A study of conventional agroforestry practices and opportunities in the highlands of Oromia, Central Ethiopia

African Journal of Wood Science and Forestry ISSN 2375-0979 Vol. 4 (1), pp. 219-230, January, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Mulugeta Dawud and Afwerki Birtukan

EIAR, Holetta Research Centre, P.O.Box, 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. E-mail: mulugeta_dawud@gmail.com

Accepted 25 September, 2015

Abstract

Informal and formal surveys were conducted at Jeldu and Guder district in two peasant associations (PA) of western Shewa zones of Oromia region in 2006/2007. The study were conducted with the objectives to describe and understand indigenous agroforestry practices and identify constraints for natural resources management and propose research agenda in the context of farming system. Informal surveys were implemented through discussion, key informant interview, and physical observation. And formal survey was conducted using structured questionnaires from one hundred households (50 per district). The common agroforestry practices recorded at both study sites were scattered trees on farmlands, trees on gullies, rivers, home gardens, live fence, grazing lands, farm boundaries and around fences. Hagenea abyssinica, Dombeya torrida, Maytenus ugalinesses, Eucalyptus globulus and Buddleja polystacha are abundant at Jeldu where as Acacia abyssinica, Cordia africana, Croton macrostachys, Olea africana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Cupressus lusitanica, Podocarpus glaciliar, Entada abyssinica, Ficus vasta, Sesbania sesban, Albizia scimperiana, Vernonia amygdalina, Acacia decurrense, Celtis africana, Croton macrostachys and Myrica salicifolia are familiar at Guder.Free livestock movement, land shortage, poor access of tree seedlings and termite hazard are the major bottlenecks recorded outside homesteads. Soil erosion, feed shortage, wood shortage and depletion of soil fertility are the critical problems in the study areas. Investigation of feed value and soil improving characteristics are some of the potential indigenous trees and shrubs need a priority research attention. Hence this paper discussed the causes of the aforementioned problems and forwarded relevant recommendation research intervention to be conducted.

Keywords: Traditional farm forestry, farming system, and multipurpose trees.

For further details log on website :

http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajwsf/articles/a-study-of-conventional-agroforestry

Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science

SPRINGER LINK 

Editor-in-Chief: S. K. Sharma

ISSN: 0972-172X (print version)
ISSN: 0976-8432 (electronic version)

Journal no. 13196

Online subscription, valid for one calendar year

Immediate Content Access via SpringerLink

1 Volumes with 2 issues per year

Subscription will auto-renew for another year unless duly terminated

FAQ & Policy

This Journal is the official publication of the Indian Academy of Wood Science. It publishes on all aspects related to wood, cellulose and their products such as logging, saw milling, wood working, plywood, fibre boards, particle boards, improved and composite woods, cellulose and cellulose-based sciences and industries and allied fields generally classified as "Wood Science". 

The journal aims to unite scientists, technologists, engineers and other personnel engaged in research, education, industry, trade and other professions connected with Wood Science and to bring close technical, social and economic cooperation among its members. It aims to collect, codify and provide technical facts, data, standards and process specifications, fundamental to Wood Science and allied industries.

For further details log on website :

http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/forestry/journal/13196/PSE

SPRINGER LINK

Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff

Editor-in-Chief: K. Richter; J.-W. Van de Kuilen

ISSN: 0018-3768 (print version)
ISSN: 1436-736X (electronic version)

Journal no. 107

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products

• Presents research into wood and wood products
• Examines biological, chemical, physical, mechanical and technological properties, and wood processing and uses
• Coverage ranges from roundwood to wood based products, composite materials and timber construction
• 100% of authors who answered a survey reported that they would definitely publish or probably publish in the journal again

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products reports on original research and new developments in the field of wood and wood products and their biological, chemical, physical as well as mechanical and technological properties, processes and uses. Subjects range from roundwood to wood based products, composite materials and structural applications, with related jointing techniques. Moreover, it deals with wood as a chemical raw material, source of energy as well as with inter-disciplinary aspects of environmental assessment and international markets. 

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products aims at promoting international scientific communication and transfer of new technologies from research into practice.

