PERANCANGAN ULANG TATA LETAK PABRIK KILANG KAYU CV. X

Author

Amri ., Muhammad Zeki

Abstract

Kilang kayu CV. X merupakan salah satu kilang kayu yang memproduksi beberapa jenis ukuran kayu. Seiring dengan meningkatnya permintaan kayu oleh konsumen dan juga luas lahan yang terbatas, maka kilang kayu CV. X perlu dilakukan perancangan ulang tata letak fasilitas.           Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang ulang tata letak pabrik, data-data yang diperlukan adalah data-data yang berkaitan dengan kilang kayu CV. X. Data-data yang diperlukan antara lain adalah ; Luas lahan, Ruangan-ruangan yang diperlukan, jenis mesin, kapasitas mesin, produk yang dihasilkan dan lain sebagainya. Setelah dilakukan analisis maka diperoleh Luas ruangan yang mengalami perubahan adalah gudang kayu produk akhir, gudang kayu ketam, tempat penyimpanan kayu sisa, ruang simpan serbuk kayu, tempat jemur kayu bahan baku, tempat jemur papan balok, dan ruang mesin gergaji belah, dengan luas ruangan setelah perbaikan masing-masing ; (21,32 m²), (161 m²), (73,1 m²), (3,4 m²), (231,75 m²), (38,5 m²), (231,75 m²).

Kata kunci : Material Handling, Lay Out, Wood Processing

ABSTRACT

CV X is one of wood factory which produces wood with different size. With increasing of wood demand and limitation of area, so that CV X need to make a relayout of its facilities. This research aim was made relayout of wood factory. Data needs were area broad, machine types, machine capacities, etc. Result relayout shows that broad area of some rooms were change such as wood warehouse, wood planners storage, wood scraps storages, wood dust storage, raw wood dryer room, block board dryer room and sawing machine room rith room board after improvement were (21,32 m²), (161 m²), (73,1 m²), (3,4 m²), (231,75 m²), (38,5 m²), (231,75 m²).

Keyword: 3 Material Handling, Lay Out, Wood Processing

References

Apple, J.M. Tata Letak Pabrik dan Pemindahan Bahan. Edisi ketiga, ITB, Bandung, 1990

Wignjosoebroto, S, Tata Letak Pabrik dan Pemindahan Bahan, Edisi Keempat, ITS, Surabaya, 2009

Hadiguna, R.A, dan Setiawan, H. Tata Letak Pabrik. Andi Yogykarta, 2008

Sutalaksana, Teknik Tata Cara Kerja, ITB, Bandung, 1979

Purnomo, Hari, Perancangan dan Perencanaan Tata Letak Fasilitas, Edisi pertama, Graha Ilmu, yogyakarta, 2004

Siregar Basyah Ali, Ir, Dr, Analisa Kelayakan Pabrik, ITB, Studio Teknik Industri Bandung, 1991

Assauri, Sofyan Drs, Manajemen Produksi dan Operasi, Edisi Revisi, Fakultas Ekonomi UI, Jakarta, 1998

Ahyari Agus, Manajemen Produksi, Edisi keempat, Penerbit BPFE, Yogyakarta, 2003

Nasution, A Hakim, Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Produksi, Edisi Pertama, Penerbit Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta, 2004

Full Text: PDF

For further details log on website :
http://ejurnal.bunghatta.ac.id/index.php?journal=JTI-UBH&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=2252

Mengintai di Dapur Sebuah Kilang Kayu

Assalam...

Mulia tidak tahu nak mulakan cerita untuk entri kali ini, untuk memberi warna cerita jauh sekali.  Mungkin dengan meneliti gambar-gambar pun tidak memberi sesuatu yang menarik.  Tiada yang istimewa, seakan berada di ruang yang besar, terdapat perabot-perabot lama dan usang dan tidak digunakan lagi.  Namun menurut pekerja yang ditemui, ruang ini masih digunakan oleh pekerja.

Ini adalah ruang makan atau dapur yang dikhaskan untuk pekerja di sebuah kilang kayu (Sawmill).  Terdapat beberapa buah meja seperti ini kelihatan usang namun keadaannya masih baik dan solid.

Papan kenyataan yang menempatkan notis atau peraturan-peraturan untuk pekerja dan  pihak majikan.  Nampak dah terlalu usang dan berhabuk, namun diteliti dari tarikh notis-notis itu dikeluarkan tahun bertarikh tahun 2013 dan 2012.  

