Happy Mother’s Day to All Woodworking Moms (and Moms of Woodworkers)

Author
By: Megan Fitzpatrick

A spice box I made for my mom a few years ago. (And no, she’s not picking a paint color for it – that’s for the wall below the chair rail – I like the bottom red, because it matches the inlay.)

While my mother isn’t a woodworker, I do have her to thank for my love of the craft. She collects antique furniture, and started doing so back when such things were more affordable and easy to find at yard sales. I also appreciate fine furniture, which I can only assume is a result of the furniture in my childhood home I wasn’t supposed to touch! But I can’t afford it unless I make it myself – so I have my mom to thank for my expensive furniture tastes. And her father, Emmett, was a woodworker – he trained as a cabinetmaker as a young man, then took it up again as a hobby after World War II. The sawdust in my veins comes from her side of my gene pool.

So happy Mother’s Day to my mom, Penny, and to all the other moms reading this.  And to every woodworking mom among our readers: I hope you get some nice bling today – a shiny new handplane, perhaps, or a nice set of sparkling clean (and clean-cutting) carbide router bits. At the very least, I hope you get some quality time in the shop.

— Megan Fitzpatrick

About Megan Fitzpatrick

Megan is the editor and content director of Popular Woodworking Magazine. She prefers using hand tools because they rarely make loud noises. Unless they fall off the bench.

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SketchUp - A Design Guide for Woodworkers eBook

Author

By Joe Zeh

Format: eBook

A SketchUp Guide Created Specifically for Woodworkers

SketchUp is a fantastic design tool for woodworkers. It can save you time, materials and money by letting you test your designs before you even make your first cut. But, as with any computer software, there is a learning curve.

This comprehensive guide provides you with the specific advice that you need in order to use the program effectively. Create from a woodworker’s perspective, "SketchUp: A Design Guide for Woodworkers" helps you create beautiful furniture designs and reduce the chances of costly construction errors.

Inside you’ll find:

• Step-by-step instructions for installing and configuring the program to get the most functionality for your woodworking designs
• Explicit guidance to help you fully understand and use SketchUp's wide array of tools
• Helpful directions for employing Ruby scripts that extend SketchUp's usefulness for designing furniture
• Specialized instruction for modelling the complex shapes necessary for furniture design
• In-depth examples and exercises
• More than 600 detailed illustrations and screen captures

There are plenty of SketchUp guides out there, but this one concentrates specifically on what you, as a woodworker, need to know. Let this guide help you learn how to get the most out of this versatile tool.

About the Author:

Joe Zeh, an accomplished woodworker, also has over 35 years of experience in the computer and graphics industry, ranging from computer design to executive management, including vice president of 3D graphics at ATI Technologies Inc. He teaches SketchUp both in video and live courses, and offers free Sketchup advice on his blog (www.srww.com/blog).

SKU	T7073
Author/Speaker/Editor	Joe Zeh
File Type	PDF
Format	eBook
ISBN 13	9781440342028
Number Of Pages	288

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Author

UMS meneroka teknologi moden sektor pertanian dan akuakultur di Osaka Dayangku Rozlina Datuk Pg. Aliuddin, UMS meneroka teknologi moden sektor pertanian dan akuakultur di Osaka. Suara Sepanggar, 23 (8). ISSN 1394-4851 PDF 915Kb Official URL: http://www.ums.edu.my/canselori/buletin.htm Item Type: UMS News Uncontrolled Keywords: Modern agricultural technology, modern aquaculture technology, study tour Subjects: ?? LC6681 ?? Divisions: SCHOOL > School of Sustainable Agriculture ID Code: 1733 Deposited By: IR Admin Deposited On: 21 Feb 2011 16:36 Last Modified: 01 Jul 2014 14:28

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Products properties from fast pyrolysis of enzymatic/mild acidolysis lignin

Author

Rui Lou and Shu-bin Wu

Applied Energy, 2011, vol. 88, issue 1, pages 316-322

Abstract: The conversion of enzymatic/mild acidolysis lignin (EMAL) isolated from moso bamboo to aromatic chemicals by fast pyrolysis were investigated under nitrogen atmosphere and atmospheric pressure. The experiment of EMAL pyrolyzing was set on a tubular reactor furnace at the temperature levels of 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 °C, and the products derived from EMAL pyrolyzing were classified into three-phase of gas, condensed liquid (tar), and solid (char). The chemical structure and surface morphology of solid product were characterized by fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the ingredients of gas product and liquid (tar) were analyzed with gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The analysis results indicated that the yield of char decreased rapidly from 43% to 28% with an increase of temperature, and the yield of gas product increased gradually from 6% to 26%, and the yield of tar attained a maximum at 700 °C. SEM showed that char took on lots of vesicles that resulted from the gas release from EMAL pyrolyzing. The ingredients of gas product were comprised of H2, CO, CO2 and light hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H4 and C2H6), and the amount of H2, CO were high. Besides a huge amount of phenols, the tar contained aromatic hydrocarbons, chain hydrocarbons, monoaromatic aromatic hydrocarbons and some ketones, and the carbon number of chemical compounds were C6-C10.

