SOME PROBLEMS IN MAINTAINING SUSTAINABILITY OF INDONESIA'S FORESTS: DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Author

Cecep Handoko

Abstract

Indonesia's forests have economic, social, and environmental benefits. Some national efforts, as well as support from the global community for sustaining forest development in Indonesia have been done. However, some problems were still reported during the implementation of the forest development. Thorough analysis was needed to formulate the root of the problems, and to identify solutions/supports to the current forest development to achieve its sustainability. Descriptive analysis was used in this study. The results indicated that sustainable forest development in Indonesia was still faced with the problems of uncertainty of management, insufficient management capacity, and lack of law enforcement. These conditions were indicated by high conflict of interests as well as lack of support from stakeholders, not enough forest management actions at site-level, and high forest degradation. Aiming at overcoming problems of sustainable forest development and maintaining sustainability of Indonesia's forest, national forest management needs to embrace more space for communication, openness, mutual learning, collaboration in addressing forest conflicts, and determining the future direction of its sustainability goal of management.

Keywords

Indonesia; forest; sustainable development; descriptive analysis; conflict

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References

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2014.1.1.33-46

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DECOLORIZATION OF AZO DYES AND MINERALIZATION OF PHENANTHRENE BY TRAMETES SP. AS03 ISOLATED FROM INDONESIAN MANGROVE FOREST

Author

Asep Hidayat, Sanro Tachibana

Abstract

Textile industry contributes the most disposals of synthetic dyes, and about 40% of textile dyes has been generating high amount of colored wastewater. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as phenanthrene, is a group of organic compounds, that structurally comprised of two or more benzene rings, which persist in air, water, and soil. The organic pollutants of dyes and PAHs have adversely effects the food chain and are potentially toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic to the environment. The objective of this research is to screen and investigate the potential fungus from mangrove forest to degrade azo dyes and phenanthrene.  In this study, fungi were collected from mangrove forest in Riau Province – Sumatra – Indonesia. Previously, Trametes sp. AS03 is one of the fungi isolated from mangrove forest in Riau Province, that was able to decolorize Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR). The capability of Trametes sp. AS03 to decolorize four azo dyes, Remazol B. Violet (V5), Levafix Orange E3GA (Or64), Levafix B. Red E-6BA (R159), and Sumifix S. Scarlet 2GF (R222), were further evaluated. The result shows that Trametes sp. AS03 decolorized 91, 60, 48, and 31 of V5, R222, R159, and Or64, respectively. By showing its capability to decolorize some of the dyes, Trametes sp. AS03 was used to break down phenanthrene. AS03 degraded more than 70% of phenanthrene in 15 days.

Keywords

Trametes sp. AS03; dyes; phenanthrene; biodegradation; decolorization

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2014.1.1.67-75

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DEVELOPING SITE-SPECIFIC ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS ESTIMATION IN PEAT SWAMP FORESTS OF ROKAN HILIR DISTRICT, RIAU PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Author

Nunung Puji Nugroho

Abstract

In forest biomass assessment studies, the selection or development of reliable allometric biomass equations is an essential step which determines largely the accuracy of the resulted biomass estimates. Unfortunately, only few studies on allometric biomass equations have been conducted for peat swamp forests and the results are usually not publicly accessible or well documented. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop site-specific allometric equations for above-ground biomass (AGB) estimations in tropical peat swamp forests in Indonesia. These equations were developed based on 51 destructively sampled trees. The results indicated that the developed site-specific allometric equations have coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 95%. The R2 values ranged from 97.0% to 98.7%, where the lowest R2 value resulted from the simplest model which used only DBH as a predictor. Model 5, which used DBH, H and ρ as predictive variables, provided best performance when estimating the AGB of the study area. Hence, as long as reliable data are available as input, Model 5 is recommended. The accuracy and applicability of the allometric equations for peat swamp forests could be improved further by adding more sampled trees from different tree species and/or with a wider DBH range. Considering the importance of wood density in the estimation of the AGB and the lack of this information for peat swamp forest tree species, research should be dedicated to analysing the wood density of the dominant tree species comprising the majority of the AGB density in the study area.

