area is mapped and the intention of this study is to improve knowledge by comparing environmental parameters in stump harvested areas with areas that are not stump harvested. The BIOCORE involvements consist of a comparision of ground living and wood living beetle communities on harvested and non harvested stands. The new knowledge that this generates can be used for an analysis of the environmental implications of stump harvest and for designing compensatore measures.

Hosting forest company: Bergvik.
Financing: Swedish energy agency.

For further details log on website :
http://www.slu.se/en/departments/wildlife-fish-environmental-studies/research/research-areas/forest-biocore/long-term-influence/

A quantitative estimation of the importance of short stumps for saproxylic organisms

Author

Head of department: Göran Ericsson +46 (0)90-786 8508
Assistant head of department:  Joakim Hjältén +46 (0)90-786 8400

Postal address: Institutionen för vilt fisk och miljö, SLU, 901 83 Umeå
Visiting address: Skogsmarksgränd, Umeå

• Aim: Determine the short term ecological consequences of stump harvest and the potential for compensatory measures.

Project description: There are plans in Sweden to harvest the remaining short stumps on clear-felled areas to substitute fossile fuels. This research project treats the effects this may have on biodiversity in boreal forests. We take advantage of an already established long-term dead-wood experiment. We want to determine: 1) how large part of the wood-inhabiting species pool of clear-cuts and their reproduction that is found in short stumps; 2) the function of stumps in creating micro-topographic refugia for forest species intolerant to clear-cuts;  3) if these functions varies spatially in the landscape; 4) if compensation measures are necessary and what their magnitude should be. The results are important to make stump harvest acceptable from a conservation point of view.

Hosting forest companies: Holmen, SCA, Sveaskog.
Funding: Swedish energy agency.

Publications
Hjältén, J., Stenbacka, F, Andersson J. 2010. Saproxylic beetle assemblages on low-stumps, high-stumps and logs: implications for environmental effects of stump harvest. Forest Ecology and Management, 260, 1149-1155.

For further details log on website :
http://www.slu.se/en/departments/wildlife-fish-environmental-studies/research/research-areas/forest-biocore/a-quantitative-estimation/

Future forest: Restoration strategies for the future: a test of different strategies at stand and substrate level in forest set-asides.

Author

Head of department: Göran Ericsson +46 (0)90-786 8508
Assistant head of department:  Joakim Hjältén +46 (0)90-786 8400

Postal address: Institutionen för vilt fisk och miljö, SLU, 901 83 Umeå
Visiting address: Skogsmarksgränd, Umeå

• Aim: Evaluate the conservation value and cost efficiency of different restoration methods (burning and gap cutting) for set-asides.

Project description: We will evaluate how two restoration methods, burning and gap cutting  (that are currently developed and used in Swedish forestry) influence a variety of organism groups (e.g. mammals, insects, fungi, lichens, mosses and vascular plants) and thus also test their suitability for different groups of organisms. In addition, we will determine how saproxylic organisms respond to different types of dead wood produced for restoration purposes. The experiment set up includes 30 well-separated mixed pine/spruce dominated set-asides (size 5-15 ha) in  the counties of  Västernorrland and Västerbotten, making the experiment uniquely well-replicated. In each landscape, one set-aside will be subjected to prescribed burning after ca 30% of the trees have been cut and removed. One locality will be subjected to selective cutting, mimicking gap dynamics, creating small clearings, 20 m in diameter, around aspen stands and other deciduous trees. The third set-aside will serve as an untreated control.

Hosting forest company: Holmen.
Funding: FF, Kempe foundation, Formas, Lilla fonden.

For further details log on website :
http://www.slu.se/en/departments/wildlife-fish-environmental-studies/research/research-areas/forest-biocore/future-forest-restoration/

Future forests: Effects of intensified forestry on assemblage composition and biodiversity in boreal forest landscapes

Author

Head of department: Göran Ericsson +46 (0)90-786 8508
Assistant head of department:  Joakim Hjältén +46 (0)90-786 8400

Postal address: Institutionen för vilt fisk och miljö, SLU, 901 83 Umeå
Visiting address: Skogsmarksgränd, Umeå

• Evaluate the ecological effect of intensified forestry on terrestrial communities.

Project description:

 Intensified forestry can potentially increase the production of bio fuel and decrease oil dependence. However, knowledge on the effects of intensified forestry on ecosystems and biodiversity is still lacking. The aim with this project is to evaluate the effects of intensified forestry on vegetation, insects, small rodents and birds. We will use a unique, large scale field experiment where intensified forestry will be tested in a 2000 ha landscape. The project will generate empiric knowledge on the ecological effects of intensified forestry on a wide range of taxa. The results will be used for evaluation of environmental impact (miljöanalys) and for better trade-offs between production and environmental goals.