For further details log on website:

http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/forestry/journal/107

Influence of prolonged exposure of wood to water on wood structure and biochar properties

SPRINGER LINK

First online: 05 May 2016

Wood Science and Technology

• Svetlana Tsyganova 
• , Elena Mazurova
• , Galina Bondarenko
• , Nikolay Chesnokov

• 
  

• Look 
  Inside

Abstract

The structural changes of birch and pinewood under the influence of prolonged exposure to water were studied. It has been shown that prolonged aqueous treatment of birch increases the degree of crystallinity of cellulose. On the contrary, similar treatment of pinewood leads to its decrease. The specific role of hydroxyl groups of cellulose in the interaction of wood with water has been revealed. It has been noted that the O/H ratio for wood correlates to the hydrophilicity and crystallinity of cellulose. The possibility of producing porous products from different species of wood after prolonged soaking in water has been shown. The carbonization of the samples up to 800 °C leads to significant growth of the specific surface area of carbon product from 10–20 to 200–400 m2/g. It is assumed that a soft change of wood structure under the influence of water leads to the formation of weakly bound low molecular weight fragments, which are converted into volatile products for carbonization, and the formation of porous carbon product.

For further details log on website :

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00226-016-0831-3

Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology

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ISSN: 1569-1705 (Print) 1572-9826 (Online)

Description

The areas of environmental science and environmental (bio)technology are broad, multidisciplinary, fast growing and extremely active. The last twenty years have seen an overwhelming accumulation of data, and a panoply of important discoveries. It is almost impossible to keep up to date on current developments in these areas, let alone judge their long-term significance.

The purpose of Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology is twofold: to keep the reader up-to-date on achieved advances in the multidisciplinary and rapidly expanding fields of environmental science and biotechnology, and to offer perspectives on where these developments will lead.

The journal comprises of two distinct peer-reviewed sections: one offering Mini-Reviews expressing scientific opinions on topics and trends, and another presenting comprehensive critical evaluations (Reviews) of research efforts and technical realizations in particular areas. In addition to these two sections, the journal will publish research and policy-oriented commentaries, information on newly initiated research projects, key websites, recent developments in  the field presented on international workshops, seminars and symposia, and initiatives from young researchers (science careers).

Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology accepts electronic multimedia files (animations, movies, audio etc.) and other supplementary files to be published online along with an article. This feature can add dimension to the author's article as certain information cannot be printed or is more convenient in electronic form. 

For more information on submission and types of files please see ESM under For authors and editors.

For further details log on website:

http://link.springer.com/journal/11157

Simple Exercises to Increase Heart Rate

Cardiovascular or aerobic exercise increases the heart rate, which delivers oxygenated blood to the lunges and muscles. Cardio provides several health benefits like increased stamina, improved immune system function, a stronger heart and fat loss. You can perform basic exercises to increase your heart rate during your workout. Incorporating cardiovascular activity into your exercise routine can increase the effectiveness of your training program.

Group doing jumping jacks outdoors. Photo Credit Mike Powell/Digital Vision/Getty Images.

Jumping Jacks

Performing jumping jacks works the arms and legs while increasing your heart rate. Stand with your feet together and arms at your sides. Jump up while bringing your arms out to the sides and straight above your head. Land with your feet slightly wider than shoulder-width apart. Immediately jump again and bring your arms and feet in together. Return to the starting position. Repeat for four sets of 60 seconds.

Step-ups

Step-ups recruit the quadriceps, glutes, hamstrings, calves and core muscles. Stand in front of an aerobic step or flat bench. Step up onto the bench with your right foot. Bring your left foot up onto the bench to meet your right. Step down with your left foot and bring your right foot down to the starting position. Repeat the movement leading with left foot. Continue alternating legs for four sets of two minutes.

Burpees

Burpees engage the arms, core, chest and legs while giving your heart rate a boost. Stand with your feet together and arms at your sides. Place your hands on the ground and snap your feet back, leaving your body in a push-up position. Perform one push-up. Jump your feet in next to your hands. Stand up and jump straight into the air with your hands above your head. Repeat for four sets of 12 repetitions.

High-knees

High-knees stimulate the lower body and core muscles. Begin by standing with your feet together and arms at your sides. Lift your right knee up to hip-level. Quickly switch legs, bringing your left knee up to hip-level. Continue to alternate legs for four sets of 60 seconds.

www.livestrong.com

Healthy Breast-Feeding Meal Plan

Keep healthy snacks next to your nursing chair. Photo Credit Jupiterimages/Stockbyte/Getty Images

A healthy breast-feeding diet is very similar to the diet you followed through pregnancy. Your meals should include all the food groups, including low-fat dairy, fruit, vegetables, whole grains and lean protein. Restrictive dieting can compromise milk supply, so don't worry about counting calories; rather, focus on eating a variety of healthy foods and eat to appetite. Talk to your doctor about goals for healthy postpartum weight loss.

