Production and utilization of biochar: A review

Published Date
25 August 2016, Vol.40:1–15, doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2016.06.002
Review

Author 

Jin Sun Cha ^a,b

Sung Hoon Park ^c

Sang-Chul Jung ^c

Changkook Ryu ^d

Jong-Ki Jeon ^e

Min-Chul Shin ^b

Young-Kwon Park ^a,,

• aSchool of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
• bKorea Testing Laboratory, Seoul, 08389, Republic of Korea
• cDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
• dSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
• eDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, 31080, Republic of Korea

Received 20 April 2016. Revised 5 June 2016. Accepted 6 June 2016. Available online 15 June 2016. 

Abstract

Biochar produced during the thermochemical decomposition of biomass not only reduces the amount of carbon emitted into the atmosphere, but it is also an environment-friendly replacement for activated carbon and other carbon materials. In this review paper, researches on biochar are discussed in terms of production method and application. Different processes for biochar production, such as pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal carbonization, etc., are compared. Physical and chemical activation methods used to improve the physicochemical properties of biochar and their effects are also compared. Various environmental application fields of biochar including adsorption (for water pollutants and for air pollutants), catalysis (for syngas upgrading, for biodiesel production, and for air pollutant treatment), and soil conditioning are discussed. Recent research trend of biochar in other applications, such as fuel cell, supercapacitor, and hydrogen storage, is also reviewed.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

• Biochar
• Biochar activation
• Biochar application
• Adsorbent
• Catalyst
• Soil amendment

---

Fig. 1.

 Table 1

Table 1.

Fig. 2.

 Table 2

Table 2.

 Table 3

Table 3.

 Table 4

Table 4.

 Table 5

Table 5.

Fig. 3.

 Table 6

Table 6.

 Table 7

Table 7.

Fig. 4.

 Table 8

Table 8.

 Table 9

Table 9.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

 Table 10

Table 10.

 Table 11

Table 11.

Fig. 8.

• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 2 6490 2870; fax: +82 2 6490 2859.

© 2016 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

For further details log on website :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226086X16301472

Recently developed applications for natural hydrophilic polymers

Published Date
25 August 2016, Vol.40:16–22, doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2016.06.011
Review

Author 

• Kantappa Halake
• Hyun Jin Kim
• Mallinath Birajdar
• Byoung Soo Kim
• Harim Bae
• CheongCheon Lee
• Yoo Jin Kim
• Sinwoo Kim
• Soohwan Ahn
• Su Yeoung An
• Seung Hwan Jung
• Jonghwi Lee ^,

• Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, South Korea

Received 27 April 2016. Revised 14 June 2016. Accepted 16 June 2016. Available online 23 June 2016. 

Abstract

Natural hydrophilic polymers have been utilized for a variety of applications, ranging from the food industry to the coatings industry. However, recent social needs have demanded rapid progress with regard to medical and environmental applications. Natural hydrophilic polymers have attracted considerable interest due to their physicochemical properties and useful functions. This report explores recent findings made in medical, environmental, and food applications of natural hydrophilic polymers and their modified polymers. Applications of these materials are based on their intrinsic biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. Advances in the chemical modification of natural polymers as well as new source developments are overcoming the physicochemical property limits and high costs of these materials, opening up new opportunities for the development of future applications.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

• Natural polymer
• Chitosan
• Collagen
• Gelatin
• Polysaccharide

---

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author. Tel.: +821092701349.
  
  

For further details log on website :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226086X16301563

Production of Laminated Natural Fibre Board from Banana Tree Wastes

Published Date
2016, Vol.19:999–1006, doi:10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.149
5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Materials, Minerals and Environment (RAMM) & 2nd International Postgraduate Conference on Materials, Mineral and Polymer (MAMIP)
Open Access, Creative Commons license

Author 

A. Baharin ^a,,

N. Abdul Fattah ^a

A. Abu Bakar ^b

Z.M. Ariff ^b

aSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia

bSchool of Material and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

Available online 24 March 2016. 

Abstract

Laminated boards were produced by laminating banana stem fibre boards with banana leaf tapes. Various laminated boards were created by changing the number of layers of leaf tapes used. The tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural modulus and impact strength of the laminated boards increased with increasing number of layers of the leaf tapes. The elastic modulus of the laminated boards, however, showed the opposite trend. The orientation of fibre in the leaf tapes has little effect on impact strength but other properties studied showed that the properties measured along the fibre orientation were higher than that in the perpendicular direction.

