aLouisiana Forest Products Development Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
bDepartment of Forest Products, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-9820, United States
Received 19 September 2007. Revised 7 December 2007. Accepted 7 December 2007. Available online 4 March 2008.
Abstract
Inorganic borates offer good protection to timber in most non-ground contact applications. The effective use of low solubility borates has not yet been achieved in the treatment of solid lumber. Interest in reducing the leaching of borates stems from their favorable environmental characteristics and broad spectrum efficacy. The key to extending the use of borates to cover the entire spectrum of wood preservation is improving their permanence in wood while retaining efficacy by retaining limited mobility of the borate. We review research over the last two decades in laboratories around the world and classify all strategies employed into fifteen categories. For each strategy, resistance of the treated wood to wood destroying organisms, resistance to leaching, and potential applications are discussed.
January 2014, Vol.86:92–95, doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.09.009
2nd International Conference on Biodeterioration of Wood and Wood Products, Tartu, Estonia
Title
Preliminary data on cellulase encoding genes in the xylophagous beetle, Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus)
Author
Matteo Busconi a
Alessia Berzolla b,
Elisabetta Chiappini b,
aIstituto di Agronomia, genetica e coltivazioni erbacee, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
bCentro per la Protezione dei Beni Culturali dagli organismi dannosi, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
Received 3 April 2013. Revised 11 September 2013. Accepted 18 September 2013. Available online 7 November 2013.
Highlights
•
Cerambycidae cellulose digestion.
•
Presence of endogenous endoglucanase genes in Hylotrupess bajulus larvae.
•
Cellulase activity and nature.
Abstract
Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), a wood-boring beetle attacking softwood, utilises both wood starch and cellulose as food. The fibre is digested in variable percentages, depending on the starch content. A role for symbiotic bacteria was presumed as well as the presence of endogenous cellulases. The aim of our investigation was to verify the presence of endogenous endoglucanase genes in H. bajulus larvae. After performing an online search, three sequences for the endoglucanases of the class GHF5 and four for the endoglucanases of the class GHF45 were recovered and aligned in order to develop some primers on the most conserved regions and try the amplification of the genes in H. bajulus. Seven degenerated primers for GHF5 endoglucanase and five for GHF45 endoglucanase were tested. By using two different primer combinations we obtained two fragments: both of them showed homology with significant identity with insect endoglucanases of the GHF45 family available online, and one also with microbial cellulases. The first fragment is undoubtedly of endogenous origin while we cannot exclude that the second one is of microbial origin. No results were obtained for the endoglucanase of the class GHF5.
January 2014, Vol.86:189–195, doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.08.024
Title
Wood penetration ability of hydrogen cyanide and its efficacy for fumigation of Anoplophora glabripennis, Hylotrupes bajulus (Coleoptera), and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda)
Author
V. Stejskal a,,
O. Douda a
M. Zouhar b
M. Manasova b
M. Dlouhy c
J. Simbera c
R. Aulicky a
aCrop Research Institute Prague, Division of Plant Health, Drnovska 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
bCzech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Plant Protection, Czech Republic
Received 13 May 2013. Revised 12 July 2013. Accepted 20 August 2013. Available online 12 November 2013.
Highlights
•
We proved efficacy of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) for controlling B. xylophilus, H. bajulus & A. glabripennis.
•
We assessed the rate of penetration of HCN into spruce blocks.
•
HCN is a promising fumigation alternative to methyl bromide.