Keywords: Bamboo; Enzymatic; Lignin; Pyrolysis; Products; Characteristics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
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The effect of hemicelluloses and lignin on acid hydrolysis of cellulose

Author

S.-Y. Yoon, S.-H. Han and S.-J. Shin

Energy, 2014, vol. 77, issue C, pages 19-24

Abstract: In acid hydrolysis of plant biomass, polysaccharides are converted to monosaccharides, which is basic raw material for biorefinery for fermentation based process. These monosaccharides, however, are not stable in acidic reaction medium, and are converted to organic acids via furans. Impact of hemicelluloses and lignin on acid hydrolysis of cellulose was investigated to focus on monosaccharide production with different degrees of cellulose purity. Two-step concentrated sulphuric acid process was applied to biomass for monosaccharide conversion. Kinetics of cellulose hydrolysis was analysed using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Higher reaction temperature in secondary hydrolysis caused severe degradation of the monosaccharides. In pure and holocellulose, further reaction of glucose in acidic reaction medium produced formic acid and levulinic acid. However, lignocellulosic biomass generated much less formic acid and levulinic acid under the same reaction condition. Humin (or pseudo-lignin) was also formed by the condensation of lignin and furans from monosaccharides in acidic reaction condition. Thus, the fermentation inhibitors, furans and formic acid, were generated in low quantities by lignocellulosic biomass than by delignified biomass such as pure cellulose or holocellulose.

Keywords: Acid hydrolysis; Cellulose; Xylan; Lignin; Formic acid; 1H NMR (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
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Biological valorization strategies for converting lignin into fuels and chemicals

Author

Zhu Chen and Caixia Wan

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, vol. 73, issue C, 610-621

Abstract: Lignin is a complex phenylpropanoid biopolymer conferring mechanical strength to plant cell walls. Biorefineries, along with pulp and paper industry, generate large quantities of lignin. Lignin valorization is an essential process for an advanced, sustainable, and economical biomass-based industry. However, converting lignin into value-added products remains a challenge due to its heterogeneity and irregular structure. Many wild microorganisms have evolved complex metabolic and enzyme systems for lignin degradation and conversion. Great efforts have been made to explore their potentials for lignin valorization. This paper reviews the recent development in biological conversion of lignin into value-added products. It also covers potential catabolic pathways, exploration of new lignin degradation systems, and lignin consolidated bioprocessing (Lignin CBP).

Keywords: Lignin; Biomass; Biological conversion; Biofuels; Bioproducts (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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Cellulase adsorption on lignin: A roadblock for economic hydrolysis of biomass

Author

Jitendra Kumar Saini, Anil Kumar Patel, Mukund Adsul and Reeta Rani Singhania

Renewable Energy, 2016, vol. 98, issue C, 29-42

Abstract: Enzymatic saccharification of biomass is a crucial step in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass through sugar platform which essentially requires attachment of cellulases onto cellulose which is affected by the presence of lignin in biomass. This article focuses on types of interaction between cellulase-lignin and the possible strategies to restrict or overcome it so as to allow maximum cellulases for cellulase-cellulose productive binding. By inhibiting cellulase-lignin binding the cellulase dosage could be reduced dramatically thereby reducing the cost of enzyme in bioethanol process. The techniques to study these interactions have also been discussed.

Keywords: Cellulase; Lignin; Biomass; Pretreatment; Hydrolysis; Enzyme inhibition (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
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Simulation of Syngas Production from Lignin Using Guaiacol as a Model Compound

Author

Nancy Eloísa Rodríguez-Olalde (neloisanancy@gmail.com), Erick Alejandro Mendoza-Chávez (alejandhro@hotmail.com), Agustín Jaime Castro-Montoya (ajcastro@umich.mx), Jaime Saucedo-Luna (saucedol@hotmail.com), Rafael Maya-Yescas (rmayay@umich.mx), José Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones (jrutiaga@yahoo.com.mx) and José María Ponce Ortega (jmponce@umich.mx)
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Energies, 2015, vol. 8, issue 7, pages 1-10