Keywords

banana wastes

fibre board

lamination

---

References

1. • [1]
   • M.A. Maleque, F.Y. Belal, S.M. Sapuan
   • Mechanical properties study of pseudo-stem banana fiber reinforced epoxy composite
   • Arabian J Sci Eng, Volume 32, Issue 2B, 2007, pp. 359–364
   • View Record in Scopus
     Citing articles (44)
2. • [2]
   • S.M. Sapuan, N. Harun, K.A. Abbas
   • Design and fabrication of a multipurpose table using a composite of epoxy and banana pseudostem fibres
   • J Trop Agri, Volume 45, Issue 1–2, 2007, pp. 66–68
   • View Record in Scopus
     Citing articles (19)
3. • [3]
   • N. Venkateshwaran, A. Elayaperumal
   • Banana Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites - A Review
   • J Reinf Plast Comp, Volume 29, Issue 15, 2010, pp. 2387–2396
   • View Record in Scopus
      | 
     CrossRef
     Citing articles (45)
4. • [4]
   • P.J. Jandas, S. Mohanti, S.K. Nayak
   • Renewable resource-based biocompoistes of various surface treated banana fiber and poly lactic acid: characterization and biodegradability
   • J Polym Environ, Volume 20, 2012, pp. 583–595
   • View Record in Scopus
      | 
     CrossRef
     Citing articles (12)
5. • [5]
   • V.K. Singh, P.C. Gope, S. Chauhan, D.S. Bisht
   • Mechanical behavior of banana fiber based hybrid biocomposites
   • J Mater Environ Sci, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 185–194
   • View Record in Scopus
     Citing articles (13)
6. • [6]
   • V.G. Prasanna, K.V. Subbaiah
   • Modification of tensile, compressive properties and chemical resistance of hybrid biocomposites
   • Int J Nanomat Biostruc, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 9–12
7. • [7]
   • P.P. Swain, S.C. Das
   • Synthesis and characterisation of biocomposites and nanobiocomposites prepared from Musa Sapientum
   • Int J Pharm Bio Sci, Volume 4, Issue 2, 2014, pp. 193–201
8. • [8]
   • P.S. Nagendra, V.V.S. Prasad, K. Ramji
   • Synthesis of bio – degradable banana nanofibers
   • Int J Innov Tech Res, Volume 2, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 730–734
   • View Record in Scopus
     Citing articles (1)
9. • [9]
   • A. Joseph, B. Baby, A.B. Thomas, S.S. Krishnan
   • Preparation and characterization of banana reinforced phenol formaldehyde composite
   • Eur J Adv Eng Tech, Volume 2, Issue 5, 2015, pp. 85–90
10. • [10]
    • K.B. Bisen, V. Sahu, M.M. Krishna
    • Mechanical behaviour of banana and pineapple hybrid composites reinforced with epoxy resin
    • Int J IT Eng Appl Sci Res, Volume 4, Issue 2, 2015, pp. 11–17
11. • [11]
    • M. Gokul, S. Samraj, A. Samidurai
    • Thirupathi A. Analysis and fabrication of mechanical properties of banana and sisal hybrid composites
    • Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Tech, Volume 4, Issue 6, 2015, pp. 591–597
12. • [12]
    • S. Xu, C. Xiong, W. Tan, Y. Zhang
    • Microstructural, thermal and tensile characterization of banana pseudo-stem fibers obtained with mechanical, chemical, and enzyme extraction
    • BioResources, Volume 10, Issue 2, 2015, pp. 3724–3735
    • View Record in Scopus
13. • [13]
    • M. Mostafa, N. Uddin
    • Effect of banana fibers on the compressive and flexural strength of compressed earth blocks
    • Buildings, Volume 5, 2015, pp. 282–296
    • View Record in Scopus
       | 
      CrossRef
      Citing articles (2)
14. • [14]
    • G. Navaneethakrishnan, V. Selvam, S.J. Julyes
    • Development and mechanical studies of glass/banana fiber hybrid reinforced silica nano particles with epoxy bio-nanocomposites
    • J Chem Pharm Sci, Volume 7, 2015, pp. 197–199
    • View Record in Scopus
15. • [15]
    • B. Sruthi, S.B.V.J. ChandBadshah
    • Tensile properties of banana fibre polyester composite
    • Int J Emerg Trend Eng Res, Volume 3, Issue 6, 2015, pp. 489–491
    • View Record in Scopus

• ☆
  Peer-review under responsibility of School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author.

For further details log on website :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876619616001959