A Simple Breakfast

Throw bananas, berries, milk and low-fat yogurt into the blender for a liquid meal. Photo Credit Jupiterimages/Creatas/Getty Images

If you're groggy from middle-of-the-night feedings, food might be unappealing first thing in the morning. Keep your breakfast simple and nutritious. Throw bananas, berries, milk and low-fat yogurt into the blender for a liquid meal you can sip while you nurse the baby. Breast-feeding women need 1,000 milligrams of calcium per day, so include low-fat dairy in every meal. You can also enjoy a mug of coffee in the morning, but don't exceed three cups of caffeinated beverages in a day.

Layers for Lunch

Sandwiches are a classic lunch food and an easy meal. Photo Credit Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images

When you are a breast-feeding mother, convenience is the name of the game. Sandwiches are a classic lunch food and an easy meal. Layer avocado, tomato, thinly sliced cucumber, spinach leaves and grilled chicken breast between two slices of whole-grain bread. Have a cup of yogurt and a piece of fruit on the side. If you have a little more time, make a tossed salad with leafy greens, diced vegetables and hard-boiled eggs, grilled chicken and beans for protein. Lean meat, eggs and beans will help you meet your protein requirement of 71 grams per day. Fresh produce is high in dietary fiber, which will keep you satiated and make it easier to lose your baby weight.

A Nutritious Dinner

After a long day of mothering, it can be tempting to forget about nutrition and curl up with a bowl of macaroni and cheese to watch television. You can still enjoy your favorite comfort foods, but make an effort to improve their nutritional profile. Make mac and cheese with whole-grain elbow noodles and low-fat milk and cheese. Or, top whole-grain spaghetti with marinara sauce and lean ground beef meatballs. Although you needed much more iron during pregnancy, you still require around 10 milligrams of the mineral -- found in red meat -- per day. Buy bags of frozen, microwavable vegetables so you won't have to dirty another pot during dinner preparation.

Snack Attacks

Yogurt is a good snack option. Photo Credit Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images

You might be just as ravenous as a nursing mom as you were when you were pregnant. Because breast-feeding takes a lot of energy, you'll need to eat every three to four hours to keep your blood sugar stable. In addition to three substantial meals, plan for two to three snacks. Trail mix, a granola bar, graham crackers with peanut butter, fruit, carrot or celery sticks with hummus, yogurt and whole-grain crackers with cheese are all good options. Mix and match so you include at least two food groups in every snack.

www.livestrong.com

What Does it Mean When You Wake Up With a Dry Mouth?

Dry mouth, also known as xerostoma, is a fairly common condition that most people will experience at some point in their lives, the Mayo Clinic says. Some people may experience constant dry mouth because they no longer produce enough saliva to keep the mouth moist. Others may experience dry mouth only in specific instances, such as when they wake. Waking with a dry mouth can have several causes, from illness to environmental factors.

What Does it Mean When You Wake Up With a Dry Mouth? Photo Credit Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images.

The Sinuses, Throat and Mouth

We are designed to breathe through our noses. When we breathe properly, air enters through the nose and is warmed and moistened by the sinuses. The warmed air then travels down the throat and into the lungs. When we breathe improperly, we breathe through our mouths, which sends dry, sometimes cold, air directly to our lungs. The result is a dry throat and mouth. Even in warm, humid weather, breathing through the mouth can dry out the mouth and throat. Illnesses, disorders and circumstances that prevent proper nose breathing can lead to dry mouth upon waking.

Nasal Illness and Dry Mouth

Colds, flus and sinus infections, as well as allergies, can all obstruct the sinuses, and people with these illnesses tend to breathe through their mouths, especially when sleeping. Keeping the sinuses clear, either by medical or mechanical means, can help prevent dry mouth upon waking, Take care, however, as some medications, such as antihistamines, can make a dry mouth worse.

