Cesium absorption through bark of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica)

Published Date
October 2016, Volume 21, Issue 5, pp 251–258

Original Article

First Online: 

15 July 2016

DOI: 10.1007/s10310-016-0534-5

Cite this article as: 

Wang, W., Hanai, Y., Takenaka, C. et al. J For Res (2016) 21: 251. doi:10.1007/s10310-016-0534-5

Abstract

Absorption of radiocesium (137Cs and 134Cs) through bark, and its subsequent translocation into wood and needles, has been suggested as a potential source of tree contamination, but the process is not well understood. Field experiments were conducted to confirm whether Cs could enter a Japanese cedar tree through the bark and how Cs moves within a tree. Stable Cs (133Cs) was applied to the bark at 1.2-m height on 10- and 26-year-old Japanese cedars. The 133Cs concentrations were determined in the bark, sapwood, and heartwood (for 26-year-old cedar only) of stem disks from several heights, as well as in current-year needles from the canopy. The 133Cs concentrations were considerably higher in the sapwood and heartwood of stem disks from 1.2-m height in treated trees than in untreated trees, suggesting that 133Cs penetrated the bark to enter the wood. The average 133Cs concentrations were higher in the heartwood than the sapwood, indicating 133Cs accumulation in the heartwood. High 133Cs concentrations in the needles of treated trees implied acropetal movement of 133Cs to actively growing organs. Our results demonstrate that Cs can enter Japanese cedar trees through the bark and that Cs is transported radially to the heartwood and vertically to the apex.

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Carbon balance of forest stands, wood products and their utilization in South Korea

Published Date
October 2016, Volume 21, Issue 5, pp 199–210

Special Feature: Original Article Climate Change - Mitigation, Impacts and Adaptation in the Forestry Sector

First Online: 

10 June 2016

DOI: 10.1007/

Cite this article as: 

Han, H., Chung, W. & Chung, J. J For Res (2016) 21: 199. doi:10.1007/s10310-016-0529-2

Author

• Hee Han
• Woodam ChungEmail author
• Joosang Chung

Abstract

Forests provide wood products and feedstock for bioenergy and bio-based products that can mitigate climate change by reducing carbon emissions. In order to assess the effects of forest products on reducing carbon emissions, we analyzed the carbon balance for individual carbon pools across the forest supply chain over a long period of time. We simulated particular forest supply chain activities pertaining to even-aged management of pine stands in South Korea to demonstrate our methods. Two different rotation scenarios (i.e., 40 and 70 years) were assessed over the 280-year time horizon in terms of temporal changes in carbon stock in each carbon pool along the supply chain, carbon transfer between carbon pools, substitution effects, and delayed carbon release by wood products. We found that the average carbon stock level was higher for the 70-year rotation scenario, but the total amount of gain in carbon was higher for the 40-year rotation at the end of the time horizon. This study confirms that forest products and energy feedstock can both reduce carbon emissions and increase carbon storage. However, the complexity of carbon accounting along the supply chain warrants a thorough evaluation from diverse perspectives when it is used to assess forest carbon management options.

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