Abstract: Lignin is an abundant component in biomass that can be used a feedstock for producing several value-added products, including biofuels. However, lignin is a complex molecule (involving in its structure three types of phenylpropane units: coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl), which is difficult to implement in any process simulation task. The lignin from softwood is formed mainly by coniferyl units; therefore, in this work the use of the guaiacol molecule to model softwood lignin in the simulation of the syngas process (H 2 + CO) is proposed. A Gibbs reactor in ASPEN PLUS ® was feed with ratios of water and guaiacol from 0.5 to 20. The pressure was varied from 0.05 to 1.01 MPa and the temperature in the range of 200–3200 °C. H 2 , CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , O 2 and C as graphite were considered in the output stream. The pressure, temperature and ratio water/guaiacol conditions for syngas production for different H 2 /CO ratio are discussed. The obtained results allow to determine the operating conditions to improve the syngas production and show that C as graphite and water decomposition can be avoided.

Keywords: gasification of lignin; guaiacol as lignin model compound; syngas production (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
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Depolymerization of lignins and their applications for the preparation of polyols and rigid polyurethane foams: A review

Author

Nubla Mahmood, Zhongshun Yuan, John Schmidt and Xu, Chunbao (Charles)

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, vol. 60, issue C, pages 317-329

Abstract: Lignin, nature’s dominant aromatic polymer, is found in most terrestrial plants in the range of 15–40% dry weight and provides structural integrity. Kraft lignin (KL) is a major by-product of pulp & paper industry where, hydrolysis lignin (HL) is the solid residue left from the enzymatic hydrolysis of wood after the pretreatment processes in cellulosic ethanol plants. Currently, most of the lignin is burned to generate heat and electricity and remaining is considered as a low value material. Only 1% of the annually produced lignin is being commercialized for its application in the preparation of bio-chemicals and to limited extent for bio-materials. Although with much lower reactivity, even crude lignin (a natural polyol) can be directly incorporated into polyurethane (PU) foam formulation due to the presence of aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyl groups in its structure as the reactive sites. However, bio-replacement ratios are usually low ~20–30% and further increasing replacement ratios results in fragile and low strength foams. Lignin depolymerization with selective bond cleavage is still a major challenge for converting it into value-added precursors especially for its utilization in the preparation of rigid PU foams. Depolymerization of these macromolecules can result in the valuable products with high hydroxyl number/functionality and low molecular weights, which in turn will increase the percentage replacement of bio-based polyols in the PU foam formulations. The technical routes/technologies for the depolymerization of lignins and their effective utilization as polyols in PU foams are summarized in this review article. These include direct utilization of lignin as well as the incorporation of depolymerized lignins, with and without modification, at high replacement ratios in PU foams. The major emphasis was given on the effective utilization of low value lignin for high value applications. Some of the associated challenges for the production of materials from lignin are also discussed.

Keywords: Kraft lignin; Hydrolysis lignin; Depolymerization; Polyols; Rigid polyurethane foam (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
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Recent innovations in analytical methods for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of lignin

Author

Jason S. Lupoi, Seema Singh, Ramakrishnan Parthasarathi, Blake A. Simmons and Robert J. Henry

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, vol. 49, issue C, pages 871-906

Abstract: As the attraction of creating biofuels and bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass has increased, researchers have been challenged with developing a better understanding of lignin structure, quantity and potential uses. Lignin has frequently been considered a waste-product from the deconstruction of plant cell walls, in attempts to isolate polysaccharides that can be hydrolyzed and fermented into fuel or other valuable commodities. In order to develop useful applications for lignin, accurate analytical instrumentation and methodologies are required to qualitatively and quantitatively assess, for example, what the structure of lignin looks like or how much lignin comprises a specific feedstock׳s cellular composition. During the past decade, various diverse strategies have been employed to elucidate the structure and composition of lignin. These techniques include using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance to resolve overlapping spectral data, measuring biomass with vibrational spectroscopy to enable modeling of lignin content or monomeric ratios, methods to probe and quantify the linkages between lignin and polysaccharides, or refinements of established methods to provide higher throughput analyses, less use of consumables, etc. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of many of the advancements achieved in evaluating key lignin attributes. Emphasis is placed on research endeavored in the last decade.