Drugs, Alcohol and Dry Mouth

The National Institute of Dental and Cranial Facial Research says that more than 400 prescription and over-the-counter drugs dry out the tissues and affect saliva production. Any one of these drugs can cause dry mouth upon waking, and anyone taking prescription drugs may need to consider a different prescription or try home remedies to offset the effects. Alcohol can dry the tissues and also acts as a muscle relaxant. During sleep, the jaw may fall open causing air to dry out the mouth. Cigarette smoke can reduce saliva production, causing the mouth to be dry even if the sleeper breathes through his nose.

Environment and Dry Mouth

Dry air, coupled with mouth breathing, will dry the mouth. Additionally, dry room air can irritate the sinuses, making it difficult to breathe through the nose. Running a humidifier overnight will moisten the air and reduce morning dry mouth. Humidifiers are available as free-standing room models and can also be installed on an existing home heating system. Other methods of moistening the air include running a hot shower and letting the steam dissipate into the bedroom or placing a pot of water on a hot radiator.

When to See a Doctor

A dry morning mouth has several meanings. If it happens often, it may mean that the sleeper is not breathing properly in her sleep or that certain lifestyle factors, such as smoking, are affecting saliva production. Often, simple lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking or using nasal strips for breathing, may resolve the issue. If home remedies and lifestyle changes do not help, consult your physician. Dry mouth may be the sign of a more serious issue, such as obstructive sleep apnea. With obstructive sleep apnea, the sleeper stops breathing at several intervals during the night. People with this disorder may experience a dry mouth upon waking from gasping for air during sleep. According to Stanford University, sleep apnea is potentially fatal, and people with this disorder may need a special sleep appliance, or surgery, to correct the condition.

www.livestrong.com

SketchUp - A Design Guide for Woodworkers

THE WOODWORKING DESIGN COLLECTION - ORDER NOW !

By Joe Zeh

Format: Paperback 

A SketchUp Guide Created Specifically for Woodworkers

SketchUp is a fantastic design tool for woodworkers. It can save you time, materials and money by letting you test your designs before you even make your first cut. But, as with any computer software, there is a learning curve.

This comprehensive guide provides you with the specific advice that you need in order to use the program effectively. Create from a woodworker’s perspective, "SketchUp: A Design Guide for Woodworkers" helps you create beautiful furniture designs and reduce the chances of costly construction errors.

Inside you’ll find:

• Step-by-step instructions for installing and configuring the program to get the most functionality for your woodworking designs
• Explicit guidance to help you fully understand and use SketchUp's wide array of tools
• Helpful directions for employing Ruby scripts that extend SketchUp's usefulness for designing furniture
• Specialized instruction for modelling the complex shapes necessary for furniture design
• In-depth examples and exercises
• More than 600 detailed illustrations and screen captures

There are plenty of SketchUp guides out there, but this one concentrates specifically on what you, as a woodworker, need to know. Let this guide help you learn how to get the most out of this versatile tool.

About the Author:

Joe Zeh, an accomplished woodworker, also has over 35 years of experience in the computer and graphics industry, ranging from computer design to executive management, including vice president of 3D graphics at ATI Technologies Inc. He teaches SketchUp both in video and live courses, and offers free Sketchup advice on his blog (www.srww.com/blog).

For further information log on website:

http://www.shopwoodworking.com/sketch-up-a-design-guide-for-woodworkers?source=igodigital

Why Smoking Is a Bad Habit

Smoking is a hard habit for many people to break. A cigarette is perfect with a cup of coffee, tea or alcoholic drink. It eases stress and worry. It provides something to do with your hands when socializing with friends and family. Unfortunately, cigarette smoking is also the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S., according to the National Cancer Institute website. Smoking is responsible for one of out five deaths, and 38,000 deaths are caused by exposure to second-hand smoke. What more can be said about the detrimental effects of smoking?

It's hard to quit smoking, but it's well worth trying. Photo Credit smokers image by Dmitri MIkitenko from <a href='http://www.fotolia.com'>Fotolia.com</a>

Health Risks

Lung cancer is the leading cancer death among both men and women in the U.S. Smoking causes more deaths each year than HIV, alcohol, illegal drug use, car accidents, suicides and murders combined, according to the Centers for Disease and Prevention website. Smoking increases the risk of other cancers, such as kidney, bladder, cervix and pancreatic cancer. Smokers are at a higher risk for heart attack than nonsmokers, and smoking contributes to chronic lung diseases like emphysema and bronchitis.

