Growth recovery of young hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) subsequent to late weeding

Published Date
December 2014, Volume 19, Issue 6, pp 514–522

Original Article

First Online: 

24 May 2014

DOI: 10.1007/s10310-014-0450-5

Cite this article as: 

Hirata, R., Ito, S., Araki, M.G. et al. J For Res (2014) 19: 514. doi:10.1007/s10310-014-0450-5

Author

• Ryoko Hirata
• Satoshi ItoEmail author
• Masatake G. Araki
• Yasushi Mitsuda
• Masahiro Takagi

Abstract

The effects of late weeding treatment on the growth of young hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) during the sixth growing season after planting were examined. Furthermore, the contribution toward hinoki growth recovery of crown productivity (NAR) and biomass allocation to crown (CAR) were determined. In the late weeding plot, no decline in height growth was observed subsequent to weeding, and growth in diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown projection area (CPA) began to recover subsequent to weeding; however, DBH and CPA were reduced and experienced a 1- to 1.5-year growth delay compared to values associated with the weeding plot at the end of the second year subsequent to weeding. Relative growth rate (RGR) and NAR in the late weeding plot recovered and possessed similar values to those of the weeding plot in the second year subsequent to weeding. CAR values of the late weeding plot were similar to those of the weeding plot both before and after weeding. These results suggested that the recovery of NAR rather than that of CAR was primarily responsible for the recovery of RGR. The present study demonstrated that hinoki were able to quickly acclimate to an environment dramatically altered by late weeding and recover growth rate within a short period of time. The present study also showed that delays in crown expansion associated with late weeding may have impeded subsequent matter production. Therefore, it was concluded that late weeding treatments should be employed only when the associated delays in growth are taken into account.

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Functions of Chisan dams in large-scale granular mass-flow experiments on Sakurajima volcano pumiceous clasts

Published Date
December 2014, Volume 19, Issue 6, pp 493–500

Original Article

First Online: 

06 May 2014

DOI: 10.1007/s10310-014

Cite this article as: 

Okada, Y. J For Res (2014) 19: 493. doi:10.1007/s10310-014-0443-4

Author

• Yasuhiko OkadaEmail author

Abstract

We investigated the fundamental behaviour of Chisan (check) dams in response to the presence or absence of impounded sediment with different levels of saturation. Large-scale model flume experiments were conducted by use of a model Chisan dam that had been backfilled with pumiceous clasts taken from the Sakurajima volcano in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan. In these experiments, the miniature dam was situated midway down the flume under different backfill sediment conditions and the basal pore-fluid pressure, normal flow depth, and impact load of the granular mass were carefully monitored. Saturated sediment with a volume of 0.6 m3 was released along the slope of the flume segment at 30° and excess pore-fluid pressure was generated, corresponding to a sediment velocity of approximately 4.8 m s−1. Direct collision of the sediment with the Chisan dam meant the peak impact loads of granular mass against the back surface of the dam exceeded 157 N in experiments without backfill sediment but were as low as 32.1 N in experiments with sediment. Accordingly, placing the backfill sediment substantially reduced peak impact loads. The sediment captured by the Chisan dams was also calculated. For experiments using saturated backfill sediment, the dam captured only 35 % of the material, indicating that most of the granular mass passed over the dam. However, in experiments without backfill sediment or with unsaturated backfill sediment, over 90 % was captured. Although Chisan dams with unsaturated backfill sediment lacked pocket space, almost equivalent granular masses were trapped in these experiments. On the basis of these results, we suggest that Chisan dams with unsaturated backfill sediment could effectively counter debris flow, reducing sediment loads along the streams draining Sakurajima volcano.

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Effects of mating on the termination of aggregation by the oak borer, Platypus quercivorus (Murayama) (Curculionidae: Platypodinae) during host colonization

Published Date
December 2014, Volume 19, Issue 6, pp 523–528

Original Article

First Online: 

09 May 2014

DOI: 10.1007/s10310-014-0446-1

Cite this article as: 

Ueda, A. & Kobayashi, M. J For Res (2014) 19: 523. doi:10.1007/s10310-014-0446-1

Author

• Akira UedaEmail author
• Masahide Kobayashi

Abstract

We conducted a field experiment to determine whether logs bored by male Platypus quercivorus beetle were less attractive to conspecifics after beetles had mated. Bored (with male beetles) and unbored logs were placed in a beetle-infested forest and enclosed within a cage. For half of the bored logs, female beetles were released to mate with the male beetles. Log attractiveness was determined by assessing the number of beetles captured on adhesive paper placed on each cage enclosing the log. On the logs on which female beetles were released, the number of beetles captured decreased distinctly after release, and did not differ from the number captured on the unbored logs. In contrast, the number of beetles captured on logs with only unpaired males was higher than the number captured on the unbored logs. This result confirms that the attractiveness of logs bored by male P. quercivorus beetles declines after mating occurs. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence for the relaxation of aggregation pheromone following mating for beetles in the subfamily Platypodinae.

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