Keywords: Lignin structure; Lignin composition; Lignin quantitation; Spectroscopy; Chromatography; Pyrolysis; 2D-NMR (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
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Lignin-Furfural Based Adhesives

Author

Prajakta Dongre (pdongre@syr.edu), Mark Driscoll (mdriscol@esf.edu), Thomas Amidon (teamidon@esf.edu) and Biljana Bujanovic (bbujanovic@esf.edu)
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Energies, 2015, vol. 8, issue 8, pages 1-18

Abstract: Lignin recovered from the hot-water extract of sugar maple ( Acer saccharum ) is used in this study to synthesize adhesive blends to replace phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin. Untreated lignin is characterized by lignin content and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The molecular weight distribution of the lignin and the blends are characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The effect of pH (0.3, 0.65 and 1), ex situ furfural, and curing conditions on the tensile properties of adhesive reinforced glass fibers is determined and compared to the reinforcement level of commercially available PF resin. The adhesive blend prepared at pH = 0.65 with no added furfural exhibits the highest tensile properties and meets 90% of the PF tensile strength.

Keywords: lignin; hot-water extraction; sugar maple; lignin adhesive blend; furfural; phenol-formaldehyde (PF) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
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Properties of particleboard manufactured from cultivated or Planted Acacia mangium

Author

Victor Pallickal Xavier, (2007) Properties of particleboard manufactured from cultivated or Planted Acacia mangium. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sabah.

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Abstract

Samples of unsanded and sanded particleboard made from A. mangium and mixed tropical hardwood were examined for the suitability of using A. mangium as a raw material to produce particleboard on industrial scale. The physical and mechanical properties of the unsanded and sanded A. mangium and mixed tropical hardwood studied to produce the board to fulfill the requirement as per type 18 JIS 5908-1994. The particleboard production was carried out as per ISO 9001 -2000 standard. The thickness of the board produced was 18mm and the physical and mechanical test carried out as per BS and JIS standard. The research carried out on two stages Unsanded and sanded and both A. mangium and mixed tropical hardwood was produced with the same glue and press parameters. A. mangium have the lower density 690 kg/m³ for unsanded board and 679 kg/m³ for sanded boards. Having a higher bending strength of 30.46 N/mm² for unsanded and 30.22 N/mm² for sanded boards, MOE 5479.47 N/mm² for unsanded and 5542.9447 N/mm² for sanded and Screw holding strength of 106.63 N/mm² for unsanded and 101.3747 N/mm² for sanded boards. The results obtained for A.mangium have significant different in comparison with mixed tropical hardwood result Properties such as thickness swelling 2 hrs and 24 hrs, internal bond and surface bond had no significant difference between A. mangium and mixed wood unsanded and sanded particleboard. The results suggests to the industries that properties of particleboard manufactured from cultivated or planted A.mangium is comparable with mixed tropical hardwood and A.mangium can be used as an alternative raw material for producing particleboard.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Acacia Mangium, particleboard, cultivated, raw material, sanded, tropical hardwood
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SD Forestry
Divisions:	SCHOOL > School of International Tropical Forestry
ID Code:	10026
Deposited By:	IR Admin
Deposited On:	28 Nov 2014 14:19
Last Modified:	28 Nov 2014 14:19

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Leaf litter decomposition rates in degraded and fragmented tropical rain forests of Borneo

Author

Yeong , Kokloong and Glen Reynolds, and Hill Jane K., (2016) Leaf litter decomposition rates in degraded and fragmented tropical rain forests of Borneo. Biotropica . ISSN 1744-7429

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12319

Abstract

Previously extensive tracts of primary rain forest have been degraded by human activities, and we examined how the effects of forest disturbance arising from habitat fragmentation and commercial selective logging affected ecosystem functioning in these habitats by studying leaf litter decomposition rates in litter bags placed on the forest floor. The rain forests of Borneo are dominated by trees from the family Dipterocarpaceae, and we compared leaf litter decomposition rates of three dipterocarp species at eight forest fragment sites (area 3-3529 ha) that had different histories of disturbance pre-fragmentation: four fragments had been selectively logged prior to fragmentation and four had been formed from previously undisturbed forest. We compared these logged and unlogged forest fragments with sites in continuous forest that had been selectively logged (two sites) and fully protected and undisturbed (two sites). After 120 d, undisturbed continuous forest sites had the fastest rates of decomposition (52% mass loss). Forest fragments formed from unlogged forest (32% mass loss) had faster decomposition rates than logged forest fragments (28% mass loss), but slower rates than continuous logged forest (39% mass loss). Leaves of a light-demanding species (Parashorea malaanonan) decomposed faster than those of a shade-tolerant species (Hopea nervosa), but decomposition of all three dipterocarp species that we studied responded similarly to logging and fragmentation effects. Reduced decomposition rates in logged and fragmented forest sites may affect nutrient cycling and thus have detrimental consequences for forest regeneration. Conservation management to improve forest quality should be a priority, particularly in logged forest fragments.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Danum Valley, Dryobalanops lanceolata, Forest rehabilitation, High conservation value (HCV), Sabah
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SD Forestry
Divisions:	FACULTY > Faculty of Science and Natural Resources
ID Code:	13863
Deposited By:	IR Admin
Deposited On:	12 Aug 2016 11:32
Last Modified:	12 Aug 2016 11:32

For further details log on website :
http://eprints.ums.edu.my/13863/

Efficiency of blanket and selective climber cutting at Deramakot Forest Reserve, Sabah

Author

Yeong , Kok Loong (2009) Efficiency of blanket and selective climber cutting at Deramakot Forest Reserve, Sabah. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaysia Sabah.