Aesthetics

Cigarette smoking may look sophisticated and cool, but it leaves you with bad-smelling breath, skin, hair and clothes. People around you also end up smelling like cigarette smoke even if they are nonsmokers. Smoking also stains the teeth, causes gum disease and premature wrinkling of the skin.

Physical

According to the Family Doctor website, smoking decreases stamina, raises blood pressure and heart rate, contributes to breathing problems and increases the risk of acid reflux and stomach ulcers. Every puff you take exposes your body to toxic chemicals from cigarette smoke.

Cardiovascular

According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, smoking causes heart disease. It narrows the blood vessels, impairing circulation and increasing the risk for peripheral vascular disease--obstruction of large arteries in the legs and arms. Smoking also causes abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Other Effects

Smoking can increase the risk of stillbirth, low birth weight, infertility, premature birth and sudden infant death syndrome. Women who smoke have a lower bone density than non-smoking women.

Quitting

Kicking the smoking habit requires a commitment to a lifestyle change. It will require understanding why you smoke and identifying the stresses that make you reach for a cigarette. Keep a diary of your smoking habits and ask your doctor to work out a plan to deal with situations that make you want to smoke. Your doctor can recommend support groups you can reach out to. Also ask your doctor about nicotine replacement products that reduces nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

www.livestrong.com

How Does Junk Food Affect the Way You Concentrate?

When the 2 o'clock slump hits you, you may be tempted to make a run for the vending machine for your favorite candy bar or drink a sugary soda. While these items can certainly make you feel alert for a short period of time, they do more harm than good when it comes to your concentration. Junk food can actually affect your energy level and the way that you process information. The Pew Research Center notes that 55 percent of Americans admit to eating too much junk food, so it's a real concern for adults and children alike.

A young man eating potato chips while studying in a dorm room. Photo Credit James Woodson/Photodisc/Getty Images.

Sugar High -- Sugar Crash

When you eat junk food, which is typically high in fat, sugar and calories, your body digests the foods fairly quickly. Since junk food has been stripped of nutrients, your body is forced to use the sugar as energy for your body. That energy is spent quickly because of the refined nature of junk food, which means you experience a temporary "sugar high," or false feeling of energy, that is quickly followed by a "sugar crash," or a sensation of fatigue, once your metabolism has burned all of the possible energy. This can lead to bouts of focus loss, fatigue and a loss of concentration.

Behavioral Effects

Eating junk food may seem innocent enough until you realize how it's affecting your behavior, cognition and focus. A 2009 study published in the "European Journal of Clinical Nutrition" found that children who indulged in a diet high in junk food were more likely to be hyperactive than those who did not. Hyperactive children generally lack focus and may not be able to concentrate on simple tasks. The same could be assumed for adults who eat a diet high in junk food; hyperactivity, a lack of focus and an inability to concentrate could affect your work, your relationships and your lifestyle.

Fatigue and Cognition

A study performed by researchers at Oxford University, published in "FASEB Journal" in 2009, tested the cognitive effects on rats that ate a high fat, junk food diet. After nine days on the diet, the rats that ate junk food were put into a maze with rats that ate a more balanced diet. The junk food rats made more mistakes and did poorly while in the maze, while the regular diet rats generally did well. While the effect has not been tested on humans, it could be hypothesized that not giving your body proper fuel can cause cognitive difficulties. When paired with the fatigue of a sugar crash, it can spell mistakes at work, less alert driving or a lessened ability to weight options and make decisions.

Changing Habits

Luckily, the effect that junk food has on your concentration, cognition and focus can be easily reversed by a change in your habits. By choosing foods made from complex nutrients, your body breaks down the food slowly, releasing a steadier supply of energy through your metabolism. Eating a diet high in complex carbohydrates, fiber, lean protein and fruits and vegetables can help you retain more energy so you're better able to concentrate at work and at home.

www.livestrong.com

Jigs & Fixtures for the Hand Tool Woodworker

THE WOODWORKING COLLECTION DESIGN - ORDER NOW !

By Graham Blackburn

Format: Paperback 

Other available formats: EBOOK

Improve Your Hand Tool Woodworking with Traditional Jigs!