Keywords

Site-specific; allometric equation; above-ground biomass; peat swamp forest; Riau

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2014.1.1.47-65

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REALIZED GENETIC GAIN AND SEED SOURCE X SITE INTERACTION ON STAND VOLUME PRODUCTIVITY OF ACACIA MANGIUM

Author

Nirsatmanto, Teguh Setyaji, Reny Setyo Wahyuningtyas

Abstract

Following the results of the comprehensive tree improvement programs for Acacia mangium, it is necessary to estimate the real amount of genetic improvement and to develop an improved seed deployment strategy.  This study was aimed to verify realized genetic gain on stand volume productivity attained by the first-generation Seedling Seed Orchards (SSO) of A. mangium and to identify the magnitude of seed sources x site interaction as a basis for improved seed deployment. Seeds from five SSOs were tested together with seeds from seed stand in genetic gain trials which were established in South Kalimantan and Central Java. Realized gains were calculated from the percentage improvement of respective SSOs compared with seed stand at two and four years of age. Seed source x site interaction was investigated through analysis across the two sites.  Results of the study showed that trees derived from the five SSOs produced better stand volume than those from seed stand. At four years of age, stand volume of the best SSO reached around 127 m3/ha in South Kalimantan and 84 m3/ha in Central Java.  Realized genetic gain were around 66% at two years and 59% at four years in South Kalimantan, and around 136% at two years and 81% at four years in Central Java.  Seed source x site interaction was not significantly different indicating superiority of improved seed were consistent across the two sites with the average realized gain ranging from 18% to 79% and 24% to 62%  at two and four years, respectively. The best three SSOs were SSO-1 located in Pleihari-South Kalimantan, SSO-2 in Pendopo-South Sumatra and SSO-5 in Wonogiri-Central Java, all of which  originated from Papua New Guinea provenances. Improved seed from the orchards could be used at plantation sites without any significant change of the order in their superiority for stand volume productivity.

Keywords

Acacia mangium; genetic gain trial; realized genetic gain; seedling seed orchard; stand volume

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2014.1.1.21-32

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DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF WATERSHED PARTNERSHIP: A CASE STUDY OF LIMBOTO WATERSHED - GORONTALO, INDONESIA

Author

Gun Gun Hidayat, Hiroaki Kakizawa

Abstract

Establishment of watershed partnership is required to achieve integrated watershed management in Indonesia. Taking “partnership of Limboto watershed” as a case study, this study aimed to explore the development process of watershed partnership and its state and role in a watershed. Data and information were collected through interviews, group discussions and questionnaire survey. The results showed that in the early stages, through a good preparation process, the partnership gained recognition and support from stakeholders. Informal, open, and voluntary processes were adopted by the coordinator of the partnership for the establishment and initial operation phases which gave the partnership the experience of being inclusive and an active period which was considered as a good success. However, in the next phase, the partnership was unable to cope with the formalization of the watershed partnership as demanded by the decentralized institution by having a new structure without a definite and responsible institution, secretariat and budget source due to lack of interest of the expected local government to take on the responsibility. Formalization resulted in the disfunction of the partnership. Though, many participants considered the partnership had a positive role, especially concerning exchange of information and improvement of concern about the community. This partnership did not yet function for integrated watershed management, but more to educate and inspire people on watershed conservation through project-based activities.