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Abstract

The efficiency of blanket (BCC) and selective climber cutting (SCC) in terms of time and cost, regenerative capacity of cut climbers and growth rate of Potential Crop Trees (PCTs; 5≤30 cm DBH) in Deramakot Forest Reserve, Sabah (DFR) was investigated in this thesis. This study was conducted in Compartment 60 and 61 of OFR which were representative of the logged forests in Sabah. The experimental design for this study was a uni-factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) that comprised of three 50x50m plots in a Block with ten replicates. The climber density (> 1 cm DBH) in the study site was enumerated only in the Control. Climbers (> 1 cm OBH) were not enumerated in the BCC and SCC but assumed to be similar with the Control. In BCC and SCC, only climbers on tress greater than 30cm OBH were enumerated. The density of climbers greater than 1 cm DBH in DFR was 404±235 stems ha⁻¹, belonging to 46 species in 34 genera and 24 families. Climber densities on trees greater than 30 cm DBH in BCC, SCC and Control were 159±142 (SD), 164±100 and 117±64 stems ha⁻¹, respectively. All climbers were removed in BCC while only climbers on trees greater than 30cm DBH were removed in SCC. Climbers were intact in the Control. The time taken to cut climbers in BCC [45.73±17.92 (SD) minutes ha⁻¹] was 52% longer than SCC [29.99±7.72 minutes ha⁻¹; Paired t-test; N= 10; t=2.293, p=0.048]. The number of coppiced climber stumps, after cutting between BCC (8%) and SCC (5%) after 6 months was not significant (Pearson Chi-Square; N=10; X² =1.667, df=1, p=0.197). The Relative Growth Rate (RGR) of PCTs in BCC was 0.057±0.02 (SD) cm month⁻¹, SCC was 0.043±0.017 cm month⁻¹and Control was 0.036±0.012 cm month⁻¹. A significant difference in RGR was found between Bec and Control (Tukey's HSD; p=0.032) but none between BCC and SCC (Tukey's HSD; p=0.183). Given that SCC was as efficient as BCC treatment, SCC should be adopted in DFR, Sabah.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	climber cutting, blanket and selective climber cutting, Deramakot Forest Reserve, Sabah
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SD Forestry
Divisions:	SCHOOL > School of International Tropical Forestry
ID Code:	9171
Deposited By:	IR Admin
Deposited On:	09 Jun 2014 11:53
Last Modified:	09 Jun 2014 11:53

For further details log on website :
http://eprints.ums.edu.my/9171/

Logistic Regression to Predict Termite Occurrences with Environmental Variables in Primary Forest and Oil Palm Ecosystem: The Case Study in Sabah, Malaysia

Author

Wong Mum Kenga, and Homathevi Rahman, (2012) Logistic Regression to Predict Termite Occurrences with Environmental Variables in Primary Forest and Oil Palm Ecosystem: The Case Study in Sabah, Malaysia. pp. 53-57. ISSN 2212-6708

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Abstract

The aim of this research was to study the relationship between presence of termite and environmental variables in primary forest and adjacent oil palm plantation located in Sabah province, Malaysia. Termite sampling was conducted with manually dug and sorted soil pits (25 cm × 25 cm × 10 cm) at a minimum extent of 64 m and lag of 2 m. Logistic regression technique was used to analyze the collected data. In general, termite species richness and relative abundances are lower in oil palm plantation in comparison with primary forest. The result showed that probability of termite occurrences in primary forest are mainly related to dead woods, trees and non-predatory ants. Likewise, probability of termite occurrences in oil palm plantation was affected with the appearance of dead woods, pruned stacked fronds, non- predatory ants and earthworms. This result indicated that pruned stacked fronds and dead woods play an important role of recovery of termite assemblages in oil palm plantation.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Logistic regression , termite occurrences , environmental variables
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) S Agriculture > SD Forestry
ID Code:	7219
Deposited By:	IR Admin
Deposited On:	21 Oct 2013 16:54
Last Modified:	23 Feb 2015 10:47

For further details log on website :
http://eprints.ums.edu.my/7219/