The effects of drying methods on extract of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre

Published Date

September 2016, Volume 74, Issue 5, pp 663-669

First online: 09 April 2016

Title 

The effects of drying methods on extract of Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre

• Author 

• Tao Jiang
• , Kaifu Li 
• , Honghai Liu
• , Lin Yang

• 
  

• Abstract 

• 
  

• Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre hardwood is widely accepted by consumers as one of the most desirable materials in making furniture and handicrafts for its properties of enriched aroma and sense of touch. The unique characteristics of this wood are attributed to its organic compounds in gum canal and parenchyma cells. However, many valuable organic compounds are not properly protected and retained during the conventional kiln drying. In order to investigate the organic compounds in D. cochinchinensis Pierre and find the favorable drying method which reserves organic compounds, the wood extract was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC–MS) at first. Then the samples were dried to absolute dry state by conventional drying (CD), vacuum drying (VD) and vacuum freeze drying (VFD) respectively, to obtain extract and calculate the yield. Lastly, these extracts from absolute dried wood were also analyzed and compared with each other. Results illustrated that there were some components with obvious medical efficacy existing in D. cochinchinensis Pierre, and VFD outperformed the other two methods in maintaining organic compounds in D. cochinchinensis Pierre.

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Remedial boron treatment of difficult to access timber in buildings

Published Date
September 2016, Volume 74, Issue 5, pp 703–710

Title 

Remedial boron treatment of difficult to access timber in buildings

• Author 

• Tripti Singh, 
• Ian Simpson, 
• Dave Page

Abstract

The quest to understand remedial treatment for timber framing began following the ‘leaky building crisis’ in New Zealand which came to prominence in late 1990s. Several in situ remedial treatment products are used in New Zealand. However, effectiveness of these treatments is still unclear, particularly in situations where not all faces of the timber can be accessed. This research was conducted to establish whether a ‘double coat brush-on’ or ‘double coat brush-on plus injection treatment between studs’ system would give the most surface coverage and retention of a commonly used remedial treatment chemical, boron. Results showed that in the ‘double coat brush-on’ process, the concealed surfaces were left largely untreated resulting in variable preservative retention between components and relatively low overall preservative retention in the multiple stud units. However, the ‘brush-on plus injection treatment’ application gave much better preservative spread onto concealed surfaces of both vertical and horizontal members. Most samples tested achieved average cross-section boron retention levels of 0.4 % BAE m/m (NZS 3640, H1.2 treatment specification), although the treatment was concentrated in the outer 30 % of the timber, hence not achieving the required full sapwood penetration. Because of the variability associated with the boron injection process, it is recommended that this remediation method should only be used where there is a high degree of confidence that there is no decay present between studs or lintel members. All attempts should be made to remove any decaying timber while repairing leaky buildings.

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For further details log on website :
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Anatomical study of short-term thermo-mechanically densified alder wood veneer with low moisture content

Published Date
September 2016, Volume 74, Issue 5, pp 643–652

Title 

Anatomical study of short-term thermo-mechanically densified alder wood veneer with low moisture content

• Author 

• Pavlo Bekhta, 
• Miroslava Mamoňová, 
• Ján Sedliačik, 
• Igor Novák

Abstract

The effects of short-term thermo-mechanical (STTM) densification by varying temperature and pressure regimes on the changes in anatomical structure of alder wood (Alnus glutinosaGaertn.) veneers with low moisture content (~5 %) were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of oblique cross and radial sections of non-densified and densified alder veneer were analysed. Veneer sheets were densified using pressure levels of 4, 8 and 12 MPa at three temperatures: 100, 150 and 200 °C for a short time of 4 min. The obtained results show that STTM densification of veneers causes irreversible changes in their morphology. Significant deformation of vessels and fibres and appearance of small spherical-like droplets (condensing compounds of lignin and degradation products of hemicelluloses) on the surface of the cell wall as well as pronounced thermo-mechanical wrinkling accompanied by the formation of axial cracks and rippled surface of the cell wall of the vessels were observed at higher temperatures and pressures. SEM images showed that the cell lumens collapsed and a certain amount of fractures in cell walls developed with increasing densification temperature and pressure. Moreover, densification of veneer with low moisture content at high temperatures and pressures causes a considerable fragility and occurrence of thermal erosion of the cell wall of vessel elements and fibres.

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Field investigations of selectively treated bamboo species

Published Date
September 2016, Volume 74, Issue 5, pp 771–773

Title 

Field investigations of selectively treated bamboo species

• Author 

• Perminder Jit Kaur, 
• K. K. Pant, 
• Santosh Satya, 
• S. N. Naik

Abstract

In the present study, eco-friendly treatment of D. strictus bamboo species was performed using traditional water leaching method and smoking and plant extract (neem oil, cedar oil, jatropha cake extract, aqueous extract of leafy biomass of lantana and jatropha leaves). Control samples were damaged up to 60 % within 3 months and completely destroyed within 6 months of exposure to termites. Results of field investigations were found to be in conformity with laboratory findings of earlier investigations. Though, both traditional treatments of bamboo were able to provide protection better than control sample yet full protection in field was not achieved. Copperised neem oil treated bamboo specimens were found to be the most durable samples up to 3 years of exposure to field conditions.

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5. Venmalar D, Nagaveni HC (2005) Evaluation of copperised cashew nut shell liquid and neem oil as wood, preservatives. 36th Annual Meeting Bangalore, India, 24–28 April 2005, IRG/WP 05-30368

For further details log on website :
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