Published Date
Applied Energy November 2009, Vol.86:S132–S139, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.05.027 Bio-fuels in Asia Author
Thu Lan T. Nguyen a,b,,
John E. Hermansen a
Masayuki Sagisaka c
aDepartment of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
bThe Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
cInstitute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
Received 1 December 2008. Revised 13 May 2009. Accepted 20 May 2009. Available online 23 June 2009. This article is sponsored by the Asian Development Bank as part of the Supplement “Biofuels in Asia”.
Abstract One important rationale for bio-energy systems is their potential to save fossil energy. Converting a conventional sugar mill into a bio-energy process plant would contribute to fossil energy savings via the extraction of renewable electricity and ethanol substituting for fossil electricity and gasoline, respectively. This paper takes a closer look at the Thai sugar industry and examines two practical approaches that will enhance fossil energy savings. The first one addresses an efficient extraction of energy in the form of electricity from the excess bagasse and cane trash. The second while proposing to convert molasses or sugar cane to ethanol stresses the use of bagasse as well as distillery spent wash to replace coal in meeting ethanol plants’ energy needs. The savings potential achieved with extracting ethanol from surplus sugar versus current practice in sugar industry in Thailand amounts to 15 million barrels of oil a year. Whether the saving benefits could be fully realized, however, depends on how well the potential land use change resulting from an expansion of ethanol production is managed. The results presented serve as a useful guidance to formulate strategies that enable optimum utilization of biomass as an energy source. Keywords
Abstract:World sugar market is not healthier because of higher production cost and lower selling price of sugar. Efforts have been taken to elucidate this while remedies include improving the revenues of sugar plant from selling of sugarcane by-products like molasses. Buyer selection and prioritisation is very complex since it involves quantitative and qualitative multi-criterion. In most of the real time problems, some of the decisions can be exactly assessed while others cannot. Essentially, the uncertainty in the preference judgements gives rise to uncertainty in ranking of alternatives in selecting the appropriate buyer. In this paper, a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process-based (FAHP) buyer selection model has been formulated and implemented in a sugar plant in Tamilnadu, India. The fuzziness of the decision maker for dealing with complex decisions involving multiple criteria in systems of many levels is considered here. The main and sub-criteria influencing the buyer selection are identified for structuring the FAHP model and finally the buyers were prioritised. The results exhibit the prioritised buyer and other alternatives.
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Published Date
Applied Energy November 2009, Vol.86:S100–S107,doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.05.005 Bio-fuels in Asia
Author
Genia Kostka a,b,,
Christine Polzin b
Jenny Scharrer b
aUniversity of Oxford, Department of International Development, 3 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TB, Oxford, United Kingdom
bEmergia Institute, Haemmerling Str. 55, 12555 Berlin, Germany
Received 15 January 2009. Revised 28 April 2009. Accepted 4 May 2009. Available online 31 May 2009. This article is sponsored by the Asian Development Bank as part of the Supplement “Biofuels in Asia”.
Abstract The last decade has seen a surging demand for biofuels in the wake of increasing oil prices and rising environmental concerns. The most common biofuel is bio-ethanol accounting for more than 90% of total biofuel usage. It is increasingly produced from sugar cane making cane a strategic crop for biofuels. Given the growing demand for “green” fuels, bio-ethanol production has been supported by energy policies in the past decade, which have consequently been accused of contributing to the global trend of rising food prices and thus jeopardising food security. However, while biofuel policies are an important driver, prices as much as food security will ultimately be determined by supply constraints of strategic crops. This paper hence investigates drivers of and constraints to sugar cane production in (the) People’s Republic of China and India and shows that supply side constraints vary significantly in the two countries. (the) PRC and India both face serious limitations with regard to suitable available land for the further expansion of sugar cane production. Equally they are both faced with challenges to increasing yield output per hectare, albeit different ones. With regard to productivity, (the) PRC achieved 2.7% annual yield growth since 1997, while India has seen yield decreases of −0.1% p.a. over the same period. The authors conclude that cane used as a feedstock to meet the rising energy demand will come at the expense of converting fertile land for non-food purposes. Keywords
Corresponding author. Address: University of Oxford, Department of International Development, 3 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TB, Oxford, United Kingdom. Tel.: +44 7929 461 622; fax: +44 1865 281801.
Published Date
Journal of Korean Nature March 2010, Vol.3(1):43–47, doi:10.1016/S1976-8648(14)60007-4 Open Access, Creative Commons license, Funding information
Author
Seon-Deok Jin a
Byung-Sun Chun b
Jea-Pyoung Yu a
In-Hwan Paik a
Tseveenmyadag Natsagdorjiin c
Nyambayar Batbayar c
Woon-Kee Paek a,,
aDepartment of Natural History, National Science Museum, Daejeon 305-705, Korea
bChungnam National University of Korea, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
cWildlife Science and Conservation Center of Mongolia, Mongolian Academy of Sciences Researcher, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongolia
Received 7 January 2010. Available online 2 December 2014.
Abstract Birds observed in the Orkhon River basin during Aug. 15 through Aug. 26, 2007 were 5,538 individuals in 68 species in total. Dominant species were Corvus dauuricus in 3,009 individuals (54.33%), Passer montanus in 499 individuals (9.01%), Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in 213 individuals (3.85%), Corvus corax in 203 individuals (3.67%), and Milvus migrans in 198 individuals (3.58%) in order from the most dominant. As result of observation by habitat types, it appeared 20 species 541 individuals in residential area, 33 species 362 individuals in forest, 39 species 745 individuals in wetland, 26 species 3,373 individuals in steppe and 24 species 517 individuals in rocky area. From the aspect of species diversity, it showed 2.78 in wetland (highest), 2.72 in forest, 2.40 in residential area 1.82 in rocky area, and 1.00 in steppe. Key words
Korea and Mongolia Associated Natural Property Scientific Investigations-Research on the actual condition of Mongolia Black Vulture Propagation Places, 2005, Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea, p. 198
Richard B. P. (2006) A Primer of Conservation Biology, Third Edition. Jong Won Kim, Yong Mok Park, Eun Ju Lee, Ki Jae Ju, Ki Ryong Choi. World Science (2004). 318 pp.
Jeon S. W., Myoung S. J., Sin M. Y., Lee M. J., and W. H., Ju. (2008) Study of on Building of Strategy of Ecological Network in East-North Asia. KEI (Korea Environment Institute). Rep. 163 pp.
