The conservation status and priorities for albatrosses and large petrels

Published Date
September 2016, Vol.201:169–183, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.06.017
Review

Author 

• R.A. Phillips ^a,,
• R. Gales ^b
• G.B. Baker ^c
• M.C. Double ^d
• M. Favero ^e
• F. Quintana ^f
• M.L. Tasker ^g
• H. Weimerskirch ^h
• M. Uhart ⁱ
• A. Wolfaardt ^j

• aBritish Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
• b259 Howden Road, Howden, Tasmania, Australia
• cInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS-Hobart), Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
• dAustralian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
• eInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC, CONICET-UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
• fInstituto de Biologia de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR), CONICET, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Chubut, Argentina
• gJoint Nature Conservation Committee, Inverdee House, Baxter Street, Aberdeen AB11 9QA, UK
• hCentre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
• iOne Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
• jP.O. Box 64, The Crags, 6602, South Africa

Received 25 October 2015. Revised 16 June 2016. Accepted 20 June 2016. Available online 15 July 2016. 

Highlights

• •
  Many species listed by the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels are declining because of bycatch or predation by alien species.
• •
  Effective bycatch mitigation measures are available but implementation is patchy.
• •
  Knowledge of bycatch rates remains poor for many fisheries.
• •
  Terrestrial threats, including disease and predation, are serious at some colonies.
• •
  Introduced species have been eradicated or controlled at key sites.

Abstract

Seabirds are amongst the most globally-threatened of all groups of birds, and conservation issues specific to albatrosses (Diomedeidae) and large petrels (Procellaria spp. and giant petrels Macronectes spp.) led to drafting of the multi-lateral Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP). Here we review the taxonomy, breeding and foraging distributions, population status and trends, threats and priorities for the 29 species covered by ACAP. Nineteen (66%) are listed as threatened by IUCN, and 11 (38%) are declining. Most have extensive at-sea distributions, and the greatest threat is incidental mortality (bycatch) in industrial pelagic or demersal longline, trawl or artisanal fisheries, often in both national and international waters. Mitigation measures are available that reduce bycatch in most types of fisheries, but some management bodies are yet to make these mandatory, levels of implementation and monitoring of compliance are often inadequate, and there are insufficient observer programmes collecting robust data on bycatch rates. Intentional take, pollution (including plastic ingestion), and threats at colonies affect fewer species than bycatch; however, the impacts of disease (mainly avian cholera) and of predation by introduced species, including feral cats (Felis catus), rats (Rattusspp.) and house mice (Mus musculus), are severe for some breeding populations. Although major progress has been made in recent years in reducing bycatch rates and in controlling or eradicating pests at breeding sites, unless conservation efforts are intensified, the future prospects of many species of albatrosses and large petrels will remain bleak.

Keywords

Anthropogenic impacts

Conservation management

Invasive species

Non-target species

Population trends

Regional fisheries management organisations

---

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

 Table 1

Table 1.

 Table 2

Table 2.

 Table 3

Table 3.

 Table 4

Table 4.

• PDF (552K)

• ⁎ 
  Corresponding author.

For further details log on website :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320716302427

A decision support system for strategic maintenance planning in offshore wind farms

Published Date
December 2016, Vol.99:784–799, doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.07.037

Author 

• Xiaodong Li ^a,,
• Djamila Ouelhadj ^a,,
• Xiang Song ^a,,
• Dylan Jones ^a
• Graham Wall ^a
• Kerry E. Howell ^b
• Paul Igwe ^b
• Simon Martin ^c
• Dongping Song ^d
• Emmanuel Pertin ^e

• aCentre for Operational Research and Logistics (CORL), Department of Mathematics, University of Portsmouth, UK
• bPlymouth Business School, University of Plymouth, UK
• cComputational Heuristics Operational Research Decision Support Group, University of Stirling, UK
• dManagement School, University of Liverpool, UK
• eInstitut Superieur D'etudes Logistiques (ISEL), Le Havre University, France

Received 30 October 2015. Revised 12 July 2016. Accepted 16 July 2016. Available online 31 July 2016.

Highlights

• •
  A Decision Support System is designed for multiple offshore wind stakeholders.
• •
  A deterministic model is intended for users with access to accurate failure rate.
• •
  A stochastic model is intended for users who have less certainty about failure.
• •
  Maintenance resources are identified to meet the requirement of workload.

Abstract

This paper presents a Decision Support System (DSS) for maintenance cost optimisation at an Offshore Wind Farm (OWF). The DSS is designed for use by multiple stakeholders in the OWF sector with the overall goal of informing maintenance strategy and hence reducing overall lifecycle maintenance costs at the OWF. Two optimisation models underpin the DSS. The first is a deterministic model that is intended for use by stakeholders with access to accurate failure rate data. The second is a stochastic model that is intended for use by stakeholders who have less certainty about failure rates. Solutions of both models are presented using a UK OWF that is in construction as an example. Conclusions as to the value of failure rate data are drawn by comparing the results of the two models. Sensitivity analysis is undertaken with respect to the turbine failure rate frequency and number of turbines at the site, with near linear trends observed for both factors. Finally, overall conclusions are drawn in the context of maintenance planning in the OWF sector.

Keywords

Offshore wind

Renewable energy

Operations and maintenance (O&M)

Decision support

Stochastic optimisation

---

Fig. 1.

 Table 1

Table 1.

 Table 2

Table 2.

 Table 3

Table 3.

 Table 4a

Table 4a.

 Table 4b

Table 4b.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

 Table 5

Table 5.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

 Table 6

Table 6.

Fig. 11.

• ∗ 
  Corresponding author.
• ∗∗ 
  Corresponding author.
• ∗∗∗ 
  Corresponding author.

For further details log on website:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148116306334