Keywords

Preparation process; informal; formalization; local government; disfunction

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References

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2014.1.1.9-20

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THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF HYDROLOGICAL SERVICES IN MENDALAM SUB WATERSHED, KAPUAS HULU REGENCY, WEST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

Author

Roslinda, Yuliantini Yuliantini

Abstract

Forest ecosystem supports almost all of  the needs of  human being through its contribution of  tangible and intangible values.  Currently, the intangible values have gained less attention than the tangible values that cause  underestimation of  the total value of  the forest conversion into other more tangibly profitable usages, and miss-management of  the forest. One of  the important intangible values is the hydrological value that has been hardly calculated until now.  This research the intangible values of  water for household, transportation, agriculture and fishing in Mendalam Sub Watershed, Kalimantan. The economic values calculated based on market prices, opportunity costs and consumer’s surplus methods. The results showed that based on the    opportunity cost method the economic values of  the hydrological services was about Rp 8,043,706,237.50 per year. Meanwhile, the economic values of  the hydrological services based on the consumer’s surplus method gave lower value than the former method, i.e. Rp 8,031,351,664.60 per year. This study showed that the economic value of  the hydrological services was very high, which has not been included in the calculation yet. However, without trees there would be no forest and all other values included water value would not exist. Consequently, current forest management should put forest ecosystem as important to consider.

Keywords

Intangible value; hydrological services; forest ecosystem; Mendalam; sub watershed

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2014.1.1.1-8

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Collaborative Masters Program in Agricultural and Applied Economics for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa

Author

Bernard Bashaasha

No 9513, 2004 Inaugural Symposium, December 6-8, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya from  African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE)

Abstract: Program Genesis: Since the 1970s, African economies have under-performed and incomes have declined. Similarly, the agricultural sectors have malfunctioned and agricultural production shrunk despite over two-thirds of the population being dependent on agriculture for survival subjecting them to food insecurity, reduced incomes, massive poverty, unemployment and unsustainable resource utilisation. The decline in agricultural performance was brought about by numerous factors, including markets dynamics that tended to protect the agricultural products of developed nations at the expense of developing economies; persistent institutional weakness and market failures in Africa; poor linkage of policy results to policy making and implementation; poor understanding of environmental impact assessment and management skills for sustainable agricultural development; poor understanding of smallholder agriculture; and inadequate appreciation or understanding of the role of Science, Technology and Information in promoting rapid agricultural and rural development as well as overall economic growth and development. In response to the above situation and the realisation of the changing trends in markets, there arose the need to re-examine ways and means of managing and promoting agricultural development, which forms the backbone of many African economies. It was visualised that one way of tackling the problem was through enhancing capacity for policy analysis in agriculture in order to allow effective generation and supply of relevant information on agricultural production and marketing to policymakers. IFPRI and its 2020 Vision for Food, Agriculture and Environment established a network of researchers in agricultural economics in Eastern Africa in an effort of enhancing the capacity in policy analysis and research. The Regional Advisory Committee (RAC) was established to guide the network in undertaking competitive research grants among other critical activities. After one year in operation, the RAC realised there was a great shortage of skilled manpower to undertake policy analysis research in the region and established a Steering Committee to examine the problem. With financial support from the Rockefeller Foundation, an inquiry by Norman and Obwona was conducted, which revealed there was inadequate capacity for agricultural policy analysis, formulation and implementation. This was blamed on inadequate Agricultural Economics postgraduate training scholarships to overseas universities in particular and limited Governments support for postgraduate training locally due to budgetary constraints. The Steering Committee suggested that a sustainable cost effective capacity building mechanism was seriously needed to help resolve problems that were being experienced in institutions of higher learning. To put the mechanism in place, a conference involving Heads of Departments of Agricultural Economics in Eastern and Southern Africa, and other participants from the private and public sectors was convened in November 2002 to examine the future challenges to agricultural economics. The conference adopted that the heads of agricultural economics departments should formulate plans for strengthening agricultural economics training in the region through a Collaborative program. After the conference, heads of departments formed the umbrella body AEEB and started working on the collaborative masters program. The vision of this collaborative program is to train graduates with a solid foundation in economic concepts and methods for applied analysis in the public, civil society and private sectors, as well as offer opportunity for advanced academic pursuits. The main objectives of the program are to: advance Agricultural Economics as a core disciplinary course at MSc level in Eastern & Southern Africa; produce graduates who are conversant with problems facing the agricultural sector in Africa and with the capability to provide practical solutions; set up a system for upgrading the teaching and research capacity of faculties in the participating departments; as well as enhance a collaborative network amongst the many players in agricultural economics.

