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Impacts of Wood Poaching on Vegetation Structure and Composition in Mukuvisi Woodland, Zimbabwe

Published Date

DOI: 10.4236/jep.2014.52019
Author(s)    
Never Muboko, Tapiwa Chigumira, Clayton Mashapa, Edson Gandiwa, Gladman Chibememe, Victor K. Muposhi
Department of Wildlife and Safari Management, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe.
Department of Wildlife and Safari Management, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe.
Tropical Resource Ecology Programme, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Department of Wildlife and Safari Management, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe.
Department of Wildlife and Safari Management, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe.
Our study focused on the effects of wood poaching on the vegetation structure and composition in Mukuvisi Woodland, Zimbabwe. Mukuvisi Woodland, located within the precincts of Harare urban area, Zimbabwe, suffersfrom high illegal wood utilization pressure stemming from the need to fulfill alternative energy demands created by persistent electricity shortages and an unstable economic environment, particularly between 2000 and 2008. This results in a continuous flux of vegetation and a disturbed animal habitat driven mainly by anthropogenic activities. Due to the heterogeneity in vegetation utilisation trends, we used the stratified systematic random sampling technique, where the site was divided into two strata, central and boundary. Twelve 30 × 20 m permanent plots were established in which species name, species diversity, height, basal area, plant status, fire evidence, number of stems and saplings were recorded and assessed in April and May 2012. A total of 968 woody plants were assessed representing 47 woody plant species. All woody vegetation variables recorded and assessed showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two strata, i.e., central and boundary, in Mukuvisi Woodland, except sapling density (P = 0.022). Principal Component Analysis indicated evidence of fire impacts on vegetation structure. The study concludes that illegal wood harvesting in Mukuvisi Woodland has not yet reached alarming proportions and can be contained. The study recommends collaborative arrangements with key stakeholders, promotion of the use of alternative energy sources and increased environmental education and awareness campaigns.
Cite this paper
N. Muboko, T. Chigumira, C. Mashapa, E. Gandiwa, G. Chibememe and V. Muposhi, "Impacts of Wood Poaching on Vegetation Structure and Composition in Mukuvisi Woodland, Zimbabwe," Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 5 No. 2, 2014, pp. 156-163. doi: 10.4236/jep.2014.52019.



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Bioadsorption of Cd (II) from Contaminated Water on Treated Sawdust: Adsorption Mechanism and Optimization

Published Date

DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2013.51010
Author(s)  
Ali Hashem, E. Adam, H. A. Hussein, M. A. Sanousy, A. Ayoub
Faculty of Science and Arts at Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra, KSA.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya.
Sawdust (SD) a very low cost material has been utilized as adsorbent material for the removal of Cd (II) from aqueous solutions after treatment with mono methylol urea (MMU) in the presence of zinc chloride as a catalyst to form MMU-SD. The reaction of MMU-SD was carried out under different conditions including MMU/SD molar ratio, catalyst concentration, and reaction time and temperature. Adsorption studies have been carried out to determine the effect of agitation time, pH, adsorbent and adsorbate concentrations on the adsorption capacity of Cd (II) ions onto MMU-SD. Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models were applied in the adsorption studies. The experimental data were analyzed using various sorption kinetic models. The removal processes of Cd (II) onto MMU-SD particles could be well described by the pseudo-second order model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(II) onto MMU-SD was 909 mg/g. Similarly, the Freundlich constant 1/n value was 0.45.
Cite this paper
A. Hashem, E. Adam, H. Hussein, M. Sanousy and A. Ayoub, "Bioadsorption of Cd (II) from Contaminated Water on Treated Sawdust: Adsorption Mechanism and Optimization," Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol. 5 No. 1, 2013, pp. 82-90. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2013.51010.



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Optimization of the Implementation Process and Physical Properties of Cotton ( Gossipium hirsutum ) and Kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Wooden Chipboard