Abstract
Pinewood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and Asian longhorned beetles (Anoplophora glabripennis) are the primary regulated pests for packaging wood and timber in the EU, while the house longhorned beetle (Hylotrupes bajulus) is the most important cosmopolitan pest of construction wood. Gaseous hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is one of the few fumigation alternatives to the banned ozone-depleting chemical methyl bromide (MBr). This study reports the results of HCN fumigation experiments in a hermetically sealed steel chamber regarding (1) the penetration and absorption rates of HCN in wooden blocks, and (2) the biological efficacy of HCN against the wood-infesting pests B. xylophilus (in sawdust), A. glabripennis, and H. bajulus (in wooden blocks). A concentration equilibrium for HCN (at 20 g m−3) between the fumigation chamber headspace and the center of the treated spruce blocks (100 × 100 × 120 mm) was reached after 48 h in the saturated atmosphere. A dose of 10 g m−3 in the center of the spruce blocks was reached for both saturated and non-saturated atmospheres after 24 h of fumigation. The wood tested absorbed approximately 40–45% of the HCN, until equilibrium was reached. The highest tested HCN dose (20 g m−3) led to 100% mortality of the A. glabripennis and H. bajuluslarvae after less than 1 h of exposure. For 20 g m−3 and 1 h exposure the Ct product was <18.66 g*h/m3 for H. bajulus and <17.67 g*h/m3 for A. glabripennis. Hydrogen cyanide doses of 10 g m−3 and 20 g m−3 led to 100% B. xylophilus mortality in 40 and 18 h, respectively. For B. xylophilus the Ct product was <424.00 g*h/m3 for 20 °C and 10 g m−3 and <349.51 g*h/m3 for 25 °C and 20 g m−3. The initial results are promising in terms of establishing an alternative technology and protocol to MBr for timber fumigation.
Author Ruben Javier Mur, Renan Goetz, Angels Xabadia, Francesc Córdoba and Carles Gracia Journal of Forest Economics, 2014, vol. 20, issue 3, pages 286-304 Abstract: Predicted increases in CO2 concentrations will affect forest ecosystems. In particular, they will impact tree growth, which in turn affects reproduction and mortality and consequently, forest planning. This study integrates different climate change scenarios of future biogeochemical processes and an economic model into a forest management model to determine the optimal selective-logging regime of Scots pine stands. It analyzes the economic implications of the management changes in comparison with the business as usual strategy. Adaption to new climatic conditions shows that it is optimal to increase the number of standing trees and to reduce the age of the logged trees. The results suggest that the failure to adapt the management regime has clear implications on the profitability of forests. Moreover, they show that higher mortality is likely to have a significant impact on the optimal forest management regime. Keywords:Climate change; Forest management; Size-distributed stand; Dynamic optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers) JEL-codes:Q23Q54C61 (search for similar items in EconPapers) Date: 2014 References:View references in EconPapersView complete reference list from CitEc CitationsTrack citations by RSS feed Downloads: (external link) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1104689914000312 Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only Related works: This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title. Export reference:BibTeXRIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link:http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:foreco:v:20:y:2014:i:3:p:286-304 Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/701775/bibliographic http://www.elsevier. ... 701775/bibliographic Access Statistics for this article Journal of Forest Economics is currently edited by P. Gong and R. Brännlund More articles in Journal of Forest Economics from Elsevier Series data maintained by Shamier, Wendy (repec@elsevier.com).
Author Yi Xie, Peichen Gong, Xiao Han and Yali Wen Journal of Forest Economics, 2014, vol. 20, issue 2, pages 126-140 Abstract: China implemented a new round of collective forestland tenure reform during 2003–2013. In this reform, forestland owned by villages or township collective organizations were divided into a great number of small plots and allocated to member households of the collectives. A widespread concern about the reform is that parcelization of forestland might limit farmers’ incentives to invest in forest management. This paper examines the factors affecting farmers’ investment in forest management using household data collected in four provinces in 2010. The results show that the intensity of a household's investment in forest management is negatively affected by its nonfarm income and the average size of forest plots, but positively affected by the easiness in obtaining loan and the technical assistance the household receives. We argue that the counterintuitive effect of nonfarm income on investment intensity is due to the increasing marginal cost of own labor input. The effects of forest plot size and easiness in obtaining loan suggest that households have limited amount of capital to invest in forest management. Because of this constraint, parcelization of forestland resulted from the recent reform has not yet caused any reduction of the intensity of investment in forest management. Keywords:Land tenure reform; Collective forest; Forest management; Forest policy; Double hurdle model (search for similar items in EconPapers) JEL-codes:Q23N50 (search for similar items in EconPapers) Date: 2014 References:Add references at CitEc CitationsView citations in EconPapers (2) Track citations by RSS feed Downloads: (external link) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1104689914000142 Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only Related works: This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title. Export reference:BibTeXRIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link:http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:foreco:v:20:y:2014:i:2:p:126-140 Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/701775/bibliographic http://www.elsevier. ... 701775/bibliographic Access Statistics for this article Journal of Forest Economics is currently edited by P. Gong and R. Brännlund More articles in Journal of Forest Economics from Elsevier Series data maintained by Shamier, Wendy (repec@elsevier.com).