Bar stool yang masih solid, seakan yang terdapat di kopitiam.

Mulia pasti bangku kayu ini diperbuat daripada lebihan kayu-kayu buangan kilang ini.  Mungkin orang yang membuatnya adalah pekerja kilang itu sendiri.

Ini tong untuk menyimpan air, binaan kekal yang diperbuat daripada batu dan simen.  Memudahkan pekerja untuk mendapat bekalan air sekiranya paip air tidak berfungsi.

Tempat tadahan pinggan mangkuk.

Singki satu kecil dan satu besar.  Singki besar itu agaknya membasuh peralatan besar seperti periuk.

Susunan periuk mengikut saiz.

Mulia sangat tertarik sebenarnya tentang dapur ini.  Binaan kekal dan berbentuk pulau yang turut dilengkapi dengan hook yang besar.  

Periuk ini jugak klasik..bentuk seperti periuk tanah dan cantik terletak di atas tungku.

Bahan api tentunya menggunakan kayu hasil buangan kilang.

Wassalam.

For further details log on website :
https://nasamulia.blogspot.my/2013/12/mengintai-di-dapur-sebuah-kilang-kayu.html

Prolonged, simulated acid rain and heavy metal deposition: separated and combined effects on forest soil microbial community structure You have access

Author
Taina Pennanen, Jonna Perkiömäki, Oili Kiikkilä, Pekka Vanhala, Seppo Neuvonen, Hannu Fritze

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb00545.x 291-300  First published online: 1 November 1998

Abstract

The separate and combined effects of moderate levels of acid load and Cu-Ni deposition on humus (F/H layer) microbial community structure were examined six growing seasons after the start of an artificial irrigation experiment. A 22-factorial design with acid load (pH 3.1) and Cu-Ni addition was used. The acid application resulted in acidification as defined by humus chemistry, including a decrease in the concentration of base cations and an increase in the concentration of H+, Al and Fe, leading to a decrease in humus pH from 4.10 to 3.95. The metal additions resulted in a 2–3-fold increase in humus total Cu and Ni concentrations. The treatments did not affect the total microbial biomass, measured by substrate-induced respiration, or the basal respiration rate. However, the microbial community structure determined by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis showed that the acid load affected the bacterial part of the community. The relative amount of branched PLFAs common to Gram-positive bacteria increased with decreasing humus pH, and the bacterial community was also adapted to more acidic conditions. The metal addition alone did not cause clear changes in the microbial community structure or bacterial tolerance to Cu or Ni. The combined acid and metal treatment induced similar changes in the microbial community structure as the acid treatment alone.

For further details log on website :
http://femsec.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/3/291.abstract

Stimulation of Strontium Accumulation in Linoleate-Enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is a Result of Reduced Sr2+ Efflux

Author

1. Simon V. Avery^*, 
2. Shareeka L. Smith, 
3. A. Mohamad Ghazi^†, and 
4. Michael J. Hoptroff^‡

-Author Affiliations

1. Department of Biology, University Plaza, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4010

ABSTRACT

The influence of modified plasma membrane fatty acid composition on cellular strontium accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiaewas investigated. Growth of S. cerevisiae in the presence of 1 mM linoleate (18:2) (which results in 18:2 incorporation to ∼70% of total cellular and plasma membrane fatty acids, with no effect on growth rate) yielded cells that accumulated Sr²⁺ intracellularly at approximately twice the rate ofS. cerevisiae grown without a fatty acid supplement. This effect was evident over a wide range of external Sr²⁺concentrations (25 μM to 5 mM) and increased with the extent of cellular 18:2 incorporation. Stimulation of Sr²⁺accumulation was not evident following enrichment of S. cerevisiae with either palmitoleate (16:1), linolenate (18:3) (n-3 and n-6 isomers), or eicosadienoate (20:2) (n-6 and n-9 isomers). Competition experiments revealed that Ca²⁺- and Mg²⁺-induced inhibition of Sr²⁺ accumulation did not differ between unsupplemented and 18:2-supplemented cells. Treatment with trifluoperazine (TFP) (which can act as a calmodulin antagonist and Ca²⁺-ATPase inhibitor), at a low concentration that precluded nonspecific K⁺ efflux, increased intracellular Sr²⁺accumulation by approximately 3.6- and 1.4-fold in unsupplemented and 18:2-supplemented cells, respectively. Thus, TFP abolished the enhanced Sr²⁺ accumulation ability of 18:2-supplemented cells. Moreover, the rate of Sr²⁺release from Sr²⁺-loaded fatty acid-unsupplemented cells was found to be at least twice as great as that from Sr²⁺-loaded 18:2-enriched cells. The influence of enrichment with other fatty acids on Sr²⁺efflux was variable. The results reveal an enhanced Sr²⁺ accumulation ability of S. cerevisiae following 18:2-enrichment, which is attributed to diminished Sr²⁺ efflux activity in these cells.