Published Date

DOI: 10.4236/eng.2015.712070
Author(s)    
Sagnaba Soulama1*, Kokou Esso Atcholi2, Bétaboalé Naon1, Komi Kadja3, Komla Sanda3
1Study and Research Group in Mechanics, Energetics and Industrial Technics (SRGME&IT) Laboratory, Polytechnic University of Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
2Research Institute on Transport, Energy and Society, IRTES-M3M Laboratories Technology University of Belfort-Montbéliard (UTBM), Belfort Cedex, France.
3Research Unit on Agro Materials and the Well-Being of the Environment (RUAMWE), University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.
The present study aims at valorizing two residues types of the foodless vegetable biomass which are abundant and very pollutant in Burkina Faso. To do it, first we try to identify the optimal values of chipboard elaboration parameters with kenaf and cotton stems by using a natural binder (the bone glue). Next we proceed to the elaboration of two panels types with optimized elaboration parameters. Besides we determine mechanical and thermal characteristics of elaborated panels with a view of an indoor thermal insulation application. Also it becomes necessary for us to determine by experimenting the thermal conductivity, Young’s modulus, Coulomb’s modulus, and the water inflation rate, taking into account some elaboration parameters on one hand and the correlation between mechanical and thermal properties on the other hand. Finally, the obtained results are compared with the panels properties values required by ANSI A 208.1-1999 standard.
KEYWORDS
Chipboard, Cotton Wood, Kenaf Wood, Bone Glue, Mechanical Properties
Cite this paper
Soulama, S. , Atcholi, K. , Naon, B. , Kadja, K. and Sanda, K. (2015) Optimization of the Implementation Process and Physical Properties of Cotton ( Gossipium hirsutum ) and Kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Wooden Chipboard. Engineering, 7, 803-815. doi: 10.4236/eng.2015.712070.


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The Use of Agricultural Waste to Increase the Production Ligninolytic Enzyme by Fungus Polyporus sp.

Published Date

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1100642
Author(s)   
I Nyoman Sukarta1, I Dewa Ketut Sastrawidana2
1Department of Analysis Chemistry, Ganesha University of Education, Bali, Indonesia.
2Department of Chemistry Education, Ganesha University of Education, Bali, Indonesia.
This research was aimed at enhancing the production of ligninolytic enzymes produced by fungus Polyporus sp. isolated from Buleleng as a means to treat the textile waste water. The optimum enzyme production was carried out by adding agricultural waste such as banana skin, straw, and sawdust. The research was completed in several stages including i) growing the fungus Polyporus sp. in PDA media, ii) enzymes production, iii) enzyme activity tests, and iv) decomposition analysis of textile waste water in several enzyme concentrations and in various incubation time lengths. The results showed that the optimum activities of laccase, MnP, and LiP enzymes that were produced without the addition of any agricultural waste were 20.5, 25.7, and 75.4 μmol/mL·minute. On the other hand, the enzymes activities on the addition of banana skins were 139.0, 116.0, and 654.0 μmol/mL·minute, on the addition of sawdust were 194.4, 41.0, and 259.0, and on the addition of straw were 148.2, 131.0, and 392.0 μmol/mL·minute, respectively. The efficiency of the degradation of 25 mL of remazol black B and remazol red RB (100 mg/L) by using 6 mL ligninolytic enzyme during the six-hour incubation was 53% - 58% and 55.4% - 69.3%, respectively.
Cite this paper
Sukarta, I. and Sastrawidana, I. (2014) The Use of Agricultural Waste to Increase the Production Ligninolytic Enzyme by Fungus Polyporus sp.. Open Access Library Journal, 1, 1-7. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1100642.


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Thermodynamics and Adsorption Efficiencies of Maize Cob and Sawdust for the Remediation of Toxic Metals from Wastewater

Published Date

DOI: 10.4236/gep.2013.12004
Author(s)    
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
The thermodynamics and sorption efficiencies for the remediation of Cr, Ni and Cd from their aqueous solutions using Maize Cob (MC) and Sawdust (SD) in a batch system are reported. Efficiencies were judged based on parameters such as sorbent weight, initial adsorbate loading concentration, pH and surface area. Shimadzu AA650 Double Beam Atomic Absorption/Flame spectrophotometer was employed to study concentration differences before and after the adsorption process. Parameters such as Î”H, Î”S and Î”G were determined. On MC, Î”H varied as 1466.59, 1271.21 and 1347.70kJmol-1 for Cr, Ni and Cd respectively. While on SD it varied as -566.85, 256.32 and 888.77kJmol-1respectively for the same order of metal ions. The three ions were found to be chemisorbed onto MC, while on SD Cr and Ni were physisorbed and Cd remains chemisorbed as suggested by Freundlich isotherm.
Cite this paper
B. Ibrahim, M. (2013) Thermodynamics and Adsorption Efficiencies of Maize Cob and Sawdust for the Remediation of Toxic Metals from Wastewater. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 1, 18-21. doi: 10.4236/gep.2013.12004.

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