Keywords: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2004
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Building a Food Security and Policy Information Portal for Africa (FSIP)

Author

Josue Dione, Joan Kagwanja, Michael Weber (webermi@msu.edu), John Staatz and Valerie Kelly (kelly@msu.edu)

No 9514, 2004 Inaugural Symposium, December 6-8, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya from  African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE)

Abstract: Getting the food and agriculture system moving faster is crucial for structural transformation and poverty reduction in Africa. This requires investing in basic productive and market infrastructure, and expanding appropriate research, knowledge, and technology for increased productivity at all stages of the agricultural commodity chains. The advent of the World Wide Web and steady reductions in the cost and increases in the speed of Internet services in Africa are changing the way we must think about the development, storage, and dissemination of policy analysis and training materials, which are crucial inputs for agricultural development. Yet, much remains to be done to harness these information communication technology tools more effectively to help achieve African development goals in agricultural sciences, food security, and policy reform (UNECA/DISD). Our paper identifies opportunities and constraints facing a program being undertaken by the UNECA, several regional African policy research networks, and MSU to: (1) improve the skills of African technical and social scientists to use more effectively the wealth of scientific knowledge and experience currently available on the Internet to carry out applied policy research, outreach and training; and (2) make the work of Africans more visible to others, thereby fostering south-north and south-south learning. The paper discusses a collaborative internet-based tool being developed to achieve these objectives. The Food Security and Food Policy Information Portal for Africa gives researchers and policy makers a one-stop and multi-language location for: (a) easily accessing key data and analyses on food security and food policy for every country in Africa; (b) sharing their own work with colleagues across the world; (c) finding training materials on more effective use of the ICT, and on improved applied research and policy analysis methods, and; (d) spotlighting experiences on how to improve the effective.

Keywords: Food Security and Poverty (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2004
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Breaking the "Fertilizer Poverty" and Food Insecurity Traps in Smallholder Maize Based Farming System in Southern Africa: Experiences and Lessons from Soil Fertility Network/Economics and Policy Working Group (EPWG)

Author

Mulugetta Mekuria, Stephen R. Waddington and Shephard Siziba

No 9515, 2004 Inaugural Symposium, December 6-8, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya from  African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE)

Abstract: Smallholder farmers in southern Africa face acute food insecurity because the productive capacity of their soils has declined. These resource-poor farmers increasingly cannot afford mineral fertilizers Farmers mentioned the lack of fertilizers for their depleted soils as the most important constraint- "Empty Soils, stomachs and pockets." In response to this challenge, Soil Fert Net researchers in southern Africa have developed and promoted a range of "best-bet" soil fertility management technological (SFMT) options for farmers. This paper presents a review of financial, adoption, institutional and policy analysis undertaken by EPWG members on the use of SFMT by smallholders. Financial and risk analysis tools, selected econometric models and policy analysis matrix were employed to measure profitability, incidence and intensity of adoption and to understand the effects of policy instruments necessary to promote SFMTs. Financial analysis of "best bets" indicates that (even with current unfavorable input and output prices) there are positive payoffs to investing in SFMTs. Adoption studies in Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia and Mozambique revealed that farmers need to make a significant initial investment in terms of labor, land and capital before they start to obtain benefits. SFMTs are also management and information intensive and farmers' limited skills and knowledge are critical factors influencing adoption. Profitability and subsequent adoption decisions are sensitive to changes in maize grain price, crop yield and the cost of borrowing capital. The study recommend institutional and policy support and advocacy for better access to credit, input availability, market linkages to scale up the diffusion and promotion of SFMTs.

Keywords: Policy briefs; Policy analysis matrix; markets; cropping systems; legumes; N fertilizer; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2004
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