Hosting forest company: Sveaskog.
Funding: Future forest, Swedish Energy Agency, Vinnova.

For further details log on website :
http://www.slu.se/en/departments/wildlife-fish-environmental-studies/research/research-areas/forest-biocore/future-forests-effects/

Diversity complex of plant species spread in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Published Date
Received: 12 July 2016   Accepted: 15 October 2016  Published: 31 December 2016 

Vol.8(12), pp. 334-350 , December 2016
DOI: 10.5897/IJBC2016.1016  
ISSN: 2141-243X 

Author
Kwon-Ndung, E. H.

Akomolafe, G. F.

Goler, E. E.

Terna, T. P.

Ittah, M.A.

Umar, I.D., 

Okogbaa, J. I.

Waya, J. I. 

Markus, M.

Abstract

This research was carried out to assess the plant species diversity in Nasarawa State, Nigeria with a view to obtain an accurate database and inventory of the naturally occurring plant species in the state for reference and research purposes. This preliminary report covers a total of nine local government areas in the state. The work involved intensive survey and visits to the sample sites for this exercise. The diversity status of each plant and the distribution across the state were also determined using standard method. A total of number of 244 plant species belonging to 57 plant families were identified out of which the families, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae and Papilionaceae were the most highly distributed across the entire study area. There was great extent of diversity in the distribution of plants across all the areas sampled with the highest in Wamba LGA. The most predominant food crop across the state was Sorgum spp. followed by Sesame indica and then Zea mays. The total percentage occurrence of herbs, shrubs and trees in the study area are 31.19, 16.29 and 47.91%, respectively. This preliminary work has provided a baseline data and reference point for future taxonomical stratagem in Nasarawa State.

References

Abu GA, Ater PI, Abah D (2012). Profit Efficiency among Sesame Farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Curr. Res. J. Soc. Sci. 4(4):261-268.
Akinnibosun HA, Omatsola ME (2011). Baseline studies of the floral biodiversity of a proposed crude oil exploration field in Edo State, Nigeria. Sci. World J. 6(1):1
Aliyu A, Modibbo MA, Medugu NI, Ayo O (2013). Impacts of deforestation on socio-economic development of Akwanga Nasarawa State. Int. J. Sci. Environ. Technol. 3(2):403-416.
Bongers F, Popma J, Meave del Castillo J, Carabias J (1988). Structure and floristic composition of the lowland rainforest of Los Tuxtlos, Mexico. Vegetatio 74:55-80. Crossref
Borokini TI, Okere AU, Giwa AO, Daramola BO, Odofin WT (2010). Biodiversity and conservation of plant genetic resources in Field Genebank of the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Ibadan, Nigeria. Int. J. Biodivers. Conserv. 2(3):037-050.
Eneobong EE (1997). Biotechnological techniques for the conservation and use of plant genetic resources. In E.E Eneobong (ed.) Biological Conservation for sustainable agricultural production, Federal University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria pp.72-75.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2005). State of the World's Forests 2005. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) (1992). Federal Environmental Protection Agency. Biological Diversity in Nigeria, ACountry Study 1991-1992.
Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), (2003). National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan.
Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) (2006). Draft Report. National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment for Environmental Management. Federal Ministry of Environment.
Iment N, Adebobola N (2001). The effects of poverty in conservation of Biodiversity: The Nigeria Experience.
Kayode J (1999). Phytosociological investigation of compositae weeds in abandoned farmlands in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Compositae Newsletter 34:62-68.
Kayode J, Ibitoye OA, Olufayo O (1997). Private participation in taungya agroforestry in Ondo-Ekiti Region: Problems and prospects. Int. J. Urban Reg. Affairs 1(1):54-57.
Kutama AS, Dangora II, Aisha W, Auyo MI, Sharif U, Umma M, Hassan KY (2015). An overview of plant resources nd their economic uses in Nigeria. Global Adv. Res. J. Agr. Sci. 4(2):042-067.
Lipp FJ (1989). Methods of Ethno-pharmacological field work. J. Ethno-pharmacol. 25, 139-150. Crossref
National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (2007). 2006 Population Census. Available at www.nigerianstat.gov.ng
National Population Commission, Nigeria, (NPC) (2006). Census Report.
Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency (NNMDA) (2006). Medicinal Plants of Nigeria; North Central Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, vol. 1
Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency (NNMDA) (2008). Biodiversity of the Sukur World heritage site, Adamawa State, North East Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Science and Technology.
Nyagba JL (1995). The Geography of Benue State. In: Denga Dl ed. Benue State: The Land of Great Potentials. Calabar: Rapid Educational Publishers pp.84-97.
Uyoh EA, Nkang AE, Eneobong EE (2003). Biotechnology, genetic conservation and sustainable use of bioresources. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2(12):704-709. Crossref

For further details log on website :
http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/IJBC/article-abstract/ACDA83761991