When traditional woodworkers wanted to improve the speed, accuracy and repeatability of their work, they developed clever jigs and fixtures such as shooting boards, a flexible straight edge and a grasshopper gauge. The vast majority of those aids were user-made and disappeared from sight when power tool woodworking took over in the 20th century. Woodworkers today often experience unnecessary frustration because they don't know that simple shop-made aids can vastly improve their work. Jigs & Fixtures for the Hand Tool Woodworker changes all of that. 

In this new hand tool guide, you'll learn:

• How to construct and use simple handmade jigs
• What traditional jigs look like and how they're used
• Graham Blackburn's secret family jigs and his recent adaptations including some manufactured items
• And much more!

Once you've tried these jigs in your shop, you'll quickly see they will make all the difference between frustration and success in your woodworking.

About the Author:

Graham Blackburn is a noted woodworking author, videographer and lecturer, who has written more than a dozen books on woodworking, starred in a 16-DVD woodworking series and contributed to or edited several woodworking magazines. He's also a champion tango dancer and earlier in his career studied music at Juliard and played saxophone with Van Morrison and others.

For further information log on website :

http://www.shopwoodworking.com/jigs-fixtures-for-hand-tool-wwkr?source=igodigital

The Best Cardio Exercise for Heart Patients

Like any other muscle in the body, the heart responds to exertional stimulus. Moderate physical activity to can do wonders to improve the functional capacity of the heart. According to the American Heart Association, many people with heart issues experience a myriad of benefits when they start a physical activity routine. The best kind of cardiovascular exercise for the heart is regular, moderately intense exercise, the most recommended form of which is walking or bicycling.

Walking with friends is a form of cardiovascular exercise. Photo Credit Jupiterimages/Stockbyte/Getty Images.

Who is a Heart Patient?

The term heart disease comprises more than 20 diseases of the heart and vessels, including high blood pressure and stroke, according to authors Waneen W. Spiriduso, Karen L. Francis and Priscilla G. MacRae in their book "Physical Dimensions of Aging." The American Heart Association states that those with any of the following ailments are considered heart patients: abnormal exercise test indicating ischemia, angina, heart attack, coronary artery bypass surgery, angioplasty, heart transplant, cardiomyopathy, valve disease, hypertension and/or pacemaker.

How to Start

If you're a heart patient, always get your doctor's approval before starting any exercise program. In most cases, the doctor will refer you to a qualified professional for evaluation and program design. If you've had a recent cardiac event, the doctor might refer you to a cardiac rehabilitation program. Cardiac rehabilitation provides professionals to help begin a safe and effective exercise program, states the American Heart Association. These professionals include physicians, nurses and exercise physiologists. Cardiac rehab also usually includes counseling and education to aid in the healing process.

Type of Cardio

The type of cardio you do is an important consideration when you're a heart patient. The most recommended form of cardio is walking or bicycling, both of which provide low-impact ways to safely and slowly increase the heart rate. The American College of Sports Medicine indicates that exercises should involve large muscle groups and be rhythmic or dynamic. Do a warm up, cool down and a moderately intense conditioning phase.

Amount of Cardio

Exercise can be extremely beneficial for a heart patient, but the program has to be both safe and effective. A moderately intense exercise program is recommended to achieve improved cardiac function. George A. Brooks and Thomas D. Fahey, in their book "Exercise Physiology," indicate that lower intensity activities do not appreciably improve fitness and highly intense levels of activity may put undue stress on the heart. Therefore, moderately intense exercise is the optimal for providing health benefits.The National Institute on Aging explains that endurance exercise or cardio should be performed for 30 minutes on most, preferably all, days of the week. Endurance exercises increase the heart rate and keep it up for an extended period of time.

Benefits

Exercise training can benefit the heart patient both physically and mentally. A regular exercise program can make your heart and body stronger, and can also improve mood. Brooks and Fahey state that exercise training in people with coronary heart disease improves exercise capacity. In other words, regular activities become easier. The body and heart become trained. This means that activities of daily living, such as grocery shopping, gardening and walking up a flight of stairs, become easier on the muscles of the body and heart.

www.livestrong.com

Woodworking: The Right Technique

THE WOODWORKING DESIGN COLLECTION - ORDER NOW !

By Bob Moran

Format: Hardcover 

This book contains 3 step-by step methods for every job and explains how to choose the one that's right for you.

For further information log on website :

http://www.shopwoodworking.com/woodworking-the-right-technique-t5117?source=igodigital