FOOTNOTES

• Received 12 August 1998.
• Accepted 7 December 1998.
• ↵* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biology, University Plaza, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4010. Phone: (404) 651-0912. Fax: (404) 651-2509. E-mail:biosva@panther.gsu.edu.
• ↵† Permanent address: Department of Geology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303.
• ↵‡ Present address: Unilever RED, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Bebbington, Merseyside L63 3JW, United Kingdom.

• Copyright © 1999 American Society for Microbiology

For further details log on website :
http://aem.asm.org/content/65/3/1191.abstract

Microbial Biomass and Activity in Lead-Contaminated Soil

Author

1. A. Konopka1,^*, 
2. T. Zakharova1,^†, 
3. M. Bischoff2, 
4. L. Oliver2, 
5. C. Nakatsu2, and 
6. R. F. Turco2

-Author Affiliations

1. Department of Biological Sciences,1 and 
2. Department of Agronomy,2 Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907

ABSTRACT

Microbial community diversity, potential microbial activity, and metal resistance were determined in three soils whose lead contents ranged from 0.00039 to 48 mmol of Pb kg of soil⁻¹. Biomass levels were directly related to lead content. A molecular analysis of 16S rRNAs suggested that each soil contained a complex, diverse microbial community. A statistical analysis of the phospholipid fatty acids indicated that the community in the soil having the highest lead content was not related to the communities in the other soils. All of the soils contained active microbial populations that mineralized [¹⁴C]glucose. In all samples, 10 to 15% of the total culturable bacteria were Pb resistant and had MIC of Pb for growth of 100 to 150 μM.

FOOTNOTES

• Received 10 August 1998.
• Accepted 15 February 1999.
• ↵* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1392. Phone: (765) 494-8152. Fax: (765) 494-0876. E-mail:akonopka@purdue.edu.
• ↵† Permanent address: Institute of Soil Science and Photosynthesis, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Russia.

• Copyright © 1999 American Society for Microbiology

For further details log on website :
http://aem.asm.org/content/65/5/2256.abstract

Linking Toluene Degradation with Specific Microbial Populations in Soil

Author

1. Jessica R. Hanson1, 
2. Jennifer L. Macalady1, 
3. David Harris2, and 
4. Kate M. Scow1,^*

-Author Affiliations

1. Department of Land, Air and Water Resources1 and 
2. Stable Isotope Facility,2 University of California, Davis, California 95616

ABSTRACT

Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis of a soil microbial community was coupled with ¹³C isotope tracer analysis to measure the community’s response to addition of 35 μg of [¹³C]toluene ml of soil solution⁻¹. After 119 h of incubation with toluene, 96% of the incorporated¹³C was detected in only 16 of the total 59 PLFAs (27%) extracted from the soil. Of the total ¹³C-enriched PLFAs, 85% were identical to the PLFAs contained in a toluene-metabolizing bacterium isolated from the same soil. In contrast, the majority of the soil PLFAs (91%) became labeled when the same soil was incubated with [¹³C]glucose. Our study showed that coupling¹³C tracer analysis with PLFA analysis is an effective technique for distinguishing a specific microbial population involved in metabolism of a labeled substrate in complex environments such as soil.

FOOTNOTES

• Received 12 May 1999.
• Accepted 27 September 1999.
• ↵* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, 1 Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA 95616. Phone: (530) 752-4632. Fax: (530) 752-1552. E-mail: kmscow@ucdavis.edu.

• Copyright © 1999 American Society for Microbiology

For further details log on website :
http://aem.asm.org/content/65/12/5403.abstract